Category Archives: Anatomy

Grey’s Anatomy Season 15 Episode 22 Head Over Heels Recap …

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Jo's (Camilla Luddington) continued downward spiral has led to another beloved couple on Grey's Anatomy hitting the rocks. And it looks like the damage is far from done.

Jo is still reeling after finding out a few episodes ago that she was conceived from a rape, and her inability to talk to anyone about it is starting to burn her entire life to the ground. First, she has been a non-stop vodka consuming drunkard since she returned from Pittsburgh. And she crossed the line in Thursday's episode, titled "Head Over High Heels," when she showed up to work drunk. Jackson (Jesse Williams) was the first to discover it and let her off with a warning, seeing that something was clearly very wrong, but he warned that if she ever returned to the hospital drunk, it could be her last time there. Remember, Jo only has a job at Grey Sloan as a research fellow, so if she gets fired it's going to be extremely difficult to find someone to fund her research if she gets to take it with her at all.

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However, that's not where the spiral ended. Alex (Justin Chambers) also called her out for drinking on the job, and when she still refused to talk to him, he threatened to fly to Pittsburgh himself to find out what the hell happened while she was there. Jo's response was to say that if he ever threatened her with that again, she'd leave him. He returned the barb by saying he'd report her to Bailey (Chandra Wilson) if she ever stepped into the hospital drunk again.

We've seen marriage stalemates on Grey's before and they very rarely ever work out well. In fact, Derek (Patrick Dempsey) and Meredith (Ellen Pompeo) may have been the only couple to survive this kind of throwdown. While Alex understands dysfunctional relationships more than anyone, especially those with parents, there's no way for him to truly understand the pain and trauma that Jo is experiencing. At the same time, if Jo doesn't find someone she can confide in so she can start processing what her birth mother told her, her entire life is going to implode.

Alex has tried to give her space to work through this as she sees fit, but it's clear that Jo is only hurting herself and those around her at this point. If she's not going to open up on her own, what is it that Jo needs in order to get the help she requires? Coddling from friends hasn't softened her up and an intervention only sends her further into depression. If the question isn't answered soon, we can see Jo and Alex going the way of other iconic Grey's couples, like Cristina (Sandra Oh) and Owen (Kevin McKidd), Callie (Sara Ramirez) and Arizona (Jessica Capshaw), and April (Sarah Drew) and Jackson. We want so much better for them.

Grey's Anatomy airs Thursdays at 8/7 on ABC.

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‘Grey’s Anatomy’ episode resulted in a spike in rape …

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RAINN saw a 43% increase in calls to its National Sexual Assault Hotline after the March 28 Greys Anatomy episode about a rape victim.

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Fourteen years into the historic run of "Grey's Anatomy,"one of the series' most moving episodes to date correlated with a spike in calls to theRape, Abuse & Incest National Network.

RAINN saw a 43% increase in calls to its National Sexual Assault Hotline after the March 28 Greys Anatomy episode,RAINN representativeErinn Robinson told USA TODAY.

RAINN also confirmed that the organization consulted with the writers on the episode, titled Silent All These Years, aftera 1992 song by the group'sfirst spokeswoman, Tori Amos.

The episode depicted the administration of a rape kit in an accurate and detailed way not often seen on television. "Grey's Anatomy" writer Elisabeth Finch and showrunner Krista Vernoff revealed to the Hollywood Reporter that the show's creator, Shonda Rhimes, stood firmwhenABC's Standards and Practices department tried to give her notes about changing those scenes.

Not only did the network's censors leave the rape kit scenes intact butone of theexecutives who originally objected to the scenes ended up in a montage scene in which the hospital's female staffline the hallway to showsupport to a rape victim (played by guest star Khalilah Joi)as she is wheeled to surgery.

In March, "Grey's Anatomy" surpassed NBC's"ER" as TV's longest-running medical drama with 332 episodes.

