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Anatomy of terror: What makes normal people become extremists … – New Scientist

Who and what are we fighting?

Reuters

By Peter Byrne

VERA MIRONOVA rides Humvee shotgun through Mosuls shattered cityscape. It is late January 2017. Iraqi prime minister Haider al-Abadi has just declared east Mosul liberated from three years of rule by Islamic State, or ISIS. Most jihadist fighters are dead or captured, or have crossed the Tigris to the west, digging in for a final stand. Left behind, biding their time, are snipers and suicide bombers.

Much of the population has fled to refugee camps on the outskirts. Those who stayed look lost and dazed. Men pull corpses out of houses destroyed by air strikes. Others cobble together street-corner markets, selling meat and vegetables imported from Erbil, 80 kilometres and another world away.

Few women are visible. Mironova stands out, dressed in combat trousers and a Harvard sweatshirt, wisps of blonde hair escaping her blue stocking hat. Despite travelling in an armoured car, shes clearly not a combatant. Shes a social scientist, and her job is not to fight, but to listen, learn and record.

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We stop for breakfast at My Fair Lady, a ramshackle restaurant that was a favoured eatery of ISIS fighters. The Iraqi special forces soldiers accompanying us say it has the best pacha in town steaming bowls of sheep brains and intestines stuffed with rice, with slices of black, fatty tongue and boiled oranges. Mironova orders a pizza.

A week later, a suicide bomber detonates himself at the entrance to the packed restaurant, killing the owner and several customers.

The United States does not have a real counter-terrorism strategy, says Martha Crenshaw. Faced with continued waves of jihadist terror attacks, in the conflict zones of Syria and Iraq but also closer to home, the West seems at a loss to know what to do. Crenshaw is something like the doyenne of terrorism studies, with a half-century career studying the roots of terror behind her. She occupies an office at Stanford University just down the hall from Condoleezza Rice, the former US national security advisor who was an architect of the global war on terror declared after the attacks of 11 September 2001. There is a vast amount of money being thrown into the counter-terrorism system and nobody is in charge, Crenshaw says. We do not even know what success might look like. We are playing a dangerous game of whack-a-mole: terrorists pop up. We try to beat them down, hoping they will give up.

In July, al-Abadi was back in Mosul, this time to declare the final liberation of Iraqs second city. Near-saturation bombardment of the centre by the US Air Force and a casualty-heavy, house-by-house offensive led by Iraqi forces had eliminated most of the fighters holding the city where the leader of ISIS, Ab Bakr al-Baghdadi, had proclaimed its caliphate in 2014. The liberation came at a huge price. Mosul lies in ruins, and tens of thousands of civilians are dead or wounded. Almost one million residents have been displaced from their homes.

The price has been paid not just in Mosul. In June, 206 civilians were killed in bombings and other attacks carried out or inspired by ISIS in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Egypt, Iran, Australia, Pakistan and the UK, where radicalised ISIS supporters murdered eight in an attack near London Bridge on 3 June. A couple of weeks earlier, on 22 May, a 22-year-old British Muslim named Salman Ramadan Abedi detonated an improvised bomb laden with nuts and bolts at the entrance to the Manchester Arena, killing himself and 22 others, many of them children.

Why? Religious fanaticism? Groundless hate? Perverted ideology? Victory in the war on terror requires us to know what and who exactly we are fighting.

After breakfast, we accompany Iraqi commandos into abandoned houses that had been used by ISIS, wary of booby traps. We stare into darkened, steel-barred rooms used as jails for sex slaves and kafirs, Muslims who fell afoul of ISIS. We inspect the labels on tin cans, torn cookie packaging and empty bottles of Scotch whisky.

The soldiers scoop up photographs, checkpoint passes and slips of paper with names and phone numbers. Mironova bags religious tracts written in Arabic and Russian. Many of ISISs foreign fighters in Iraq and Syria are Chechnyans and Tajiks. Someone hands Mironova a diary written in Russian. She reads out loud, translating a letter written by a woman to her jihadist lover.

We are made only for each other, our marriage is sealed in heaven, we are together in this life and the afterlife, God willing. When you left, I counted the days until I got you back, my beloved. Now you are going to the war again; you may be gone forever. I will count the days until we meet again, my beloved Zachary. Following the letter, the woman had penned a recipe for a honey cake that requires a creamy milk not obtainable in Iraq. Jihadists dream of comfort food, too.

During the 1980s, Marc Sageman worked as a case officer for the CIA, operating armed cells resisting the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Now a forensic psychiatrist specialising in criminality and terrorism, he has been investigating what makes a terrorist for decades.

In his 2004 book Understanding Terror Networks, Sageman examined the motivations of 172 jihadist terrorists as revealed primarily in court documents. His conclusions fitted with decades of jail interviews and psychological studies showing that terrorism is neither solely reducible to ideological or religious motivations, nor to personality disorders. Terrorism is not a personality trait, says Sageman. There is no such thing as a terrorist, independent of a person who commits an act of terror.

That presents a problem for efforts to profile, identify and interdict individuals at risk of turning to terrorism, a central plank of anti-radicalisation programmes such as the UKs Prevent strategy (see Nip it in the bud). Democratic societies cannot keep an eye on everyone, and what they are looking for may not even give any obvious sign of its existence.

Crenshaws influential paper The causes of terrorism, published in 1981, summed up decades of observations of terrorists and their organisations, ranging from 19th century Russian anarchists to Irish, Israeli, Basque and Algerian nationalists. The outstanding common characteristic of individual terrorists, she concluded, is their normality. In her 1963 book Eichmann in Jerusalem, political theorist Hannah Arendt noted the same thing about the banal Nazi concentration camp bureaucrat Adolf Eichmann.

