Category Archives: Cell Biology

Outlook on the Cell Isolation Global Market to 2026 – by Technique, Cell Type, Product, Application, End-use and Region – ResearchAndMarkets.com -…

December 16, 2021 medical

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Cell Isolation Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2021-2026" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global cell isolation market exhibited strong growth during 2015-2020. Looking forward, the publisher expects the market to grow at a CAGR of around 17% during 2021-2026.

Companies Mentioned

Keeping in mind the uncertainties of COVID-19, we are continuously tracking and evaluating the direct as well as the indirect influence of the pandemic on different end-use sectors. These insights are included in the report as a major market contributor.

Cell isolation, or separation, refers to the process of identifying and removing one or more specific cells from a heterogeneous mixture of cell population. The targeted cells are identified, isolated and separated according to their type. Some commonly used methods for cell isolation include magnet-activated cell separation, filtration, centrifugation and flow cytometry. Cell isolation is also used to diagnose diseases, cellular research and therapies by analyzing the ribonucleic acid (RNA) expressions. It aids in minimizing experimental complexity while analyzing the cells and reducing the interference from other cell types within the sample. As a result, it finds extensive application in cancer research, stem cell biology, immunology and neurology.

Significant growth in the medical and pharmaceutical industries is one of the key factors creating a positive outlook for the market. Furthermore, increasing emphasis on cell-based research is providing a thrust to the market growth. Researchers actively utilize isolated cells to develop novel cell therapies and cell-based treatments for various chronic medical ailments. Pharmaceutical manufacturers are also widely using cell isolation technologies to improve drug discovery and develop drugs with enhanced efficacies. In line with this, the increasing requirement for personalized medicines is also contributing to the growth of the market.

Additionally, the development of advanced separation tools for proteins, nucleic acids, chromatin and other complex cells for subsequent analysis is also contributing to the growth of the market. Other factors, including extensive research and development (R&D) activities in the field of biotechnology, along with the implementation of favorable government policies, are anticipated to drive the market toward growth.

Competitive Landscape:

The competitive landscape of the industry has also been examined along with the profiles of the key players being Alfa Laval AB, Becton Dickinson and Company, Beckman Coulter Inc. (Danaher Corporation), Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., General Electric Company, Merck KGaA, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, pluriSelect Life Science UG (haftungsbeschrankt) & Co. KG, Roche Holding AG, STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Terumo Corporation and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

Key Questions Answered in This Report:

Key Topics Covered:

1 Preface

2 Scope and Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Introduction

4.1 Overview

4.2 Key Industry Trends

5 Global Cell Isolation Market

5.1 Market Overview

5.2 Market Performance

5.3 Impact of COVID-19

5.4 Market Forecast

6 Market Breakup by Technique

7 Market Breakup by Cell Type

8 Market Breakup by Product

9 Market Breakup by Application

10 Market Breakup by End Use

11 Market Breakup by Region

12 SWOT Analysis

13 Value Chain Analysis

14 Porters Five Forces Analysis

15 Price Analysis

16 Competitive Landscape

16.1 Market Structure

16.2 Key Players

16.3 Profiles of Key Players

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/b2ndjc

Cell Biology

Chemistry professor researching genetic causes of schizophrenia: News at IU: Indiana University – IU Newsroom

December 16, 2021 medical

The genetic causes of schizophrenia have remained elusive to researchers, but Indiana University Bloomington chemistry professor Yan Yu is taking on that challenge as part of a collaborative effort involving three institutions.

Yu and her team of graduate students at IU will collaborate with labs at the University of California San Diego and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill on a one-year pilot program to identify the genes that cause schizophrenia.

The severe neuropsychiatric disorder affects 1 in 100 people worldwide -- more than 21 million people -- and affects daily functioning by causing people to interpret reality abnormally. Symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions and confused thinking, and schizophrenia increases the risk of premature death. Treatment is needed to control the disorder, and the researchers hope to aid those efforts with their discoveries.

"Once genes associated with schizophrenia are identified, drugs can then be developed to specifically target the receptors and signaling pathways that are encoded by those genes," said Yu, an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry in the College of Arts and Sciences.

Identifying the genes is challenging because many genetic variations are involved, and studies have identified 145 genomic regions where variation is associated with schizophrenia risk. Thus, understanding how combinations of schizophrenia-related mutations alter neuronal function is a big challenge, Yu said.

The pilot program is supported by a $165,000 award from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and administered by Research Corporation for Science Advancement. The award will be split evenly among the three labs. The funding is seed money to help the labs get preliminary results, Yu said, so they can compete for larger grants.

"The project is very ambitious as it brings together three labs in completely different fields," Yu said.