More: 7 reasons why 'Greys Anatomy' has outlasted 'ER'

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anatomy | Definition of anatomy in English by Oxford Dictionaries

noun

1mass noun The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts.

he studied physiology and anatomy

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descriptions of the cat's anatomy and behaviour

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every part of his anatomy hurt

people should never be reduced to their anatomies

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Synonyms

body, shape, figure, silhouette, proportions, stature, build, frame, physique

2A study of the structure or internal workings of something.

a detailed anatomy of a society and its institutions

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Synonyms

analysis, examination, inspection, survey, study, scrutiny, perusal

Late Middle English: from Old French anatomie or late Latin anatomia, from Greek, from ana- up + tomia cutting (from temnein to cut).

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Grey’s Anatomy Boss Can’t Even Deal With Your MerLuca Hate …

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Grey's Anatomy is now the longest-running medical drama in TV history and the Shondaland drama rang in the milestone episode by doing something they've never done before: ditch the emergency room drama.

With no medical emergency in sight, Thursday's hour put the focus on the doctors outside of Grey Sloan as Jackson's (Jesse Williams) planned party celebrating Amelia (Caterina Scorsone) and Koracick's (Greg Germann) life-saving surgery on Catherine (Debbie Allen) didn't go the way he wanted. It was an intimate hour that saw Owen and Koracick come to blows, Catherine contemplate life with cancer, Bailey (Chandra Wilson) finally treat herself, and Meredith (Ellen Pompeo) and DeLuca (Giacomo Gianniotti) take a huge step in their relationship.

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Finally coming clean to Alex (Justin Chambers) about her new boyfriend, Meredith's reveal legitimizes their relationship as something to be taken seriously. But there may be trouble ahead with the sudden arrival of DeLuca's father (played by Lorenzo Caccialanza), who the doctor was not pleased to see. While we don't know what's ahead yet for the couple, it's clear that Meredith's life with DeLuca has been nothing but bliss so far.

"At this point, Andrew DeLuca is a wonderful surprise in Meredith's life. He is surprising to her on every level. And I think the biggest surprise for her is how much easy joy this relationship elicits," showrunner Krista Vernoff told TV Guide.

However, Meredith's new relationship, while fun, has been met with some division. While many are happy to finally see her come out of a huge funk following Derek's (Patrick Dempsey) tragic death in Season 11, some are still not ready to see her move on and that has left Vernoff baffled.

"For me, that is not even a valid debate. I am shocked that anyone could simultaneously love a character and wish that she remain without romantic love for the rest of her life no matter how long her life is. That seems like a cruelty. And it seems like a cruelty rooted in reverence for her first love and I don't relate to it. I don't understand it. The idea that anyone could root for her to live a loveless life after being widowed at such a young age is crazy to me," Vernoff said.

Derek's significance to Meredith can never be overstated. He was her first great love and his memory lives on through her and their children, but it's time for Meredith to start a new chapter in her romantic life.

"I think that the show spent years paying homage to the love that was built for the first 11 or so seasons with Derek. If you look at her in the post-Derek years, she's not wearing makeup. She took herself to and through that place of grief and that place of what does it matter and OK I'm spending my life alone now and I've hung it up now," Vernoff explained.

She continued: "And now if you look, you're starting to see more makeup, more wardrobe. Nail polish. She's very subtly returning ... to the land of the living and the land of the romantic living. It's a relief now for the character to be emerging and letting Derek live in a beautiful place rather than a deeply painful place in her memory."

Grey's Anatomy airs Thursdays at 8/7c on ABC.

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Tooth | anatomy | Britannica.com

Tooth, plural teeth, any of the hard, resistant structures occurring on the jaws and in or around the mouth and pharynx areas of vertebrates. Teeth are used for catching and masticating food, for defense, and for other specialized purposes.

The teeth of vertebrates represent the modified descendants of bony dermal (skin) plates that armoured ancestral fishes. A tooth consists of a crown and one or more roots. The crown is the functional part that is visible above the gum. The root is the unseen portion that supports and fastens the tooth in the jawbone. The root is attached to the tooth-bearing bonethe alveolar processesof the jaws by a fibrous ligament called the periodontal ligament or membrane. The neck of the root is embraced by the fleshy gum tissue (a specialized area of connective tissue covered with mucous membrane that lines the mouth cavity). The shape of the crown and root vary among different teeth and among different species of animals.

