Category Archives: Cell Biology

Doesn’t an excessive intake of simple sugar affect higher brain function? – EurekAlert

image:Excessive sucrose intake during adolescence cause cellular damage in non-neuronal cell groups, inhibiting the uptake of glucose from the blood into the brain parenchyma, leading to dysfunctions of certain neurons that cause the major symptoms of psychiatric disorders. view more

Credit: TMIMS

There has been a remarkable increase in intake of simple sugar (sucrose, isomerized sugar (corn syrup)) from beverages and diets in modern society. The intake of simple sugars in adolescents in which mental disorders frequently occur is higher than any other generations. Moreover, patients with mental disorders consume approximately 2-fold more sugar than age-matched healthy individuals, and patients with schizophrenia who consume more sucrose exhibit more severe symptoms. Despite accumulating evidence, it is still unproven that excessive sugar intake contributes to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders among susceptible individuals. Doesn't an excessive intake of simple sugar affect higher brain function? We attempted to elucidate this causal relationship.

As a susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorder, we selected Glyoxylase-1 and Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1. By combining the heterozygous mice with environmental factors of excessive sugar intake at the age of puberty, we successfully created a novel mouse model exhibiting various mental disorder-like symptoms, including decreased sensorimotor gating function, decreased working memory, hyperactivity, abnormal gamma-band component in EEG. In other words, this demonstrates a possibility that the excessive intake of simple sugar at the age of puberty could be an environmental risk factor of psychiatric disorders.

Furthermore, by analyzing this model mouse, we aimed to identify the new phenotypes and mechanisms of developing mental disorder. We found cerebral microvascular angiopathy. In order to verify the generality of this finding, we used a post-mortem brain from patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and identified angiopathy similar to the one seen in the model mice. We also found that the angiopathy was accompanied by an impaired glucose incorporation to brain parenchyma in our mice model. These phenotypes were prevented by continuous administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before the onset of the disease, and some psychiatric-like symptoms were also suppressed. Notably, the patients used in this study do not necessarily have a record of excessive sucrose intake. They developed psychiatric disorders under various stress circumstances, suggesting that psychiatric disorders are associated with angiopathy in the brain caused by various environmental stresses, including metabolic stress.

About the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science

The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (TMIMS) is dedicated to advancing basic and medical research in order to improve human health and quality of life. Founded in 2011 through the consolidation of three medical institutes, TMIMS is funded by the Tokyo metropolitan government and supports basic research in molecular and cellular biology in areas including genome replication, protein degradation, and infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. TMIMS also supports the development of new technologies in areas such as genome editing, control of neural prostheses, and vaccine development, and clinical research in fields such as optimization of nursing care and development of new treatments for psychiatric, neurodegenerative and other diseases. By integrating top-down applied research with bottom-up basic research, a goal of TMIMS is to more efficiently translate basic research results into treatments beneficial for humankind. For more information about TMIMS, see http://www.igakuken.or.jp/english.

High-sucrose diets contribute to brain angiopathy with impaired glucose uptake and psychosis-related higher brain dysfunctions in mice

10-Nov-2021

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Doesn't an excessive intake of simple sugar affect higher brain function? - EurekAlert

Celularity Receives Fast Track Designation from US FDA for its NK Cell Therapy CYNK-001 in Development for the Treatment of AML – BioSpace

FLORHAM PARK, N.J., Dec. 27, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Celularity Inc. (Nasdaq: CELU) (Celularity), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing placental-derived allogeneic cell therapies, today announced the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Fast Track Designation for its non-genetically modified cryopreserved human placental hematopoietic stem cell-derived natural killer (NK) cell therapy, CYNK-001, in development for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

The majority of patients with AML continue to have poor long-term outcomes, particularly those who suffer relapse or have measurable residual disease, necessitating development of novel therapies, including CYNK-001, said Andrew Pecora, M.D., President of Celularity. Robert Hariri, M.D., Ph.D., Founder, Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of Celularity added, We believe that the unique properties of our cell source, including the ability to proliferate and maintain activity, could be the key to improving response rates and durability for patients. We are pleased to receive this fast-track designation from the FDA for AML supporting continued development of our placental-derived NK cell platform. CYNK-001 previously received orphan drug designation for malignant gliomas and fast track designation for glioblastoma multiforme.