The multidisciplinary team will combine biosensors and advanced imaging from IU, precision genome editing from UC San Diego, and neuron cell biology from North Carolina. Yu has expertise in quantitative live-cell imaging and will determine how the schizophrenia-associated variations affect endosomal trafficking and degradation in neuronal cells. A Janus particle biosensor technique developed by Yu's lab is the foundation and centerpiece for the collaborative project, she said.

Alexis Komor, assistant professor of chemistry at UC San Diego, and Stephanie Gupton, associate professor of cell biology and physiology at North Carolina, are the other lead researchers on the project.

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Chemistry professor researching genetic causes of schizophrenia: News at IU: Indiana University - IU Newsroom

Cell Biology

Colorectal Cancer Patients May Have More Drug Options With Systems Approach to Biomarker Identification – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

December 16, 2021 medical

Some patients are not eligible for targeted treatments for colorectal cancer because they have cancer-promoting mutations that are believed to cause resistance to these drugs. Now, researchers combined mathematical modeling with experimental cancer cell biology to determine why KRAS G13D is a biomarker for sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies. This finding suggests that personalized medicine may benefit from using biomarkers based on biophysically defined subsets of mutations instead of gene-based and allele-based biomarker strategies.

The findings were published inCell Reports in the paper, Identification of RAS mutant biomarkers for EGFR inhibitor sensitivity using a systems biochemical approach.

Colorectal cancer patients who have tried all of the standard treatment options but still seen their cancer progress are in need of new options. Our study suggests that one already available targeted therapy could benefit up to 12,000 additional colon cancer patients every year, said Edward Stites, MD, PhD, assistant professor, integrative biology laboratory at the Salk Institute for Biological Sciences. Our findings are preclinical, and we hope this research will motivate clinicians to develop clinical trials that further examine our results.

Cetuximab was the first drug to gain FDA approval to block EGFR activity in colorectal cancer. Since then, other drugs that target EGFR also have received approval. But from the early development of these drugs, doctors believed that patients with a mutation in any one of the RAS proteins would not respond to EGFR drugs. Therefore, whenever molecular testing of a patients tumor revealed a RAS mutation, the patient was not offered these targeted therapies.

However, not all RAS mutations are the same. The critical mechanistic difference, the authors noted, between KRAS G13D and the other most common KRAS mutants is impaired binding to tumor suppressor Neurofibromin (NF1). The team hypothesized that impaired binding to NF1 is a biophysical biomarker that defines other RAS mutations that retain therapeutic sensitivity to EGFR inhibition.

The researchers combined computational and experimental approaches to find more RAS mutations that should not cause resistance to the EGFR drugs. Using cells from cancers that were identical except for specific RAS mutations allowed them to compare how each specific mutation influenced the response to EGFR-inhibiting drugs. They found that some RAS mutations did not prevent the drugs from working. These experiments also allowed them to validate their computational studies, which helps establish how new computational methods could contribute to improving treatment options for cancer patients.

The investigators also examined how well different RAS mutants bound to NF1. Stites previous mathematical models hinted that NF1 could play a key role in the cells response to targeted drugs. In their new studies, the researchers revealed that the RAS mutants that do not bind NF1 well retain sensitivity to EGFR drugs, while the RAS mutants that bind NF1 well are resistant to EGFR drugs. This relationship to EGFR drugs was not originally apparent, but the computational modeling was able to uncover it from within the available and varied data.

Ultimately, the investigators identified 10 distinct RAS mutations that do not preclude the use of EGFR inhibitors. Many of the drugs that would work for these mutations are already approved by the FDA for other uses, which means that doctors could start prescribing them for their patients off label even before clinical trials are conducted.

Stites stresses that this study also helps to validate the mathematical and computational methods developed by his team. Models can solve scientific problems that traditional methods cannot, he said. We hope that future clinical trials will help identify the magnitude of benefit as well as whether all the RAS mutations we identified are equally sensitive to the EGFR-inhibiting drugs and how other mutations in addition to RAS may influence the strength of the response.

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Colorectal Cancer Patients May Have More Drug Options With Systems Approach to Biomarker Identification - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

Cell Biology

Q&A: Dr. Thomas Rando on preventing age-related diseases and turning discoveries into cures – UCLA Newsroom

December 16, 2021 medical

For Dr. Thomas Rando, the path to becoming a physician-scientist began with something that he didnt learn in high school biology.

After one class that touched on the connections between neurons and muscle fibers, Rando took it upon to himself to find all the information he could about how cells communicate through electrical signals. Soon, he began pursuing that interest at Harvard University, where he completed his undergraduate work, a doctorate in cell and developmental biology and his medical degree.

Rando joined the neurology faculty at the Stanford University School of Medicine in 1995. There, he founded a clinic to treat patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy a muscle-wasting disease that affects approximately 1 in 5,000 boys in the U.S. and established a research program focused on muscular dystrophies, tissue repair and stem cell biology. For more than two decades, Randos lab also has studied the biology of aging. His work in that area was inspired by the patients he treated during his tenure as chief of neurology at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System.