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human digestive system: The teeth

The teeth are hard, white structures found in the mouth. Usually used for mastication, the teeth of different vertebrate species are sometimes specialized. The teeth of snakes, for example, are very thin and sharp and usually curve backward; they function in capturing prey but

All true teeth have the same general structure and consist of three layers. In mammals an outer layer of enamel, which is wholly inorganic and is the hardest tissue in the body, covers part or all of the crown of the tooth. The middle layer of the tooth is composed of dentine, which is less hard than enamel and similar in composition to bone. The dentine forms the main bulk, or core, of each tooth and extends almost the entire length of the tooth, being covered by enamel on the crown portion and by cementum on the roots. Dentine is nourished by the pulp, which is the innermost portion of the tooth. The pulp consists of cells, tiny blood vessels, and a nerve and occupies a cavity located in the centre of the tooth. The pulp canal is long and narrow with an enlargement, called the pulp chamber, in the coronal end. The pulp canal extends almost the whole length of the tooth and communicates with the bodys general nutritional and nervous systems through the apical foramina (holes) at the end of the roots. Below the gumline extends the root of the tooth, which is covered at least partially by cementum. The latter is similar in structure to bone but is less hard than dentine. Cementum affords a thin covering to the root and serves as a medium for attachment of the fibres that hold the tooth to the surrounding tissue (periodontal membrane). Gum is attached to the adjacent alveolar bone and to the cementum of each tooth by fibre bundles.

Like most other mammals, humans have two successive sets of teeth during life. The first set of teeth are called primary, or deciduous, ones, and the second set are called permanent ones. Humans have 20 primary and 32 permanent teeth.

Primary teeth differ from permanent teeth in being smaller, having more pointed cusps, being whiter and more prone to wear, and having relatively large pulp chambers and small, delicate roots. The primary teeth begin to appear about six months after birth, and the primary dentition is complete by age 2 1/2; shedding begins about age 5 or 6 and is finished by age 13. The primary teeth are shed when their roots are resorbed as the permanent teeth push toward the mouth cavity in the course of their growth.

In humans the primary dentition consists of 20 teeth four incisors, two canines, and four molars in each jaw. The primary molars are replaced in the adult dentition by the premolars, or bicuspid teeth. The 12 adult molars of the permanent dentition erupt (emerge from the gums) behind the primary teeth and do not replace any of these, giving a total of 32 teeth in the permanent dentition. The permanent dentition is thus made up of four incisors, two canines, four premolars, and six molars in each jaw.

Incisor teeth are the teeth at the front of the mouth, and they are adapted for plucking, cutting, tearing, and holding. The biting portion of an incisor is wide and thin, making a chisel-shaped cutting edge. The upper incisors have a delicate tactile sense that enables them to be used for identifying objects in the mouth by nibbling. Next to the incisors on each side is a canine, or cuspid tooth. It frequently is pointed and rather peglike in shape and, like the incisors, has the function of cutting and tearing food.

Premolars and molars have a series of elevations, or cusps, that are used for breaking up particles of food. Behind each canine are two premolars, which can both cut and grind food. Each premolar has two cusps (hence the name bicuspid). The molars, by contrast, are used exclusively for crushing and grinding. They are the teeth farthest back in the mouth. Each molar typically has four or five cusps. The third molar in humans tends to be variable in size, number of roots, cusp pattern, and eruption. The number of roots for each type of tooth varies from one for incisors, canines, and premolars to two or three for molars.