About Fast Track Designation

Fast Track Designation is an FDA process designed to facilitate the development and expedite the review of new drugs that are intended to treat a serious condition and have the potential to address unmet medical needs. The purpose of Fast Track designation is to expedite the process of getting important new drugs to patients. The designation may offer frequent interactions with the FDA review team on the products development and the product may be eligible for rolling review and priority review if certain criteria are met.

About CYNK-001

Celularitys lead therapeutic program based on its placental-derived unmodified NK cell type is CYNK-001, an allogeneic unmodified NK cell being developed as a treatment for hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and infectious diseases. CYNK-001 is a cryopreserved allogeneic off-the-shelf cell therapy enriched for CD56+/CD3- NK cells expanded from human placental CD34+ cells. The safety and efficacy of CYNK-001 have not been established, and CYNK-001 has not been approved for any use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or any other analogous regulatory authority.

About Celularity

Celularity Inc. (Nasdaq: CELU) headquartered in Florham Park, N.J., is a clinical stage biotechnology company leading the next evolution in cellular medicine by developing allogeneic cryopreserved off-the-shelf placental-derived cell therapies, including therapeutic programs using unmodified natural killer (NK) cells, genetically modified NK cells, T-cells engineered with a CAR (CAR T-cells), and mesenchymal-like adherent stromal cells (ASCs). These therapeutic programs target indications in cancer, infectious and degenerative diseases. In addition, Celularity develops and manufactures innovative biomaterials also derived from the postpartum placenta. Celularity believes that by harnessing the placentas unique biology and ready availability, it can develop therapeutic solutions that address significant unmet global needs for effective, accessible, and affordable therapies.

To learn more, visit celularity.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as well as within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements, including those relating to future events. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as anticipate, believe, can, contemplate, continue, could, estimate, expect, forecast, intends, may, might, outlook, plan, possible, potential, predict, project, seek, should, strive, target, will, would and the negative of terms like these or other comparable terminology, and other words or terms of similar meaning. The forward-looking statements in this press release include, statements regarding the ability to improve response rates and durability, and other statements regarding the development of CYNK-001, and Celularitys ability to develop effective, accessible and affordable therapies, among others. Many factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements, including but not limited to: the inherent risks in biotechnological development, including with respect to the development of novel cellular therapies, and the clinical trial and regulatory approval process; and risks associated with developments relating to Celularitys competitors and industry, along with those risk factors set forth under the caption Risk Factors in Celularitys proxy statement/prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on August 12, 2021 and other filings with the SEC. These risks and uncertainties may be amplified by the COVID- 19 pandemic. If any of these risks materialize or underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the results implied by these forward-looking statements. There may be additional risks that Celularity does not presently know, or that Celularity currently believes are immaterial, that could also cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements. In addition, these forward-looking statements reflect Celularitys current expectations, plans, or forecasts of future events and views as of the date of this communication. Subsequent events and developments could cause assessments to change. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing Celularitys views as of any subsequent date, and Celularity undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

Celularity Investor Contacts:Carlos Ramirez SVP, Investor RelationsCelularity Inc.carlos.ramirez@celularity.com

Celularity Media ContactJason Braco, Ph.D.LifeSci Communicationsjbraco@lifescicomms.com

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Celularity Receives Fast Track Designation from US FDA for its NK Cell Therapy CYNK-001 in Development for the Treatment of AML - BioSpace

Dental mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in different microenvironments implications in regenerative therapy – Newswise

Current research data reveal microenvironment as a significant modifier of physical functions, pathologic changes, as well as the therapeutic effects of stem cells. When comparing regeneration potential of various stem cell types used for cytotherapy and tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently the most attractive cell source for bone and tooth regeneration due to their differentiation and immunomodulatory potential and lack of ethical issues associated with their use. The microenvironment of donors and recipients selected in cytotherapy plays a crucial role in regenerative potential of transplanted MSCs, indicating interactions of cells with their microenvironment indispensable in MSC-mediated bone and dental regeneration. Since a variety of MSC populations have been procured from different parts of the tooth and tooth-supporting tissues, MSCs of dental origin and their achievements in capacity to reconstitute various dental tissues have gained attention of many research groups over the years. This review discusses recent advances in comparative analyses of dental MSC regeneration potential with regards to their tissue origin and specific microenvironmental conditions, giving additional insight into the current clinical application of these cells.