Rando joined UCLA in October as director of the Eli and Edythe Broad Center ofRegenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research. In this interview, he addresses the future of his field, the importance of state support for stem cell research and what he might be doing if he had to choose another career. Answers have been edited for brevity and clarity.

What are your predictions for the future of aging research?

From my labs work and the work of others, it appears to be possible whether through diet or drugs or new technologies to restore youthful properties to old cells. And that gives us great hope that were on to something in terms of understanding the fundamental biological changes of aging that lead us to be susceptible to diseases like cancer, heart disease and dementia.

The No. 1 risk factor for all of these conditions is not the genes that you carry; its your age. And I think were close to understanding the biology of aging to the point where we can modify it to reduce an individuals susceptibility to these diseases.

Today, when we test the blood of seemingly healthy people and find they have high cholesterol, we offer them statins to reduce their risk of a future stroke or heart attack. I can see a day when a blood test can tell us a persons risk of developing Alzheimers disease, lung cancer, diabetes or any of the other age-related diseases, and then we can prescribe the right drugs to reduce their susceptibility.

And if we can achieve that, the goal will be to reduce their risk factors for age-related diseases so they can live a healthier, long life as opposed to just a longer life. So thats the focus of our research: Can we increase peoples healthspan so that as they get into their 70s, 80s, 90s, even their 100s, theyre still physically fit and mentally sharp?

In 2020, California voters passed Proposition 14, which allocated $5.5 billion to stem cell research. How will that help shape the field?

It will do two things. It will move the field forward at the right pace and lead to many more clinical trials of stem cell therapies. At the same time, it will advance basic science research, which will help us better understand the fundamental properties of stem cells and what they are capable of. I mean, stem cell research is still a relatively new field, and although weve learned a great deal in the past several decades, theres still so much we have yet to discover.

Were lucky to live in California, where voters agreed it was an important initiative, and I think it will turn out to be a financial boon for the state. There will be companies formed and diagnostics and therapeutics developed that will benefit the state enormously and, by extension, the country and the world.

What has surprised you about the research enterprise at UCLA?

When I was being recruited, many people touted UCLAs collaborative culture. Honestly, I had heard that before from a lot of places; thats a common thing for people to say. But I have never seen it more true than here at UCLA.

Ive seen the collaborations that have been established, and Ive seen the shared spaces and equipment these are things that really inspire and energize people. Thats the way science is moving anyway away from the individual investigator to cross-disciplinary team science. I shouldnt have been surprised because UCLA is known for this, but I was duly impressed. I couldnt ask for a better environment for a highly collaborative program like the Broad Stem Cell Research Center.

Why is collaboration so important in stem cell research?

We dont just do great research here; we turn discoveries into first-in-human therapies. My role as director, and the role of the center as a whole, is to identify disease areas in which UCLA has expertise and bring all of the relevant experts together to form a pipeline from basic science research to clinical application. And there are so many disciplines that intersect with stem cell biology: medicine, life and physical sciences, engineering and dentistry are just a few.

What excites you about living and working in Los Angeles?

Making sure the university is active in the Los Angeles community is written into the genome of people at UCLA. The university is and considers itself to be a real part of the fabric of L.A., and the city views it that way, too. Im really looking forward to expanding the stem cell centers outreach to local high schools and health organizations.

If you had to choose a career other than your own, what would you be doing?

Woodworking is the kind of craft that I think I could have easily turned into profession and I would have loved it. When I was a young scientist, I could spend hours and hours at the lab bench, forget what time it was and forget to eat. The only other place Ive ever experienced that is in a woodshop, where I could spend 12 hours working and be sorry that the day was over. I havent pursued that interest for a long time, but Ive always thought I would get back to it one day.

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Q&A: Dr. Thomas Rando on preventing age-related diseases and turning discoveries into cures - UCLA Newsroom

Cell Biology

Lyell Immunopharma Announces cGMP Qualification of LyFE Manufacturing Center in Advance of Initiating Clinical Programs – Yahoo Finance

December 16, 2021 medical

Lyells cGMP-compliant manufacturing facility, is designed to produce cell products at scale for upcoming clinical trials across its CAR, TIL and TCR programs

LyFE Manufacturing Center integrates digital data analytics into processes for real-time production monitoring and optimization

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., Dec. 15, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Lyell Immunopharma, Inc. (Lyell), (Nasdaq: LYEL), a T-cell reprogramming company dedicated to the mastery of T cells to cure patients with solid tumors, announced today that its LyFE Manufacturing Center in Bothell, Washington has been commissioned and qualified in compliance with the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations (FDAs) Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP).

The cGMP qualification confirms Lyell has the proper design, monitoring and control of its manufacturing facility. Since becoming operational in April 2021, the LyFE Center has completed successful engineering runs at scale in support of the Companys planned upcoming clinical trials.