The unremarkable Nazi bureaucrat Adolf Eichmann embodied the banality of evil

People who commit terrorist acts are usually embedded in a network of familial and friendship ties with allegiance to a closed group, be that tribal, cultural, national, religious or political. Historically, the conditions for the murder of innocents by terrorism or genocide have occurred when one group fears extinction by another group. Ordinary people are motivated to kill people by category through their own group identity.

Viewed from inside the group, that can seem rational: terrorists are brave altruists protecting the group from harm by powerful outsiders. Terrorist acts are warnings to the out-group, demanding that certain actions be taken, such as withdrawing a military occupation or ending human and civil rights abuses. Terrorism is a militarised public relations ploy to advance a grander scheme a political tactic, not a profession or an overarching ideology.

But the vast majority of people who might share the same sense of grievance or political goals are not motivated to kill and maim the innocent. Criminologist Andrew Silke at the University of East London has conducted many interviews with imprisoned jihadists in the UK. When I ask them why they got involved, the initial answer is ideology, he says. But if I talk to them about how they got involved, I find out about family fractures, what was happening at school and in their personal lives, employment discrimination, yearnings for revenge for the death toll of Muslims.

Yet this is not a popular view with counter-terrorism agencies, he says. The government does not like to hear that someone became a jihadist because his brothers were beaten up by police or air strikes blew up a bunch of civilians in Mosul. The dominant idea is that if we concentrate on, somehow, defeating the radical Islamicist ideology, we can leave all of the messy, complicated behavioural stuff alone.

Mironova trained as a mathematician, game theorist and behavioural economist. A fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School, she is one of few researchers to venture directly into combat zones to examine the roots of jihadist terror. Her work has been funded variously by the US National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), George Soross Open Society Foundations, the United Nations and the World Bank.

During extended stays in Syria, Iraq and Yemen over the past five years, Mironova has built up trust networks in a politically diverse spectrum of insurgents, including radical and moderate jihadists and ISIS members and defectors. She moves easily through the clogged frontline check points surrounding Mosul with the permission of the Iraqi military. She stays close to her protectors, careful not to cross the ethical line of doing no harm that separates academic research from intelligence gathering.

We are playing a dangerous game of whack-a-mole with the terrorists

By seeing things through the eyes of the fighters, Mironova aims to model what drives them, and how their individual motivations affect group behaviours and vice versa. She reads Arabic, but employs local translators in the field. She interviews fighters and civilians in hospitals, refugee camps and on the front lines face to face and via telephone or Skype.

Iraq as a whole is mainly Shia, but Mosul is largely Sunni; ISIS practices an apocalyptic form of the Sunni faith in a region wracked by social and economic catastrophe. Many civilians in the areas under their control collaborate, willingly and unwillingly, with ISIS. Some share their houses with fighters. Some work in ISIS factories, building homemade rockets, cutting and welding steel for jail bars and armour plates for tanks. Some escape into refugee camps. Some marry fighters. Some join sleeper cells.

In The causes of terrorism, Crenshaw observed that it is often the children of social elites who first turn to terrorism, hoping to inspire the less-privileged masses to approve a radical change in the social order. Many Jihadist organisations are led by upper middle class intellectuals, often engineers. Al Qaedas leader Ayman al-Zawahiri is a medical doctor; Ab Bakr al-Baghdadi reportedly has a doctorate in Islamic studies.

But the work of Mironova and others shows that the local ISIS rank and file is more down-to-earth: disenfranchised people struggling to eke out a living for their families in war zones. Foreign fighters tend to be more ideologically driven, and most motivated by factors beyond group identity to make the ultimate sacrifice (see Devoted to the cause).

REUTERS/Alkis Konstantinidis

Some militants seek to avenge the deaths of friends and relatives from US drone attacks, Shia militias, Iraqi police or US and British special operations forces. But as the sex slaves and Scotch suggest, jihadist fighters do not focus exclusively on heavenly rewards, or even hatred or revenge. Not everyone wants to die. Jihadist brigades in Iraq seize oil and vehicles, which they transport to high demand markets in Syria seeking to maximise profits. They often distribute gains from their looting and business operations communally.

Many of their adherents are purely economic actors, recruited with offers of competitive salaries, health insurance and benefits paid to their families should they be killed in battle. Mironova surveyed a cohort of Iraqi women who had encouraged their husbands and sons to join ISIS in order to get better family living quarters. Some recruits just need a job.

In Iraq and Syria, there are more than 1000 radical Islamist, moderate Islamist, and non-sectarian brigades seeking to recruit militants to their brand of insurgency. In Mironovas models, their behaviour is determined by resource constraints, much as capitalist enterprises thrive and die. Groups compete to attract the best fighters. Those with low budgets may choose a radical religious line to attract foreign fanatics who are not as professional as fighters motivated by money, but will work for just room and board. Such models suggest that although the roots of violent jihadism might be expressed as religious fervour, they are anchored in more mundane, utilitarian and perhaps solvable causes.

When the politicians demonise ISIS as evil, hormones flood the brain with danger signals, says Hriar Cabayan. We forget how to think scientifically. We need to get inside the heads of ISIS fighters and look at ourselves as they look at us.

Cabayan runs the Pentagons Strategic Multilayer Assessment (SMA) programme. His counter-terrorism unit taps the expertise of a volunteer pool of 300 scientists from academia, industry, intelligence agencies and military universities. They convene virtually and physically to answer classified and unclassified questions from combatants, including special operations forces fighting ISIS in Syria and Iraq. The result is a steady stream of white papers largely concluding that the US counter-terrorism strategy decapitating insurgency leadership, bombing terrorist strongholds is counter-productive.