Core Tip: This review discusses recent advances in comparative analyses of dental mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) regeneration potential. We have summarized the available research evidence concerning the effects of hypoxic and inflammatory microenvironmental factors on dental MSC differentiation capacity. Existing investigations indicate the very important aspect of the recipient microenvironment niche in terms of therapeutic efficacy of transplanted dental MSCs. However, some of the data for the same cell type (especially in hypoxic in vitro conditions) are conflicting, so it is important to point out that the biology of MSCs is not yet fully known, and further research in this area is needed.

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Dental mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in different microenvironments implications in regenerative therapy - Newswise

Global Regenerative Medicine Market is Expected to Reach USD 57.08 Billion by 2027, Growing at a CAGR of 11.27% Over the Forecast Period. -…

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Global Regenerative Medicine Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Product (Cell-based Immunotherapies, Gene Therapies), by Therapeutic Category (Cardiovascular, Oncology), and Segment Forecasts, 2021-2027" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global regenerative medicine market size is expected to reach USD 57.08 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 11.27% over the forecast period.

Recent advancements in biological therapies have resulted in a gradual shift in preference toward personalized medicinal strategies over the conventional treatment approach. This has resulted in rising R&D activities in the regenerative medicine arena for the development of novel regenerative therapies.

Furthermore, advancements in cell biology, genomics research, and gene-editing technology are anticipated to fuel the growth of the industry. Stem cell-based regenerative therapies are in clinical trials, which may help restore damaged specialized cells in many serious and fatal diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative diseases, and spinal cord injuries.

For instance, various research institutes have adopted Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) to develop a treatment for Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Constant advancements in molecular medicines have led to the development of gene-based therapy, which utilizes targeted delivery of DNA as a medicine to fight against various disorders.

Gene therapy developments are high in oncology due to the rising prevalence and genetically driven pathophysiology of cancer. The steady commercial success of gene therapies is expected to accelerate the growth of the global market over the forecast period.

Regenerative Medicine Market Report Highlights

Key Topics Covered:

Market Variables, Trends, & Scope

Competitive Analysis

Covid-19 Impact Analysis

Regenerative Medicine Market: Product Business Analysis

Regenerative Medicine Market: Therapeutic Category Business Analysis

Regenerative Medicine Market: Regional Business Analysis

Companies Mentioned

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/kovhgl

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Global Regenerative Medicine Market is Expected to Reach USD 57.08 Billion by 2027, Growing at a CAGR of 11.27% Over the Forecast Period. -...

Regor Therapeutics Announces US FDA Authorization to Conduct Regor’s First-in-Human Clinical Trial with the Next Generation Targeted Inhibitor…

SHANGHAI, Dec. 27, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- On December 23, Regor Therapeutics, a clinical-stage biotech company, announced authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to proceed with Regor's Phase 1 clinical development plans for RGT-419B.

RGT-419B is a new generation CDK2/4/6, small molecule inhibitor with an optimized kinase activity spectrum. It is expected to improve the safety of and combat the resistance to currently approved CDK4/6 inhibitors that are given in combination with endocrine-based therapy for treatment of pre/perimenopausal or postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

In cell model experiments, RGT-419B has demonstrated single agent activity with greater suppression of ER+ tumor cell growth when compared to abemaciclib and palbociclib. In ER+ breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to currently approved CDK4/6 inhibitors, RGT-419B has demonstrated full suppression of cancer cell proliferation. In these experiments, RGT-419B's tumor cell suppression was further augmented when combined with a selective estrogen receptor degrader or a PI3K signaling pathway inhibitor.

As a single agent and in combination with other approved therapies, RGT-419B will initially be developed for the treatment of patients with HER2-, ER+ breast cancer who have primary or acquired resistance to currently approved CDK4/6 inhibitors. As CDK4/6 inhibitors are widely adopted in clinical practice, refractory and relapsed patients previously treated by CDK4/6 inhibitors are becoming a greater and clinically significant unmet medical need. RGT-419B's clinical development programs will address this resistance to CDK4/6 and other hormone receptor modulation therapy, providing a new opportunity to improve the survival and quality of life in breast cancer patients with advanced disease.

RGT-419B is the first of many innovative oncology drugs being developed by Regor. Dr. Xiayang Qiu, Founder and CEO of Regor Therapeutics, said, "This milestone marks Regor's success in entering into the area of oncology therapeutics. Achieving an optimal selectivity profile against several CDKs by leveraging Regor's proprietary CARD platform, this innovative drug is entering clinical stage development in the U.S. We are excited by this opportunity to bring new and differentiated treatment options to the many patients suffering from breast cancer worldwide.