We are advantageously positioned with qualified manufacturing infrastructure that we own and control to support consistent and reliable manufacture of cell products for our upcoming clinical trials, said Liz Homans, Chief Executive Officer of Lyell. We believe that combining cGMP manufacturing with our deep understanding of T-cell biology will help us achieve our vision of curing patients with solid tumors.

With 70,000 square feet of space, the LyFE Manufacturing Center provides several key capabilities for cell therapy manufacturing. The facility utilizes electronic systems with advanced data and analytics for real-time feedback, batch monitoring and process optimization. To support its digital manufacturing capabilities, Lyell collaborates with Amazon Web Services (AWS). The LyFE Manufacturing Center is one of the first cell therapy manufacturing facilities to benefit from AWS's extensive experience with cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced analytics.

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Lyell is dedicated to developing safe and effective cell therapies for patients by investing in innovative operations and technology, including our LyFE Manufacturing Center that is designed to support a broad pipeline and is now qualified to support cGMP manufacturing standards, said Stephen Hill, Chief Operating Officer of Lyell. Integrating digital systems into our manufacturing operations means quicker access to data, leading to faster recognition and implementation of process improvements.

About Lyell Immunopharma, Inc.

Lyell is a T-cell reprogramming company dedicated to the mastery of T cells to cure patients with solid tumors. The Company focuses on addressing what it believes are the primary barriers that limit consistent, reliable, and curative responses to adoptive T-cell therapy: T-cell exhaustion and lack of durable stemness, which includes proliferative capacity, ability to self-renew and ability to differentiate and eliminate solid tumors. Lyell is applying its proprietary ex vivo genetic and epigenetic reprogramming technology platforms, Gen-R and Epi-R, to address these barriers in order to develop new medicines with improved, durable, and potentially curative clinical outcomes. Lyell is based in South San Francisco, California and Seattle and Bothell, Washington. To learn more, please visit http://www.Lyell.com.

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements expressed or implied in this press release include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: Lyells ability to produce cell products at scale for upcoming clinical trials across the Companys CAR, TIL and TCR programs; the integration of digital systems into our manufacturing operations and whether such integration will result in quicker access to data and faster recognition and implementation of process improvements; Lyells ownership and control of manufacturing infrastructure to support consistent and reliable manufacture of cell products for upcoming clinical trials; Lyells vision of curing patients with solid tumors; the therapeutic potential of Lyells product candidates; and other statements that are not historical fact. These statements are based on Lyells current plans, objectives, estimates, expectations and intentions, are not guarantees of future performance and inherently involve significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of these risks and uncertainties, which include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties related to: the effects of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic; Lyells ability to submit planned INDs on the anticipated timing or at all; initiation of planned clinical trials and enrollment of patients in its future clinical trials; Lyells ability to manufacture and supply its product candidates for its future clinical trials; the preclinical profiles of Lyells product candidates not translating in clinical trials; the potential for results from clinical trials to differ from preclinical, early clinical, preliminary or expected results; significant adverse events, toxicities or other undesirable side effects associated with Lyells product candidates; the significant uncertainty associated with Lyells product candidates ever receiving any regulatory approvals; Lyells ability to obtain, maintain, or protect intellectual property rights related to its product candidates; implementation of Lyells strategic plans for its business and product candidates; the sufficiency of Lyells capital resources and need for additional capital to achieve its goals; and other risks, including those described under the heading Risk Factors in Lyells Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 and Lyells future reports to be filed with the SEC. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release are made as of this date, and Lyell undertakes no duty to update such information except as required under applicable law.

Contact:Ellen RoseVice President, Communications and Investor Relationserose@lyell.com

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Lyell Immunopharma Announces cGMP Qualification of LyFE Manufacturing Center in Advance of Initiating Clinical Programs - Yahoo Finance

Cell Biology

Ethical issues cloud case report of unproven stem cell therapy for autism – Spectrum

December 16, 2021 medical

Cell service: Parent reports suggest that a stem cell therapy eased their childrens autism traits, but experts remain skeptical.

Cavan Images / Getty Images

Undisclosed financial conflicts of interest and a lack of proper clearance mar a new study that injected four autistic children with stem cells from their own bone marrow, bioethicists say.

The study, which was published in October in Frontiers in Pediatrics, did not undergo ethical review and approval by an institutional review board (IRB), a critical step for research involving human participants.

While Im not familiar with their local or institutional regulations, in my view international standards would require prior institutional review and approval for this kind of experimental intervention, says Paul Knoepfler, professor of cell biology and human anatomy at the University of California, Davis, who has blogged critically about stem cell treatments for autism. Theres also no good rationale for the experimental treatment they used, which would have been something that an IRB also discussed, Knoepfler says.