The teeth of many vertebrates have been adapted for special uses. Rodents have curved incisors that are set deep in the jaws and which grow continually throughout life; hares and rabbits have similar teeth. The tusks of elephants are enlarged upper incisors. The tusks of the walrus are enlarged canines, as are those of the wild boar. In the pig the lower incisors lie close together and project forward to form a digging instrument. Baboons have enlarged canines for defense and display. Certain snakes have hollow teeth that function as needles to insert venom. The sawfish, the only animal with true teeth outside its mouth, uses the teeth on both sides of its snout to slash its prey. The forms, patterns, and arrangements of teeth in different species of animals are of great importance in determining their phylogenetic (taxonomic) relationships.

Caries, or tooth decay, is the most common disease of the teeth among humans. Apart from the common cold, it is perhaps the most frequent disease in contemporary society. Tooth decay originates in the buildup of a yellowish film called plaque on teeth, which tends to harbour bacteria. The bacteria that live on plaque ferment the sugar and starchy-food debris found there into acids that destroy the tooths enamel and dentine by removing the calcium and other minerals from them. Caries usually commences on surface enamel, especially in pits and fissures and between adjacent teeth. From the enamel the process of decay spreads to the underlying dentine, and may finally involve the tooth pulp. Aside from keeping the teeth clean through regular brushing and flossing, tooth decay can be greatly reduced by the addition of fluorides to drinking water. Caries is treated by removing decayed dental tissue and replacing it with inert filling substances.

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primate: Teeth

A dentition with different kinds of teeth (heterodonty)incisors, canines, and cheek teethis characteristic of all primates and indeed of mammals generally. Heterodonty is a primitive characteristic, and primates have evolved less far from the original pattern than most mammals. The principal changes are a

The teeth may be subject to certain irregularities in their alignment, such as an abnormality in the relationship between the teeth in opposing jaws (malocclusion). In a less-severe irregularity, one or more teeth may be out of alignment. Both types of problems are best treated early in life through the use of special fixed or removable appliances (i.e., braces).

Another common dental disorder is inflammation of the gum, or gingivitis. It usually commences at or close to the gum margin, often between adjacent teeth. Pockets form between the gum and the adjacent teeth, sometimes penetrating deeply into the tissues. This leads to further infection, with inflammation and bleeding from the infected gums. A principal cause of gingivitis is the buildup of plaque on teeth, which causes irritation of the gums and thus leads to their inflammation and infection.

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Anatomy & Physiology Quizzes & Games – Kenhub

Anatomy - want to learn more about it?

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I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.Read more.Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver

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Download Complete Anatomy 2019 4.1.2.0 – softpedia.com

Medical students are accustomed to spending many hours with their anatomy books in hand, but it is not easy to understand more about the human body when all you have to work with are static 2D representations.

Complete Anatomy is a state-of-the-art educational solution that aims to take full advantage of the capabilities offered by modern PCs in order to provide you with an intuitive, interactive learning platform.

The application offers a 3D interactive male model that can be manipulated in various ways. It is incredibly detailed, and a female model is also scheduled to be introduced in a future release.

Far from being a static representation of the human body, the model can be customized by adding or removing various tissue layers. Additionally, it is possible to isolate specific regions whenever you need to analyze a certain body part in more detail.

Moreover, the application enables you to animate the model in order to view the actions of muscles, and you can even trace nerves along their origin path.

Many students find it impossible to learn without writing notes and highlighting certain items, and Complete Anatomy provides you with the tools you need to get the job done. You can draw freehand, add labels, write memos and even attach images.

Furthermore, the application allows you to record your interactions, together with audio commentary, a very useful feature if you wish to recap later or share knowledge with colleagues.

Complete Anatomy allows you to test your knowledge by taking one of the many quizzes that are available, and the platform even offers you the possibility of creating your own, which can then be shared with friends.

Having access to all this knowledge is well and good, but many believe it is much easier to learn various concepts when they are explained by an expert. If you feel the same way, you can take advantage of the numerous lectures that can be downloaded, each covering subjects suitable for both beginners and specialists.

Complete Anatomy does pretty much everything right, which is why we highly recommend it to any medical student or professional who is looking for a more modern educational platform. New content is added regularly, and we eagerly await the introduction of the complete 3D female model that has been promised by the development team.

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