About breast cancer

HER2-, HR+ breast cancer is the most common type of breast cancer. Globally, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting approximately 2.3 million women in 2020 and is the leading cause of death due to cancer in women. In China breast cancer ranks 4th amongst solid tumor types with over 400,000 new cases annually. Breast cancer poses a tremendous healthcare burden in China and across the world as well as having a significant negative impact on patients and their families.

About Regor Therapeutics Group

Regor Therapeutics is a clinical stage company dedicated to the discovery and development of innovative and clinically differentiated medicines by leveraging the proprietary CARD (Computer Accelerated Rational Discovery) Platform. The company focuses mainly on three therapeutic areas, oncology, immunology, and metabolic disorders. By seamlessly integrating CARD with structural biology, computational chemistry, therapeutic biology, medicinal chemistry, and clinical development. Regor has successfully assembled a world-class scientific team and established a highly efficient new drug innovation engine to enable the discovery and development of best- and first-in-class molecules. For more information, please click http://www.regor.com

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Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP Announces a Securities Fraud Class Action Lawsuit Filed Against Berkeley Lights, Inc. (BLI) and Encourages…

RADNOR, PA / ACCESSWIRE / December 25, 2021 / The law firm of Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP informs investors that a securities class action lawsuit has been filed against Berkeley Lights, Inc. ("Berkeley Lights") (NASDAQ:BLI). The action charges Berkeley Lights with violations of the federal securities laws, including omissions and fraudulent misrepresentations relating to the company's business, operations, and prospects. As a result of Berkeley Lights's materially misleading statements to the public, Berkeley Lights's investors have suffered significant losses.

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CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT YOUR BERKELEY LIGHTS LOSSES

LEAD PLAINTIFF DEADLINE: February 7, 2022

CLASS PERIOD: July 17, 2020 through September 14, 2021

CONTACT AN ATTORNEY TO DISCUSS YOUR RIGHTS:

James Maro, Esq. (484) 270-1453 or Toll Free (844) 887-9500 or Email at info@ktmc.com

BERKELEY LIGHTS'SALLEGED MISCONDUCT

Berkeley Lights, headquartered in Emeryville, California, is a digital cell biology company that focuses on enabling and accelerating the rapid development and commercialization of biotherapeutics and other cell-based products.

On September 15, 2021, Scorpion Capital published an investigative report about Berkeley Lights titled, "Fleecing Customers And IPO Bagholders With A $2 Million Black Box That's A Clunker, While Insiders and Silicon Valley Bigwigs Race To Dump Stock. Just Another VC Pump at 27X Sales. Target Price: $0." The report criticized Berkeley Lights's technology and questioned the durability of Berkeley Lights's most important business relationships and its business growth plan. In addition, the report found that negative customer experiences had further crimped Berkeley Lights's growth potential. Specifically, the report detailed "a trail of customers who allege they were tricked,' misled, or over-promised into buying a $2 million lemon" and concluded that the "reality is so far from [Berkeley Lights's] grandiose hype that we believe its product claims and practices may constitute outright fraud."

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Following this news, Berkeley Lights's stock price fell nearly 30% over two trading days to close at $23.53 per share on September 16, 2021.

WHAT CAN I DO?

Berkeley Lights's investors may, no later than February 7, 2022, seek to be appointed as a lead plaintiff representative of the class through Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP or other counsel, or may choose to do nothing and remain an absent class member. Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP encourages Berkeley Lights's investors who have suffered significant losses to contact the firm directly to acquire more information.

CLICK HERE TO SIGN UP FOR THE CASE

WHO CAN BE A LEAD PLAINTIFF?

A lead plaintiff is a representative party who acts on behalf of all class members in directing the litigation. The lead plaintiff is usually the investor or small group of investors who have the largest financial interest and who are also adequate and typical of the proposed class of investors. The lead plaintiff selects counsel to represent the lead plaintiff and the class and these attorneys, if approved by the court, are lead or class counsel. Your ability to share in any recovery is not affected by the decision of whether or not to serve as a lead plaintiff.

ABOUT KESSLER TOPAZ MELTZER & CHECK, LLP

Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP prosecutes class actions in state and federal courts throughout the country and around the world. The firm has developed a global reputation for excellence and has recovered billions of dollars for victims of fraud and other corporate misconduct. All of our work is driven by a common goal: to protect investors, consumers, employees and others from fraud, abuse, misconduct and negligence by businesses and fiduciaries. At the end of the day, we have succeeded if the bad guys pay up, and if you recover your assets. The complaint in this action was not filed by Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP. For more information about Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP please visit http://www.ktmc.com.