Whats more, the study investigators did not disclose their ties to an Austrian clinic that sells the unproven therapy, nor did they disclose that the four childrens families paid to receive the injections possible financial conflicts of interest. An unrelated 2019 study of an unproven stem cell therapy for autism was retracted last week after similarly failing to disclose that its participants had paid to receive the treatment.

The new studys lead investigator Georg Kobinia, director of the Austrian Society for Regenerative Medicine, does not dispute that the participants families paid for his stem cell procedures. In response to emailed questions from Spectrum, Kobinia confirmed that the participants families had paid to receive the injections, but he did not answer questions about how much the procedure cost.

The treatments were ethically justifiable, he told Spectrum, because they were performed only after other autism therapies had failed to produce changes in the childrens behavior and co-occurring physical conditions.

Still, the largest placebo-controlled clinical trial of a stem cell treatment for autism to date showed no meaningful benefits, which raises questions about the rationale for Kobinias teams approach.

The children in the new study, who ranged from 3 to 14 years old, received the stem cell injections at Kobinias medical office, Stem Cell Therapy-Vienna, in Austria. While the children were sedated, Kobinia and his team extracted bone marrow from each childs hip bone, separated out the stem cells and then administered them back to each child via both a spinal tap and an intravenous infusion.

Before the treatment and at three-month intervals during the following year, the researchers asked the childrens parents to fill out the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist, a questionnaire that asks about changes in a childs autism-related behaviors. None of the childrens parents reported outcomes at all five time points.

All four childrens scores decreased after treatment, suggesting a reduction in autism traits and the severity of co-occurring physical issues. For instance, parents of one child reported improvement in their sons digestive issues, which autistic people experience at higher rates than their non-autistic peers do.

The team describes its work as promising. But the case series does not compare the four treated children with placebo or treatment-as-usual controls, so it is not clear how they can say that or draw any firm conclusions, Knoepfler says. Theres still a long way to go before the field gets to the point where people are convinced that this is an effective treatment.

Whats more, parent-reported outcomes can be unreliable, introducing several types of bias into a study, says Kristen Bottema-Beutel, associate professor of teaching, curriculum and society at Boston College in Massachusetts. Parents are invested in seeing their child gain from an intervention and may change the way they interact with their child, which can lead to positive changes a form of bias called placebo-by-proxy, she says. And parents so want their children to benefit from an intervention that, even in the absence of real improvements, they can subconsciously provide higher ratings on post-intervention reports, an issue known as detection bias. Bottema-Beutel studiesconflicts of interest in autism researchand is sometimes paid to speak on the topic.

Kobinia says that the stem cell injection he and his colleagues used does not constitute an experimental therapy and therefore does not require approval by an IRB. He also says that the retrospective nature of the case report precludes these procedures being classified as trials.

But for the case series to be retrospective, the children would have had to receive the stem cells with ethical approval for a different condition, Knoepfler says. Then, Kobinia and his team would have had to dig into the data after the fact to find out whether the procedure had inadvertently improved their autism-related behavioral traits.

Otherwise, anyone could do human experiments without IRB approval and then just claim that since reporting about it in a manuscript came later, that no IRB approval was needed, he says.

Additionally, despite conducting the treatments in a medical office that sells stem cell therapies for various conditions, and even though families paid for the procedure, Kobinia and his colleagues reported in their study that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. In response to Spectrums questions about this, Kobinia says there was no conflict, as a doctors office is not a company or clinic.

But the conflict-of-interest issue is not addressed by claiming a doctors office location, says Arthur Caplan, director of medical ethics at New York University in New York City. That is laughable.

Cite this article: https://doi.org/10.53053/ARWI8127

Link:
Ethical issues cloud case report of unproven stem cell therapy for autism - Spectrum

Cell Biology

A potential protector against a mild heart attack’s aftereffects on metabolism – The Ohio State University News

December 16, 2021 medical

A new study in mice shows transplanted brown fat can reduce type 2 diabetes risk factors after a heart attack, an encouraging finding for scientists who hope to apply the so-called good fats beneficial properties to drugs that can help prevent health problems.

In the study, transplanting brown fat tissue into the abdomens of obese mice protected the animals from developing glucose intolerance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, after a mild heart attack.

Gene activation linked to negative effects after the heart attack was dampened in the transplanted mice, suggesting that brown fat or adipose tissue talks to other tissue in the body in ways that affect a variety of metabolism-related processes. The research team is continuing to tease out the substances and mechanisms behind that cross talk and how it affects whole-body physiology.

In this study, the mice transplanted with brown adipose tissue were still obese but more metabolically healthy. The heart attack-induced glucose intolerance was negated by brown adipose tissue. The findings make a pretty powerful statement, said senior study author Kristin Stanford, associate professor of physiology and cell biology in The Ohio State University College of Medicine.