Reliable information on terrorist attacks and the effectiveness of counter-terrorist actions is hard to find. STARTs Global Terrorism Database, based at the University of Maryland, records details of terrorist incidents as reported by English-language media. It does not record counter-terrorist actions. Crunching event-based data from STARTs media sources can reveal statistical patterns in terrorist attacks, including how frequently certain groups attack, numbers of fatalities and types of targets and weapons involved. The Mapping Militant Organizations database, hosted at Stanford University, includes data relevant to the political environments that nurture terrorism, but also relies on English-only news reports and selected academic journals.

Neither database includes acts of terror committed by states, except for Islamic State. The definitional boundaries between insurgency and terrorism and state repression are vague. Militant actions directed against soldiers can be recorded as terrorism, while lethal police actions or government-initiated attacks on civilians are regarded as acts of war, or collateral damage, and so ignored.

Classified data is no more comprehensive: about 80 per cent of top-secret intelligence is drawn from open sources, including media reports. Raw data that contradicts policy or that tarnishes the military is often under-reported or ignored by field officers who are more concerned with living to fight another day. There is censorship, too: a recent investigation by Military Times reports that since 9/11, the Pentagon has failed to publicly report about a third of its air strikes in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan, omitting an estimated 6000 strikes since 2014.

Relying on such imperfect sources can obscure the real motivations and root causes behind events. The problem is that the press usually has a completely wrong narrative about the perpetrators that is only corrected in the evidence presented at the trials, says Sageman. National Security Agency files leaked by Edward Snowden reveal that the NSA has trouble hiring Arabic and Pashtu speaking intelligence analysts who understand the cultures they monitor. Military intelligence agencies focus more on locating and killing terrorist suspects than on understanding sociological motivations.

Cabayan praises Mironovas brave style of research, and the data from the ground that it brings. At the SMA meeting in March this year, the question was whether the physical defeat of ISIS in Mosul would eliminate the threat. Sixty scientists, including Mironova, examined the problem from a variety of perspectives. Their unequivocal answer was no. Events so far bear out that prediction.

There is no easy solution to the problem of terrorism, says Cabayan, because neither terrorists nor counter-terrorists are entirely rational operators. The words rational and irrational make no sense, he says. People behave emotionally, illogically. Human societies are complex, adaptive systems with unpredictable, emergent properties.

Many strands of evidence now suggest that terrorist and counter-terrorist systems are a single system governed by feedback loops; the actions and tactics of one side continually evolve in response to the actions of the other, as in a wrestling match. From this perspective, ISISs trajectory can be calculated only retrospectively, in response to events.

It is an agile trajectory. Statistical models built around what is known of the frequency and casualty counts of insurgent and terrorist incidents in Syria and Iraq show the jihadists as Davids and conventional armies as lumbering Goliaths. The extremist groups can fragment and coalesce with relative ease: they are anti-fragile, strengthening under attack. They are not wedded to charismatic leaders, but are self-organising networks that can operate independently of a single node of control, and have a ready source of new personnel.

The complex, evolving nature of the groups suggests that the US strategy of increasing troop numbers in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan wont protect against jihadism. That conclusion is borne out by studies of the effects of troop surges in Iraq in 2007 and Afghanistan in 2012, both of which appear to have increased terrorism. Real complex systems do not resemble static structures to be collapsed; they are flexible, constantly respun spider webs, in the words of a 2013 SMA study of insurgency.

Drone strikes aimed at decapitating terrorist cells are likely to fail too. A 2017 study by Jennifer Varriale Carson at the University of Central Missouri concluded that killing high-profile jihadists is counter-productive, if its main intention is a decrease in terrorism perpetrated by the global jihadist movement. In July 2016, The Georgetown Public Policy Review reported a statistically significant rise in the number of terrorist attacks [in Pakistan] occurring after the US drone program begins targeting a given province.

Human societies are complex, unpredictable, adaptive systems

The drone strikes follow laws of unintended consequences, says Craig Whiteside of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Killing a charismatic leader may inspire a potent posthumous charismatic appeal, or cause splintering that results in otherwise suppressed extreme factions rising in prominence.

The effects are felt in Manchester as well as Mosul. In her most recent book, Countering Terrorism, Crenshaw writes, Western military engagement has reinforced the jihadist narrative that Muslims everywhere are targeted. It may have made ISIS more determined to inspire rather than direct terrorism. Nor has military action blocked jihadist organisations [in Iraq and Afghanistan] from regrouping, regenerating, and expanding.

The evolving nature of the message means it is difficult to combat by broadcasting counter-narratives. Social networks ensure the message feeds back rapidly to disenfranchised sympathisers in the West (see Network effects). Data scientists from the Naval Postgraduate School have studied Twitter feeds from ISIS strongholds before and after the US began bombing them in late 2014. Before the bombing campaign, the tweets focused ire on near enemies: local mayors, imams, police and soldiers. As the bombs dropped, the tweets went international, calling for the destruction of Western governments and civilians.

During the next three years, ISIS fighters or ISIS-inspired lone wolves targeted innocents in Brussels, Paris, Orlando, San Bernardino, Nice, Manchester and London. Atmospheric changes in social media reflect changes in the ground-level politics of insurgency, and specifically a willingness to export terrorism abroad. In the words of the sister of Abedi, the Manchester attacker, he saw the explosives America drops on [Muslim] children in Syria, and he wanted revenge.

Terrorist groups are seldom defeated by military force; they either achieve political solutions, or they wither away because grievances are solved or dissipate, or they alienate their supporters through excess brutality. Conversely, the US-led bombings of civilians in Fallujah and Mosul in Iraq and Raqqa in Syria, and the atrocities now being committed by the Iraqi liberators against ISIS suspects and their families, risk creating a new round of Sunni grievances.