CONTACT:Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLPJames Maro, Jr., Esq.280 King of Prussia RoadRadnor, PA 19087(844) 887-9500 (toll free)info@ktmc.com

SOURCE: Kessler Topaz Meltzer & Check, LLP

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$3.17 Bn Super-resolution Microscopes Market by Technology, Application, End-User and Geography – Global Forecast to 2027 – Yahoo Finance

DUBLIN, Dec. 22, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Global Super-resolution Microscopes Market (2021-2027) by Technology, Application, End-User, and Geography, Competitive Analysis, Impact of Covid-19, Ansoff Analysis" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

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The Global Super-resolution Microscopes Market is estimated to be USD 3.17 Bn in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 5.38 Bn by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 9.26%.

Market Dynamics

Key factors, such as technological advancements, the rise in research activities in neurology and cell biology, the rising applications in the life science industry, increasing focus on nanotechnology and developing government support will help in boosting the growth of the market. Corporate funding for microscopy and increasing focus on nanotechnology are the opportunities of super resolution microscope market.

Reduction in the production and stock due to the covid-19 pandemic is a major challenge to the growth of this market.

Market Segmentation

The Global Super-resolution Microscopes Market is segmented further based on Technology, Application, End-User, and Geography.

By Technology, the market is classified as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy, Structured-Illumination Microscopy (SIM), Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM), Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy (FPALM), and Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM). Amongst them, the Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy segment is estimated to hold the highest market share.

By Application, the market is classified as Nanotechnology, Life Science, Material Science, and Semi-conductors. Amongst them, the Life Science segment is estimated to hold the highest market share during the forecast period.

By End-User, the market is classified as Academic Institutions, Industries and Others. Amongst them, the Academic Institutions segment holds the highest market share.

By Geography, North America is projected to lead the market.

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Recent Developments

1. JEOL Ltd. announces the release of a new cold field emission cryo-electron microscope (cryo-EM), the CRYO ARMT 300 II (JEM-3300), to be released in January 2021. This new cryo-EM has been developed based on the concept of "Quick and easy to operate and get high-contrast and high-resolution images". - 22nd January 20212. JEOL Ltd. has acquired Integrated Dynamic Electron Solutions, Inc. an entrepreneurial venture specialized in technologies related to transmission electron microscopy. - 17th January 20203. Nikon Instruments Inc., innovator of advanced microscope systems has announced the release of the ECLIPSE Ei educational microscope, designed for intuitive operation and an improved learning experience. - 17th November 2020

Companies Mentioned

Report Highlights:

A complete analysis of the market, including parent industry

Important market dynamics and trends

Market segmentation

Historical, current, and projected size of the market based on value and volume

Market shares and strategies of key players

Recommendations to companies for strengthening their foothold in the market

Key Topics Covered:

1 Report Description1.1 Study Objectives 1.2 Market Definition1.3 Currency1.4 Years Considered1.5 Language1.6 Key Shareholders

2 Research Methodology2.1 Research Process2.2 Data Collection and Validation2.3 Market Size Estimation2.4 Assumptions of the Study2.5 Limitations of the Study

3 Executive Summary

4 Market Overview4.1 Introduction 4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.1.1 Technological advancements4.2.1.2 Developing government support 4.2.1.3 The rise in research activities in neurology and cell biology 4.2.1.4 The rising applications in the life science industry 4.2.1.5 Increasing focus on nanotechnology4.2.2 Restraints4.2.2.1 High Costs of Advanced Microscopes4.2.3 Opportunities4.2.3.1 Corporate funding for microscopy 4.2.3.2 Increasing focus on nanotechnology 4.2.4 Challenges4.2.4.1 Reduction in the production and stock due to covid-19 pandemic4.3 Trends

5 Market Analysis5.1 Porter's Five Forces Analysis5.2 Impact of COVID-195.3 Ansoff Matrix Analysis

6 Global Super-resolution Microscopes Market, By Technology6.1 Introduction6.2 Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy6.3 Structured-Illumination Microscopy (SIM) 6.4 Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) 6.5 Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy (FPALM) 6.6 Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM)

7 Global Super-resolution Microscopes Market, By Application7.1 Introduction7.2 Nanotechnology 7.3 Life Science 7.4 Material Science 7.5 Semi-conductors

8 Global Super-resolution Microscopes Market, By End-User8.1 Introduction8.2 Academic Institutions 8.3 Industries 8.4 Others