We think brown fat is secreting something, and if we can identify whats being released we can target that as a therapeutic.

The research is published online in the International Journal of Obesity.

Clinical research has shown that after a mild heart attack, people are more likely to develop insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, and are consequently more susceptible to having a second heart attack. Stanford said that what remains unclear is the cause for those increased risks: Does the first cardiac event itself make people more insulin resistant, or does the condition develop because people tend to be more sedentary after a heart attack?

Our primary thought process was, if we could improve glucose metabolism and reduce insulin resistance, would that have a protective effect later? said Stanford, whose lab is based in Ohio States Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute.

All mice in the study were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before being divided into experimental or control groups. Researchers transplanted brown fat from donor mice into the abdomens of the experimental group. Sixteen weeks later, half of all of the mice underwent a surgery in which one coronary artery was obstructed, inducing a mild heart attack.

The mice, all males, were kept on the high-fat diet and monitored for 24 weeks after the heart attack. At this point, the mice that had a heart attack but did not receive brown adipose tissue transplants had developed type 2 diabetes. The mice that had received brown adipose tissue transplants, while still obese, maintained normal glucose tolerance.

These results showed brown adipose tissue was protective against glucose intolerance even throughout the duration of the heart attack and the massive high-fat diet these mice were on for 40 or so weeks, Stanford said.

The transplanted tissue had additional long-term protective effects against problems seen in other mice after the heart attack, staving off an increase in the size of the hearts left ventricular chamber a sign of scarring that can lead to heart failure and preventing a drop in exercise tolerance.

Brown fat is known for its heat-generating properties it helps keep babies warm, for example but is hard to come by in the adult human body, with small amounts interspersed between the shoulder blades.

Stanfords lab had previously shown that exercise can drive up a beneficial lipid that comes from brown fat, a finding that helped explain how exercise boosts metabolism at the cellular level.

We didnt know whether brown adipose tissue would increase duration of exercise, and it did, suggesting that it improves whole-body health, which is an important marker, she said. We still need to figure out whether the protection comes from something secreted from the brown fat or from just increasing its mass.

The transplantation method could help the researchers in their pursuit of the tissue cross talk theory. Brown fat tissue was lodged in the animals abdomens among folds of visceral white adipose tissue the far more abundant type of fat in mammals bodies.

The team analyzed post-heart attack changes in expression of almost 100 genes linked to inflammation, scarring, insulin signaling, glucose metabolism and specific cell functions in the brown and white fat, the liver, heart and muscles of all of the mice. The increased presence of brown fat negated a host of damaging post-heart attack gene activations, leading the researchers to suggest that brown fat could be a key to preventing metabolic changes that harm the health of obese patients with cardiovascular disease.

Our hope is that we could eventually translate that to see how increasing brown adipose tissue could be a potential therapeutic in humans to protect them against insulin resistance or subsequent heart attacks, Stanford said.

Our data show that brown fat is affecting other tissues were just not exactly sure how. There could be several subtle changes working together as opposed to one direct tissue being modified, she said. Brown fat is such a small tissue, but it is so active.

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the American Heart Association.

Co-authors, all from Ohio State, include Carmem Peres Valgas da Silva, Vikram Shettigar, Lisa Baer, Eaman Abay, Kendra Madaris, Mikayla Mehling, Diego Hernandez-Saavedra, Kelsey Pinckard, Nickolai Seculov and Mark Ziolo.

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A potential protector against a mild heart attack's aftereffects on metabolism - The Ohio State University News

Cell Biology

Fate Therapeutics Showcases Positive Interim Phase 1 Data from FT596 Off-the-shelf, iPSC-derived CAR NK Cell Program for Relapsed / Refractory B-cell…

December 16, 2021 medical

5 of 6 Patients Achieve Objective Response, including 4 Patients with Complete Response, with Single Dose of FT596 at 900 Million Cells in Combination with Rituximab

13 of 19 Patients Achieve Objective Response with Single Dose of FT596 at 90 Million and 300 Million Cell Dose; 10 of 11 Patients Treated with a Second FT596 Cycle Continue in Ongoing Response, with 3 Patients in Ongoing Complete Response at 6 Months Follow-up; Additional 2 Patients Reach 6 Months in Complete Response

FT596 Treatment Regimens were Well-tolerated; No Dose-limiting Toxicities, and No Adverse Events of Any Grade of ICANS or GVHD, were Observed; Three Low-grade Adverse Events of CRS Resolved without Intensive Care Treatment

Company to Host Virtual Investor Event Tomorrow at 8:00 AM Eastern Time

SAN DIEGO, Dec. 13, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Fate Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: FATE), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of programmed cellular immunotherapies for cancer, today showcased positive interim Phase 1 data from the Companys FT596 program for patients with relapsed / refractory B-cell lymphoma (BCL) at the 63rd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting and Exposition. FT596 is the Companys off-the-shelf, multi-antigen targeted, iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cell product candidate derived from a clonal master induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line engineered with three anti-tumor functional modalities: a proprietary chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) optimized for NK cell biology that targets B-cell antigen CD19; a novel high-affinity, non-cleavable CD16 (hnCD16) Fc receptor that has been modified to prevent its down-regulation and to enhance its binding to tumor-targeting antibodies; and an IL-15 receptor fusion (IL-15RF) that augments NK cell activity.