Peter Byrne

According to a Pentagon-funded meta study of public opinion polls taken during 2015 and 2016, the vast majority of Muslims in Iraq and Syria do not support ISIS. But those who do cite religion or ideology far less than social, economic and governance grievances. And in Mosul, the study said, 46 per cent of the population believed coalition air strikes were the biggest threat to the security of their families, while 38 per cent said ISIS was the greatest threat.

If Iraqs economic and social infrastructure continues to deteriorate, a global war on terror that has to date cost $4 trillion will continue and more civilian lives will be lost to jihadist attacks in the countries involved and the West. The Sunnis in Iraq have a genuine grudge, says Cabayan. They were left out of the Shia-dominated government that we set up; they are under attack, nobody is protecting them. We can and should provide off-ramps for defeated ISIS members safety, jobs, civil rights. If not, after the fall of Mosul, we will be facing ISIS 2.0.

The counter-productive strategies go both ways. The immediate effect of civilian casualties in terror attacks is generally to undermine the ability of the attacked population to perceive the grievances of the attacking group as genuine, and to strengthen the political desire to hit back militarily. Retired US Navy captain Wayne Porter was naval chief of intelligence for the Middle East from 2008 to 2011. He is convinced that the only solution to terrorism is to deal with its root causes.

The only existential threat to us from terrorist attacks, real or imagined, is that we stay on the current counter-productive, anarchically organised, money-driven trajectory, says Porter, who now teaches counter-terrorism classes to military officers at the Naval Postgraduate School. Our current counter-terrorism strategy, which is no strategy, will destroy our democratic values.

When ISIS is driven from west Mosul in July, Mironova is back on the battlefield, gathering more data about the fate of families accused of collaborating. Extrajudicial punishment of Sunnis by Shia and Kurdish forces is causing fear and resentment, and fuelling ISIS, which is far from defeated.

ISIS is like H2O. It can be in several states: ice, water and vapour, she says. In Mosul, it was ice. We melted it. Now it is water, flowing into the countryside, seizing towns. It can vaporise to live and fight another day.

ZUMA/REX/Shutterstock

What makes someone prepared to die for an idea? This is a question that concerns anthropologist Scott Atran of the University of Oxfords Centre for Resolution of Intractable Conflicts. Research he has led in some of the most embattled regions of the world, including in Mosul, suggests the answer comes in two parts. Jihadists fuse their individual identity with that of the group, and they adhere to sacred values.

Sacred values are values that cannot be abandoned or exchanged for material gain. They tend to be associated with strong emotions and are often religious in nature, but beliefs held by fervent nationalists and secularists, for example, may earn the label too. Atran has found that people in fighting groups who hold sacred values are perceived by other members of their group as having a spiritual strength that counts for more than their physical strength. Whats more, sacred values trump the other main characteristic of extremists: a powerful group identity. When push comes to shove, these fighters will desert their closest buddies for their ideals, he says.

Atran argues that individuals in this state of mind are best understood, not as rational actors but as devoted actors. Once theyre locked in as a devoted actor, none of the classic interventions seem to work, he says. But there might be openings. While a sacred value cannot be abandoned, it can be reinterpreted. Atran cites the case of an imam he interviewed who had worked for ISIS as a recruiter, but had left because he disagreed with their definition of jihad. For him, but not for them, jihadism could accommodate persuasion by non-violent means.

As long as such alternative interpretations are seen as coming from inside the group, Atran says, they can be persuasive within it. He is now advising the US, UK and French governments on the dynamics of jihadist networks to help them tackle terrorism. Laura Spinney

Deradicalisation programmes are the bedrock of counter-terrorism strategies in many countries. They aim to combat extremism by identifying individuals who have become radicalised, or are in danger of becoming so, and reintegrating them to the mainstream using psychological and religious counselling as well as vocational training.

In the UK, some 4000 people are reported to the governments anti-terror programme Prevent every year. The majority 70 per cent are suspected Islamic extremists, but about a quarter are far-right radicals, and that number is growing.

Critics fear that these programmes criminalise and stigmatise communities, families and individuals. In addition, there are questions about who governments collaborate with for information and whether public servants should be obliged to report potential radicals.

There is also very little evidence that the programmes work. Most fail to assess the progress of participants, and rates of recidivism are rarely studied. In a recent report, the UK parliaments human rights committee warned that the governments counter-extremism strategy is based on unproven theories and risks making the situation worse.

The key to combating extremism lies in addressing its social roots, and intervening early, before anyone becomes a devoted actor willing to lay down their lives for a cause, says Scott Atran at the University of Oxfords Centre for Resolution of Intractable Conflicts (see Devoted to the cause). Until then, there are all sorts of things you can do. One of the most effective counter measures, he says, is community engagement. High-school football and the scouts movement have been effective responses to antisocial behaviour among the disenfranchised children of US immigrants, for example.

Another promising avenue is to break down stereotypes, says social psychologist Susan Fiske at Princeton University. These are not necessarily religious or racial stereotypes, but generalised stereotypes we all hold about people around us. When we categorise one another, we are particularly concerned with social status and competition, viewing people of low status as incompetent, and competitors as untrustworthy. Throughout history, violent acts and genocides have tended to be perpetrated against high-status individuals with whom we compete for resources, and who therefore elicit our envy, says Fiske.

Fiskes group has found ways to disrupt stereotypes by making people work together to achieve a common goal, for example. Trivial contact involving food, festivals and flags wont cut it, she says. It has to be a goal people care about and are prepared to invest in, such as a work project or community build. Here, success depends on understanding the minds of your collaborators rehumanising them.