9 Global Super-resolution Microscopes Market, By Geography9.1 Introduction9.2 North America9.2.1 US9.2.2 Canada9.2.3 Mexico9.3 South America9.3.1 Brazil9.3.2 Argentina9.4 Europe9.4.1 UK9.4.2 France9.4.3 Germany9.4.4 Italy9.4.5 Spain9.4.6 Rest of Europe9.5 Asia-Pacific9.5.1 China9.5.2 Japan9.5.3 India9.5.4 Indonesia9.5.5 Malaysia9.5.6 South Korea9.5.7 Australia9.5.8 Russia9.5.9 Rest of APAC9.6 Rest of the World9.6.1 Qatar9.6.2 Saudi Arabia9.6.3 South Africa9.6.4 United Arab Emirates9.6.5 Latin America

10 Competitive Landscape10.1 Competitive Quadrant10.2 Market Share Analysis10.3 Competitive Scenario10.3.1 Mergers & Acquisitions10.3.2 Agreement, Collaborations, & Partnerships10.3.3 New Product Launches & Enhancements10.3.4 Investments & funding

11 Company Profiles

12 Appendix

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/qpa9ov

Media Contact:

Research and Markets Laura Wood, Senior Manager press@researchandmarkets.com

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$3.17 Bn Super-resolution Microscopes Market by Technology, Application, End-User and Geography - Global Forecast to 2027 - Yahoo Finance

‘Battle of the sexes’ begins in womb as father and mother’s genes tussle over nutrition – EurekAlert

image:Sections of the fetus and placenta view more

Credit: Ionel Sandovici

Cambridge scientists have identified a key signal that the fetus uses to control its supply of nutrients from the placenta, revealing a tug-of-war between genes inherited from the father and from the mother. The study, carried out in mice, could help explain why some babies grow poorly in the womb.

As the fetus grows, it needs to communicate its increasing needs for food to the mother. It receives its nourishment via blood vessels in the placenta, a specialised organ that contains cells from both baby and mother.

Between 10% and 15% of babies grow poorly in the womb, often showing reduced growth of blood vessels in the placenta. In humans, these blood vessels expand dramatically between mid and late gestation, reaching a total length of approximately 320 kilometres at term.

In a study published today in Developmental Cell, a team led by scientists at the University of Cambridge used genetically engineered mice to show how the fetus produces a signal to encourage growth of blood vessels within the placenta. This signal also causes modifications to other cells of the placenta to allow for more nutrients from the mother to go through to the fetus.

Dr Ionel Sandovici, the papers first author, said: As it grows in the womb, the fetus needs food from its mum, and healthy blood vessels in the placenta are essential to help it get the correct amount of nutrients it needs.

Weve identified one way that the fetus uses to communicate with the placenta to prompt the correct expansion of these blood vessels. When this communication breaks down, the blood vessels dont develop properly and the baby will struggle to get all the food it needs.

The team found that the fetus sends a signal known as IGF2 that reaches the placenta through the umbilical cord. In humans, levels of IGF2 in the umbilical cord progressively increase between 29 weeks of gestation and term: too much IGF2 is associated with too much growth, while not enough IGF2 is associated with too little growth. Babies that are too large or too small are more likely to suffer or even die at birth, and have a higher risk to develop diabetes and heart problems as adults.

Dr Sandovici added: Weve known for some time that IGF2 promotes the growth of the organs where it is produced. In this study, weve shown that IGF2 also acts like a classical hormone its produced by the fetus, goes into the fetal blood, through the umbilical cord and to the placenta, where it acts.

Particularly interesting is what their findings reveal about the tussle taking place in the womb.

In mice, the response to IGF2 in the blood vessels of the placenta is mediated by another protein, called IGF2R. The two genes that produce IGF2 and IGF2R are imprinted a process by which molecular switches on the genes identify their parental origin and can turn the genes on or off. In this case, only the copy of the igf2 gene inherited from the father is active, while only the copy of igf2r inherited from the mother is active.

Lead author Dr Miguel Constncia, said: One theory about imprinted genes is that paternally-expressed genes are greedy and selfish. They want to extract the most resources as possible from the mother. But maternally-expressed genes act as countermeasures to balance these demands.

In our study, the fathers gene drives the fetuss demands for larger blood vessels and more nutrients, while the mothers gene in the placenta tries to control how much nourishment she provides. Theres a tug-of-war taking place, a battle of the sexes at the level of the genome.