The interim dose-escalation clinical data from our FT596 program in relapsed / refractory B-cell lymphoma demonstrate that off-the-shelf, iPSC-derived CAR NK cells can bring substantial therapeutic benefit to heavily pre-treated patients in urgent need of therapy, with high response rates and meaningful duration of responses, said Scott Wolchko, President and Chief Executive Officer of Fate Therapeutics. We are particularly pleased with the therapeutic profile that has emerged with FT596 in combination with rituximab, where over half of the patients treated with a single dose of FT596 at higher dose levels achieved a complete response with a favorable safety profile that is clearly differentiated from CAR T-cell therapy. We look forward to assessing a two-dose treatment schedule for FT596 to further define its potential best-in-class therapeutic profile and ability to reach more patients, including those earlier in care.

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The ongoing Phase 1 study in relapsed / refractory BCL is assessing a single dose of FT596 as monotherapy (Monotherapy Arm) and in combination with a single dose of rituximab (375 mg/m2) (Combination Arm) following three days of conditioning chemotherapy (500 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide and 30 mg/m2 of fludarabine). Certain patients are eligible for re-treatment with a second, single-dose cycle.

The ASH presentation (Session 704Cellular Immunotherapies: Expanding Targets and Cellular Sources for Immunotherapies, Abstract 823) includes clinical data from 25 evaluable patients for safety (n=12 in Monotherapy Arm; n=13 in Combination Arm) in the first, second, and third single-dose cohorts of 30 million, 90 million, and 300 million cells, respectively, of which 24 patients were also evaluable for efficacy (n=12 in Monotherapy Arm; n=12 in Combination Arm), as of the data cutoff date of October 11, 2021. These 25 patients had received a median of four prior lines of therapy and a median of two prior lines containing CD20-targeted therapy. Of the 25 patients, 15 patients (60%) had aggressive B-cell lymphoma, 15 patients (60%) were refractory to most recent prior therapy, and 8 patients (32%) were previously treated with autologous CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. Subsequent to the data cutoff date for the ASH presentation, an additional patient in the third single-dose cohort of the Combination Arm was evaluable for initial anti-tumor response, and seven patients in the fourth single-dose cohort of 900 million cells (n=1 in Monotherapy Arm; n=6 in Combination Arm) were evaluable for safety and initial anti-tumor response.

Single-dose, Single-cycle Response Data

In the second, third, and fourth dose cohorts of the Monotherapy and Combination Arms comprising a total of 26 patients, 18 patients (69%) achieved an objective response, including 12 patients (46%) that achieved a complete response, on Day 29 following a single dose of FT596 (see Table 1). Nine of these 26 patients were previously treated with autologous CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy and, of these nine patients, six achieved an objective response (67%) on Day 29 following a single dose of FT596. Notably, in the third and fourth dose cohorts of the Combination Arm comprising a total of 12 patients, nine patients (75%) achieved an objective response, including seven patients (58%) that achieved a complete response, on Day 29 following a single dose of FT596.

Durability of Response Data

The ASH presentation includes durability of response data from 13 responding patients in the second and third single-dose cohorts of 90 million cells and 300 million cells (n=9 in Monotherapy Arm; n=10 in Combination Arm). As of the data cutoff date of October 11, 2021, 10 patients continued in ongoing response, including three patients in ongoing complete response at least six months from initiation of treatment; two patients reached six months in complete response and subsequently had disease progression; and one patient had disease progression prior to six months. Of these 13 responding patients:

Monotherapy Arm (n=7 responding patients). Five patients, all of whom were treated with a second FT596 single-dose cycle with the consent of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), continued in ongoing response at a median follow-up of 4.1 months, including one patient in ongoing complete response at 8.1 months; one patient, who was treated with only one FT596 single-dose cycle, reached six months in complete response and subsequently had disease progression at 6.5 months; and one patient, who was treated with only one FT596 single-dose cycle, had disease progression at 1.7 months.

Combination Arm (n=6 responding patients). Five patients, all of whom were treated with a second FT596 single-dose cycle with the consent of the FDA, continued in ongoing response at a median follow-up of 4.6 months, including two patients in ongoing complete response at 6.0 and 10.8 months; and one patient, who was treated with a second FT596 single-dose cycle with the consent of the FDA, reached six months in complete response and subsequently had disease progression at 6.7 months.