Changing perspectives Tania Singer of the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, Germany, thinks brain training could achieve similar effects. Social neuroscientists have identified two pathways in the brain by which we relate to others. One mobilises empathy and compassion, allowing us to share another persons emotions. The second activates theory of mind, enabling us to see a situation from the others perspective.

Singers group recently completed a project called ReSource, in which 300 volunteers spent nine months doing training, first on mindfulness, and then on compassion and perspective taking. After just a week, the compassion training started to enhance prosocial behaviours, and corresponding structural brain changes were detectable in MRI scans.

Compassion evolved as part of an ancient nurturing instinct that is usually reserved for kin. To extend it to strangers, who may see the world differently from us, we need to add theory of mind. The full results from ReSource arent yet published, but Singer expects to see brain changes associated with perspective-taking training, too. Only if you have both pathways working together in a coordinated fashion can you really move towards global cooperation, she says. By incorporating that training into school curricula, she suggests, we could build a more cohesive, cooperative society that is more resilient to extremism. Laura Spinney

A key feature of jihadist groups is their use of social networks to propagate their ideas. If you can disrupt those connections, thats probably your best shot at stopping people from becoming terrorists, says J. M. Berger at the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism in The Hague and co-author of ISIS: The state of terror.

He believes that the advent of social media has not only increased the number of people extremist groups can reach, but also the potency of their message, because it allows them to circumvent safeguards against revisionism and hate speech. Those most susceptible to the propaganda, his research suggests, are not the chronically poor or deprived, but people experiencing uncertainty in their lives recent converts, young people who have just left the family home, those with psychiatric problems.

Extremist groups are adept at fomenting collective uncertainty, for example by provoking hostility between ethnic groups. At the same time, they present themselves as upholders of clear and unwavering values, an attractive message to individuals who are undergoing potentially destabilising transformations. Through social networks, those experiencing uncertainty can learn about and even enter into contact with extremist networks.

The G7 recognised this with its recent statement that it will combat the misuse of the internet by terrorists. But this is easier said than done, says Berger. Its easy to demand social media companies do something about extremism, but much harder to define what they should do in a way that is consistent with the values of liberal democracies. Laura Spinney

This article appeared in print under the headline Roots of terror

Leader: To tackle extremism, we need to know the enemy

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Anatomy of terror: What makes normal people become extremists ... - New Scientist

EXCLUSIVE: ‘Grey’s Anatomy’s’ Giacomo Gianniotti Talks Jo and DeLuca: ‘I See Them Having a Relationship’ – Entertainment Tonight

Greys Anatomy star Giacomo Gianniotti is hopeful that Dr. Andrew DeLuca will see happier days in the halls of Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital.

The 28-year-old actor discussed the future of the love triangle his character is currently entangled in with Jo (Camilla Luddington) and her ex, Alex (Justin Chambers). Over the course of the last season, DeLuca began developing strong feelings for Jo, and it appears theres a very real possibility for a deeper connection between the two doctors.

DeLucas attempts to confess his feelings to Jo havent gone so well for him, Gianniotti recently told ET. But personally speaking, I think he jumped the gun a little bit. Shes fresh out of this relationship [with Alex]. I think she just needs a little time to process everything. Its not necessarily that she doesnt have interest and feelings for DeLuca, but she needs some space.

RELATED: 'Grey's Anatomy' Casts DeLuca's Sister for Season 14

They were great friends before and confidantes during a traumatic moment in her life, he added. Theres definitely bonding that happened there regardless. I see them having some kind of a relationship, whether its love or friends.

Adding a wrinkle to Jo and DeLucas blossoming relationship is the return of Jos estranged husband, Dr. Paul Stadler (Matthew Morrison), whom viewers met briefly when Alex tailed him at a Seattle medical conference. Though Gianniotti remained mum when it came to specifics about Stadlers reappearance, which Morrison hinted would be a big role.

I think its a great storyline to explore, Gianniotti said of Morrisons reprisal. We saw him and his existence outside of Seattles Grey Sloan, so if he comes into our world, thats a whole other thing. Thats him meeting the other doctors. Thats him being involved in the lives of everybody, not just Jo, so it definitely raises the stakes having him around in that capacity.

As for DeLuca and Maggies (Kelly McCreary) short-lived romance, Gianniotti says that nothing on Greys is simple -- and he prefers it that way.

RELATED: 'Grey's Anatomy' Cast Kicks Off Season 14 With First Table Read

Its complicated is such a great way to describe a lot of the relationships on Greys Anatomy, he said. We didnt really get much closure, but theyve gotten to the point where they can work together and be in the same room and be cool. But yeah, theres definitely some things left unsaid on both sides.

But Gianniotti promises there will be real closure for the two, romantically, in the new season: We might see a resolution, but it might not be a resolution that you guys thought or hoped for. Its gonna be comical more than dramatic.

He also spoke about the show reaching the impressive 300th episode milestone, which will air as the seventh installment in season 14.

I dont see [the show] stopping anytime soon. The show is still growing very strong, he said, noting that Greys added new producers, new writers this season for a fresh take. Its going to be funnier and sexier and lighter. Were still going to give you the drama. Youre still going to need that tissue box, for sure, but we want our audience to have a little bit more fun this season and enjoy some of our characters being happy.

Greys Anatomy kicks off season 14 with a two-hour premiere on Thursday, Sept. 28 at 8 p.m. ET/PT on ABC.

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EXCLUSIVE: 'Grey's Anatomy's' Giacomo Gianniotti Talks Jo and DeLuca: 'I See Them Having a Relationship' - Entertainment Tonight

Grey’s Anatomy: What does Shondaland’s move mean for the show’s future? – EW.com

With Shonda Rhimes now moving Shondaland to Netflix, should fans be worried about the future of Greys Anatomy?