The team say their findings will allow a better understanding of how the fetus, placenta and mother communicate with each other during pregnancy. This in turn could lead to ways of measuring levels of IGF2 in the fetus and finding ways to use medication to normalise these levels or promote normal development of placental vasculature.

The researchers used mice, as it is possible to manipulate their genes to mimic different developmental conditions. This enables them to study in detail the different mechanisms taking place. The physiology and biology of mice have many similarities with those of humans, allowing researchers to model human pregnancy, in order to understand it better.

The lead researchers are based at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, part of the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, and the Centre for Trophoblast Research, all at the University of Cambridge.

The research was largely funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust and Centre for Trophoblast Research.

ReferenceSandovici, I et al. The Imprinted Igf2-Igf2r Axis is Critical for Matching Placental Microvasculature Expansion to Fetal Growth. Developmental Cell; 10 Jan 2022: DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.005

Developmental Cell

Experimental study

Animals

The Imprinted Igf2-Igf2r Axis is Critical for Matching Placental Microvasculature Expansion to Fetal Growth

27-Dec-2021

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'Battle of the sexes' begins in womb as father and mother's genes tussle over nutrition - EurekAlert

Professor Awandare appointed as Pro VC, Academic and Student Affairs, University of Ghana – Myjoyonline

The Director of the West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Professor Gordon Akanzuwine Awandare has been confirmed as the University of Ghanas Pro Vice Chancellor, Academic and Student Affairs.

Professor Awindares appointment will take effect on January 1, 2022, during the 2021/2022 academic year.

Information available on the Universitys website indicates that Council, at its meeting held on 23rd December, 2021, considered and approved the appointment of Prof. Gordon Akanzuwine Awandare as Pro Vice-Chancellor, Academic and Student Affairs (ASA) with effect from 1st January, 2022

His appointment became necessary after his predecessor, Professor Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, was appointed as the new Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana.

Professor Awandare will serve a three year tenure after which hell be eligible for a second term of office.

Profile of Professor Gordon Akanzuwine Awandare

Gordon Akanzuwine Awandare is a Ghanaian parasitologist, Professor at the University of Ghana and Director of the West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP). He is the current interim chairman of the CKT-UTAS Governing Council and the Africa Global Editor of the Experimental Biology and Medicine (EBM) journal.

Gordon Awandare was born in Kandiga, a small village in North-Eastern Ghana. During childhood, he contracted malaria several times a year, at a time when treatment for the disease was scarce.

Awandare was awarded a BSc in Biochemistry in 1998 and an MPhil in Biochemistry in 2002 from the University of Ghana.

In 2007, he graduated with a PhD in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology from the School of Public Health, with a thesis on severe malarial anemia.

Following his doctoral studies, he spent three years at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (Maryland, USA), where he continued studying malaria, focusing on the Plasmodium falciparum parasite.

He returned to the University of Ghana in 2010 to establish his own research group. Without start-up funding, he used US credit cards to support his work whilst applying for grants, and two years later received funding from both the Royal Society and the National Institutes of Health.

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Professor Awandare appointed as Pro VC, Academic and Student Affairs, University of Ghana - Myjoyonline

Rapid immune response in children protects them from COVID-19, genetic study finds – Cambridge Network

The study, published today (22 December 2021) in Nature, is the most comprehensive single-cell study to compare SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and children across multiple organs. Researchers found that a stronger innate immune response in the airways of children, characterised by the rapid deployment of interferons, helped to restrict viral replication early on. In adults, a less rapid immune response meant the virus was better able to invade other parts of the body where the infection was harder to control.

As part of the Human Cell Atlas1 initiative to map every cell type in the human body, the findings will be a valuable contribution to predict personal risk from SARS-CoV-2. A nasal swab to measure the immune response in newly infected adults could be used to identify those at higher risk who may be candidates for pre-emptive monoclonal antibody treatment. Recent research has also suggested inhalation of interferons could be a viable therapy2.

The immune system that we are born with is not the same as the one we have as adults. The innate immune system of children is better able to recognise dangerous viruses or bacteria automatically, triggering nave B and T cells that can adapt to the threat. Adults have a more adaptive immune system containing a huge repertoire of memory B and T cell types, which have been trained through past exposure to respond to a particular threat3. Though the adult immune system also has an innate response, it is more active in children.