On Sunday, it was announced that Rhimes has signed a multi-year deal with Netflix, moving her production company from ABC to the streamer. Heres the good news: Rhimes move will not affect Greys, Scandal, How to Get Away With Murder, midseason legal entry For the People, or the upcoming Greys Anatomy spin-off. As long as those shows are on the air, they will air on ABC, and Rhimes/Shondaland will still be involved with their production.

But how much life is left in the veteran medical drama, which is heading into its 14th season this fall? ABC chief Channing Dungey had previously expressed hope that Greys would outlive NBCs stalwart medical series ER, which ran for 15 seasons. Thatd be lovely, Dungey told EW in January. Ill take even more! Honestly, I think that the show is going to continue as long as Shonda and the gang have a creative passion for telling those stories. At the moment, it feels like were full steam ahead.

ABC sources say that hope has not changed in the wake of Rhimes move. Shondaland sources, meanwhile, are confident Greys Anatomy will continue to air on ABC for a very long time to come. In other words, Greys Anatomy wont be ending any time soon.

Greys Anatomy will return with a two-hour premiere on Thursday, Sept. 28 at 8 p.m. ET on ABC.

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Grey's Anatomy: What does Shondaland's move mean for the show's future? - EW.com

New ‘Grey’s Anatomy’ Season 14 Photo Will Keep Fans Guessing – People’s Choice

Johnni Macke 11:17 am on August 17, 2017

(Photo Courtesy: ABC)

The stars ofGreys Anatomy have been teasing the upcoming season since the beginning of August, and now the production team behind the amazing medical drama is jumping in on the fun by giving fans a first look at whats coming up.

While the cast members who make up everyones favorite TV doctors (including Ellen Pompeo, Jesse Williams, Sarah Drew, and more) have been reuniting and sharing on-set pictures for weeks, Shondaland TV (aka Shonda Rhimes production company) has been keeping the new season under wrapsuntil now!

Whos excited for the 14th season of #GreysAnatomy? #shondaland, the production company wrote on Instagram on Wednesday (Aug. 16), along with a behind-the-scenes first look at scene from the new season.

Besides confirming that filming for season 14 is well underway, the photo gives fans a glimpse at a scene from the upcoming two-hour premiere episode while offering just enough clues to keep fans guessing about whats really going on in the scene in question.

In the photo, we can see that there are three people lined up at the hospital (one of whom appears to be Meredith Grey?). Are 0ur favorite docs presenting a united front? Or are we actually looking at a new batch of interns? More importantly, why isnt anyone wearing a lab coat? The photo purposefully keeps things vague.

According to the slate seen in the pic, episode will be directed by Debbie Allen (who has acted on the series since 2011). The premiere will mark the 15th episode shes directed for the series to date.

As previously reported, Greys alum, Krista Vernoff, who is returning to the series as itsshowrunner, wrote the season 14 premiere episode, so clearly there is a LOT of star power both in front of the camera and behind it for this kickoff episode.

Greys Anatomy returns with a two-hour premiere for its 14th season on September 28, 2017 at 8 p.m. on ABC.

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New 'Grey's Anatomy' Season 14 Photo Will Keep Fans Guessing - People's Choice

Netflix signs Grey’s Anatomy creator Shonda Rhimes to multi-year deal – The Verge

Acclaimed television writer and producer Shonda Rhimes has signed a multi-year deal with Netflix, where shell produce new series and work on other projects for the streaming company. The deal means Rhimes, known for her work as the creator and show runner of Greys Anatomy and Scandal, will depart ABC after 15 years with the broadcaster. She will be reportedly paid around $10 million a year at Netflix, and will be accompanied in the move by longtime collaborator Betsy Beers.

Shonda Rhimes is one of the greatest storytellers in the history of television, said Ted Sarandos, chief content officer at Netflix, in a press statement. Her work is gripping, inventive, pulse-pounding, heart-stopping, taboo-breaking television at its best. Shows from ShondaLand Rhimes production company including Greys Anatomy, Scandal, and How to Get Away with Murder will continue to air on ABC. These shows are also available to stream on Netflix (depending on your region.)

The move to Netflix means Rhimes will be able to work in a wider range of genres and formats, according to Variety. "ShondaLands move to Netflix is the result of a shared plan Ted Sarandos and I built based on my vision for myself as a storyteller and for the evolution of my company, said Rhimes. Ted provides a clear, fearless space for creators at Netflix. He understood what I was looking for the opportunity to build a vibrant new storytelling home for writers with the unique creative freedom and instantaneous global reach.

This deal marks another step in a content arms race where companies like Netflix and Amazon are carving up exclusive deals that would usually only be available to TV networks at least back in their heyday. Just last week, Amazon pinched The Walking Dead creator Robert Kirkman from AMC. While a single show might be valuable, having a creator on board where all their new shows will be exclusive to one platform is especially lucrative. Netflix currently has 104 million subscribers in over 190 countries, so the appetite for high-quality, original content remains huge.

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Netflix signs Grey's Anatomy creator Shonda Rhimes to multi-year deal - The Verge

Tattoo Hitches a Ride to RICK AND MORTY’s Anatomy Park – Nerdist

Dont worry. This trip to Anatomy Park doesnt involve going inside any humans. You only have to gaze at an artfully designed and applied tattoo by Mike Day. He recently received the request for this Rick and Morty ink and was beyond happy to do so its his favorite cartoon. He has a studio that he says is an homage to pop culture, so this kind of tattoo is right up his alley.