One of the key mechanisms of both immune systems is a group of proteins called interferons, which are released in the presence of viral or bacterial threats and tell nearby cells to tighten their defences. Interferons are proteins with strong anti-viral activity and their production will typically lead to the activation of B and T cells, which kill infected cells and prevent the pathogen from spreading further.

For this study, researchers at University College London (UCL) and affiliated hospitals4 collected and processed matched airway and blood samples from 19 paediatric and 18 adult COVID-19 patients with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe, as well as control samples from 41 healthy children and adults.

Single-cell sequencing of the samples was done at the Wellcome Sanger Institute to generate a dataset of 659,217 individual cells. These cells were then analysed, revealing 59 different cell types in airways and 34 cell types in blood, including some never previously described.

Analysis showed that interferons were more strongly expressed in healthy children compared to adults, with a more rapid immune response to infection in childrens airways. This would help to restrict viral replication early on and give children an immediate advantage in preventing the virus from infecting the blood and other organs.

Dr Masahiro Yoshida, a first author of the study from University College London, said: Because SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus, it isnt something that the adaptive immune system of adults has learned to respond to. The innate immune system of children is more flexible and better able to respond to new threats. What we see at a molecular level are high levels of interferons and a very quick immune response in children that helps to explain why they are less severely affected by COVID-19 than adults.

The study also detailed how the immune system of adults, with its high numbers of killer immune cells such as B and T cells, can work against the body once SARS-CoV-2 has spread to other parts of a patient.

Dr Marko Nikoli, a senior author of the study from University College London, MRC Intermediate Fellow and Honorary Consultant in Respiratory Medicine, said: Compared to children, adult blood has a greater number and variety of cytotoxic immune cells, which are designed to kill infected cells to prevent an infection spreading. But it is a fine line between helping and hindering. Once the virus has spread to several areas of the body, organ damage can be caused by the immune system trying and failing to control the infection. Our study shows that not only do children respond better initially, if the virus does enter the blood the cytotoxic response is less forceful.

Knowing exactly how and why the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 can fail to control the infection or start to harm the body provides scientists with the means to start asking why certain individuals may be at greater risk of serious illness.

These data suggest that newly diagnosed adults could be tested to check interferon levels in the airway. Higher interferon levels, similar to those found in children, would suggest a lower risk of severe disease, whereas low interferon levels would suggest higher risk. Higher risk patients could then be considered for pre-emptive treatments such as monoclonal antibodies, which are expensive and can be in limited supply.

In addition, there is growing evidence of the therapeutic benefits of inhaled interferon beta 1a. Based on the study results, this should be particularly the case for patients with weak or absent interferon activation.

Dr Kerstin Meyer, a senior author of the study from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, said: To put it simply, the innate immune response is better at fighting COVID-19 and children have stronger innate immunity, but immunity is also a complex ballet involving many types of cells. The timing and the types of cells that are triggered will influence how an infection develops, and this will vary between individuals for all sorts of reasons in addition to age. Some of the differences we observe between children and adults may help us to think about how we gauge personal risk for adults as a way of mitigating serious illness and death.

Jonah Cool, Program Officer for Single-Cell Biology at the Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative, said: The results are insightful not only for addressing COVID-19, but more broadly for understanding changes in the airway and blood throughout childhood. They demonstrate the power of single-cell resolution to reveal differences in the biology of children and adults, while pointing to very different considerations when thinking about how a specific disease arises and may be treated.

Image credit: AdobeStock

1 The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) is an international collaborative consortium which is creating comprehensive reference maps of all human cellsthe fundamental units of lifeas a basis for understanding human health and for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disease. The HCA will impact every aspect of biology and medicine, propelling translational discoveries and applications and ultimately leading to a new era of precision medicine. The HCA was co-founded in 2016 by Dr Sarah Teichmann at the Wellcome Sanger Institute (UK) and Dr Aviv Regev, then at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (USA). A truly global initiative, there are now more than 2,000 HCA members, from over 75 countries around the world. https://www.humancellatlas.org

2 For further information on these studies, see: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33189161/ and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7833737/

3 This article in The Atlantic is an informative and accessible primer on the human immune system and how it reacts to SARS-CoV-2.

4 UCL affiliated hospitals including Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College Hospital, Royal Free Hospitals and Whittington Hospital

Publication:

Masahiro Yoshida, Kaylee. B Worlock, Ni Huang and Rik G.H. Lindeboom et al. (2021). Local and systemic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04345-x

Originally posted here:
Rapid immune response in children protects them from COVID-19, genetic study finds - Cambridge Network