Anatomy Park (Rick and Morty)

Mike told Nerdist hes been a tattooist for eight years; he opened his own place, Soulfire Studios, in Brisbane five years ago. His Instagram portfolio is filled with tattoos inspired by games, TV, and film including this beautiful Studio Ghibli sleeve.

Studio Ghibli sleeve

Check out the gallerybelow to see more of Mikes designs. He has a particular talent for portraits. Youll find Rick from The Walking Dead, Walter White from Breaking Bad, and more.

If you have nerdy ink on your skin or youre a tattoo artist that applies pop culture, STEM, music, or other geek-inspired tatts (tl;dr: I want to see basically all of the tattoos not only Star Wars ones) on a regular basis, then please hit me up because Id like to highlight you in a future Inked Wednesday gallery. Im especially interested if you have a sleeve or other large tattoo. You can get in touch with me via email at [emailprotected] Send me photos of the tattoos youd like me to feature (the higher resolution, the better) and dont forget to let me know the name of your tattoo artist if you have it, as well the name of the shop he or she works out of. If you are the tattoo artist, give me links to your portfolios and/or Instagram accounts so I can share them with our readers.

Images: Mike Day

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Tattoo Hitches a Ride to RICK AND MORTY's Anatomy Park - Nerdist

Anatomy of yet another Dodgers comeback – True Blue LA

The Dodgers came through again on Wednesday night, erasing a two-run deficit to deliver their MLB-best 10th walk-off victory of the season, a 5-4 win over the hapless White Sox. Lets take a moment to relive the Dodgers 38th comeback win of 2017.

The White Sox are in full rebuild mode, and have lost 27 of their last 35 games, including 14 of their last 16 road games. Chicago had a chance to leave Los Angeles with a win, up 4-2 entering the ninth, but were left with a unique situation.

None of their relievers have recorded a save this season, the result of midseason deals to continue the rebuild. David Robertson (13 saves this season for Chicago), Tyler Clippard (two saves) and Anthony Swarzak (one save) were all traded in the last month.

Gregory Infante, who was a non-roster invitee in spring training with the Dodgers in 2013, started the ninth for the White Sox, and retired Justin Turner for the first out. At that point, per the FanGraphs game log the Dodgers had a 3.8-percent win expectancy.

The Baseball-Reference game log showed a five-percent win expectancy at the same point. The takeaway: the odds were still long for the Dodgers.

With a Cody Bellinger pinch hitting, manager Rick Renteria turned to left-hander Aaron Bummer, who like Infante has no career saves. Bellinger, who was out of the starting lineup for just the fourth time in his 99-game career, delivered a single up the middle.

The left-handed rookie is hitting .270/.323/.533 against southpaw pitchers this season.

Then came another pitching change. Jake Petricka, who forced home the go-ahead run with a hit by pitch then allowed a pair of two-run singles in the eighth inning on Tuesday night, was called upon to finish things off for the White Sox. Petricka doesnt have a save this season, but did save 16 games in 2014-15 for Chicago.

Logan Forsythe greeted him with a double down the left field line to score Bellinger, pulling the Dodgers within one. Austin Barnes, who hit a two-run single against Petricka on Tuesday, singled again on Wednesday, but his knock to center field was hit too hard to score Forsythe from second base.

Petricka during the two-game series faced nine batters. He allowed six hits and hit a batter, allowing four runs of his own and all four of his inherited runners.

The Dodgers swept their 16th series of the season best in MLB. Even if you remove the sweeps this season (a 46-0 game record), the Dodgers would be 39-34 (.534), a winning percentage good enough to lead the National League Central and behind only Washington, Colorado and Arizona in the entire NL.

Yasiel Puig, who recorded his 50th walk of the season earlier in the game, and who walked twice to load the bases to spark rallies on Tuesday night as well, ran the count to 3-2 against Petricka, but nearly struck out, barely fouling off a ball at the plate.

Then, Puig grabbed the ball and did this:

Mary Hart didnt know what to think. It didnt go unnoticed.

I wonder if they kept that ball, with the bite mark on it, said analyst Nomar Garciaparra on the SportsNet LA broadcast.

Two pitches later on the eighth pitch of the at-bat Puig hit the ball into the gap in left center field. He hit it into no-mans land, and with Barnes flying from first base, it was obvious the winning run would score with ease. Look where Barnes is before any White Sox outfielder was anywhere close to the ball.

Barnes scored from first easily without a throw.

Joe Davis didnt get to call any home games in his first year calling the Dodgers, but now as the full-time announcer he has crammed in two years worth of memorable calls into one. Davis was up to the task in calling the Dodgers 10th walk-off win of the season.

Can Yasiel Puig deliver? You bet he can! Into the gap in left center. Not a question of if. The question is who, and when. Tonight, its Puig in the ninth!

Davis rises to the occasion at the right moments, and last night delivered in his own right, even invoking a much more exciting game of Clue to describe the game-winner.

To Davis point, the question of who is real, of the 10 Dodgers walk-off wins this season, nine different players have delivered the winning RBI.

The Dodgers are 8-27 (.229) when trailing after eight innings in 2017. The rest of MLB in those situations is 141-1,426 (.090).

Even with the excitement of the call, Davis let the moment breathe as well, going silent for 51 seconds afterward, letting the celebration do the talking before adding, How do you like that, folks? Yasiel Puig, the hero.

During the euphoria, Puig found his man, hitting coach Turner Ward. Before the game, they were both wearing new t-shirts.

Then, life imitated art:

What a game.

It was so good, it was worth overlooking this cringe-worthy sponsored celebration pun:

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Anatomy of yet another Dodgers comeback - True Blue LA

‘Grey’s Anatomy’ Star Jesse Williams Accused Of Violent Rages By Ex – Daily Beast

Greys Anatomy star Jesse Williams has been labelled a rage-fueled individual with poor parenting skills who maintains a revolving door of women and exposed his children to a terrifying road rage incident in which he threatened to kill a neighbor.

The allegations are contained in explosive court documents obtained by dailymail.com.

The allegations against Williams, 36, come from his ex-wife, Aryn Drake-Lee, 34, who divorced him in April.

The allegations are the latest salvo in a bitter custody battle over their children, aged 3 and 1.

Drake-Lee also claims the actor has cynically started posting photographs of his children on social media to bolster his brand.

Drake-Lee claimed the road rage incident happened on July 18. Drake-Lee claims that following argument with a neighbor, Williams aggressively pursued him in his car with their two children inside and allegedly threatened to kill him.

I was so alarmed that Jesse exposed our children to danger, Drake-Lee says in the filing, in which she is seeking sole custody of the children after their 14-year relationship broke down.

Drake-Lee claims Williams has had a revolving door of intimate partners since the divorce and has made no effort to keep knowledge of his multiple girlfriends from their children.

In previously filed court documents Williams set out to prove he was a doting dad by listing his kids nicknames and favorite foods.

Drake-Lee is also unhappy that Williams now regularly posts photos of their children on social media to promote an image of himself: Jesse, a story teller by profession, appears to be trying to create some sort of fairytale parenting scenario that does not tell the complete story, the real story of parenting, she says in the filing, according to dailymail.com.

Drake-Lee is asking the court for a full-day mediation session to determine a path forward between her and Williams.

When the former couples divorce first hit the headlines, it was reported that Williams cheated on Drake-Lee with multiple women while they were married and hes been linked with his one-time co-worker, actress Minka Kelly.

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Williams has denied the cheating claims saying he always loved Drake-Lee during their marriage.

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'Grey's Anatomy' Star Jesse Williams Accused Of Violent Rages By Ex - Daily Beast

Anatomy Lab Live comes to Manchester with dinner, drinks – and a live post-mortem – Manchester Evening News

An interactive autopsy show which dissects a semi-synthetic human cadaver is coming to Manchester.

Anatomy Lab Live is a touring hands-on post-mortem suite, which serves a sumptuous two-course dinner to guests before the gory procedure begins.

After its UK tour last year the show returns bigger and better in 2018, with a string of dates including a show in the Village Hotel Ashton on January 27.

Those attending will be given mortuary wear including protective surgical hats, masks and aprons as well as scalpels, scissors, forceps and bone saws.

A team of human anatomists, medics and physiologists will accompany host and science teacher Samuel Piri as they carry out a real post-mortem.

The cadaver - known as VIVIT - is the next best thing to a real human cadaver and houses real internal organs from pigs, chosen for their anatomical similarity to humans.

Visitors will also be given a set of case notes to look over before then starting procedures for themselves, which could include a real head and brain sample, the pulmonary system, the gastrointestinal tract, or the heart and greater blood vessels.

There will also be Q&A time as the floor opens for questions from the audience.

According to organisers, this event is a high-level interactive experience for level 4 and above, and the content is aimed at those studying towards graduate professions. However, the wider public is welcome to attend and the event will allocate some anatomy pods especially for those with a general interest.

Tickets for the dinner and dissection are 79 general admission, with discounts available for students. Book online via eventbrite.co.uk .

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Anatomy Lab Live comes to Manchester with dinner, drinks - and a live post-mortem - Manchester Evening News

Patrick Dempsey Has Finally Found the TV Role Worthy of His … – E! Online

Cindy Ord/Getty Images for SiriusXM

Patrick Dempsey is ready for his TV comeback.

Two years after the actor walked away from Grey's Anatomy, killing off his beloved character Derek Shepherd in the process, Dempsey has signed on for the lead role in the upcoming Epix adaptation of the best-selling novel, The Truth About the Harry Quebert Affair. Production on the 10-part event series is underway in Montreal.

In the suspenseful drama, produced by MGM Television, Dempsey will take on the title role of Harry Quebert,a literary icon who suddenly finds himself indicted for murder after the body of a young girl is found buried on his property.

The series takes place in coastal Maine and focuses on Marcus Goldman (Ben Schnetzer), a successful young novelist who had been mentored by Harry, as visiting his mentor'shome to find a cure for his writer's block as his publisher's deadline looms. Marcus' plans are suddenly upended when Harry is sensationally implicated in the cold-case murder of Nola Kellergan, a fifteen-year-old girl who has been missing for many years.

The Truth About the Harry Quebert Affair also stars Happy Endings alum Damon Wayans Jr. asSgt. Perry Gahalowood, a Maine State Police investigator who is investigating the death of Kellergan, and Virginia Madsen as Tamara Quinn,the owner of a local diner who learns of a secret about Quebert.

"Jol Dicker's exquisite thriller, The Truth About the Harry Quebert Affair has captivated a worldwide audience with its complicated tale of love and lies. I am thrilled that this first class ensemble cast led by Patrick Dempsey and the incomparable director Jean-Jacques Annaud, get to bring provocative page-turner to life," said Steve Stark, MGM's President, Television Production & Development.

When Dempsey shocked fans with his sudden departure from the long-running ABC soap that revitalized his career, he noted that he'd likely never sign on for a workload that a broadcast series like Grey's requires from its actors."I would commit to a show that is 10 to 12 episodes.But 24 again, Idon't know if i would do that," he told EW at the time. "It's a very hard life. It's financially rewarding but there comes a point where how much is enough, really?"

Are you looking forward to Dempsey's return to TV? Sound off in the comments below!

The Truth About the Harry Quebert Affair will likely debut on Epix in 2018.

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Patrick Dempsey Has Finally Found the TV Role Worthy of His ... - E! Online