Table 1. FT596 Interim Phase 1 Data Day 29 Response Assessment 1

1 Dose x 1 Cycle

Monotherapy(n=13)

Combination(n=19)

Single-dose Level Cohorts (Cells)

30M

1/3 (33%)

0/3 (0%)

90M

3/4 (75%)

2/4 (50%)

300M 2

4/5 (80%)

4/6 (67%)

900M 2

0/1 (0%)

5/6 (83%)

aCD19 History (90M Cells)

n=10

n=16

Nave

7/9 (78%)

5/8 (63%)

Prior

0/1 (0%)

6/8 (75%)

Disease Histology (90M Cells)

n=10

n=16

Aggressive

1/3 (33%)

6/11 (55%)

Mantle cell

0/1 (0%)

2/2 (100%)

Indolent

6/6 (100%)

3/3 (100%)

aCD19 = autologous CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy; Aggressive = diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Grade 3b follicular lymphoma, Richters transformation, and high-grade B-cell lymphoma; CR = complete response; Indolent = splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma, non-Grade 3b follicular lymphoma, Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia, and small lymphocytic lymphoma; M = million; OR = objective response1 As of data cutoff date of October 11, 2021, unless otherwise noted. Objective response and complete response are based on Cycle 1 Day 29 protocol-defined response assessment per Lugano 2014 criteria. Data subject to source document verification.2 Cycle 1 Day 29 protocol-defined response assessment completed subsequent to data cutoff date for one patient in the third single-dose cohort of 300 million cells in the Combination Arm and seven patients in the fourth single-dose cohort of 900 million cells (n=1 in Monotherapy Arm; n=6 in Combination Arm).

Safety Data

The FT596 treatment regimens were well tolerated, including in those patients treated with a second, single-dose cycle. No dose-limiting toxicities, and no treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of any grade of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) or graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) were observed. Three low-grade adverse events (two Grade 1, one Grade 2) of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) were reported, which were of limited duration and resolved without intensive care treatment (see Table 2).

The Company has initiated enrollment of a two-dose treatment schedule in the Combination Arm, with FT596 administered on Day 1 and Day 15 at 900 million cells per dose. Patients with clinical benefit following administration of the first two-dose cycle are eligible for re-treatment with a second two-dose cycle. Additionally, patients with clinical response are eligible for re-treatment following disease progression.

Table 2. FT596 Interim Phase 1 Data TEAEs of Interest

n (%)

Monotherapy(n=13)

Combination(n=19)

All Grade

Grade 3+

All Grade

Grade 3+

CRS

1 (8%)

---

2 (11%)

---

ICANS

---

GvHD

---

Continued here:
Fate Therapeutics Showcases Positive Interim Phase 1 Data from FT596 Off-the-shelf, iPSC-derived CAR NK Cell Program for Relapsed / Refractory B-cell...

Cell Biology

Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to pour $3.4B over 10 years into AI, imaging and other tech to unravel biomedical challenges – FierceBiotech

December 16, 2021 medical

Five years into its lofty goal of funding projects to cure, prevent or manage all disease within our childrens lifetime, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiatives Biohub is getting a major boost.

The philanthropic initiativeled by the husband-and-wife duo of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan, M.D., formerly a practicing pediatricianunveiled this week a 10-year plan to invest $3.4 billion in the development of new technologies and tools that help improve our understanding of human health and disease.

Between $800 million and $1 billion of the new funds will go to the Biohub, a CZI spokesperson told ABC News. The San Francisco-based research hub launched in 2016 with an initial commitment of about $600 million. Its first projects included the construction of the Cell Atlas, a map of the various types of cells that control each major organ, and the creation of the Infectious Disease Initiative to develop new diagnostic tests and vaccines to treat HIV, Ebola, Zika and other fast-spreading diseases.

The new funding will extend the hubs operations to at least 2031. Another $1 billion, meanwhile, will help create the CZ Biohub Network, which will fund and build new research centers focused on long-term biomedical projects, with the first groundbreaking slated for 2023.

Motivated in no small part by the pandemic, CZ Biohub will double down on efforts in both infectious disease and basic science by creating new technology platforms, foundational datasets and pipelines for cell biology at scale, while also expanding our pathogen detection efforts domestically and abroad, said Joe DeRisi, president of the research center.

RELATED: Zuckerberg and Chan latest wealthy philanthropists to attempt to cure all disease

Outside of the Biohub, CZI is devoting hundreds of millions more to establishing two other R&D facilities.

In addition to expanding our support for our core scientific programs in neurodegeneration, single-cell biology, imaging, open science, rare disease research and infectious disease research, over the next 10 years, CZI Science will focus on building new tools and technologies to measure human biology in action to benefit human health, Chan said in a statement.

To that end, the Chan Zuckerberg Institute for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, for one, will spend the next 15 years uniting a range of scientists and technologistswith expertise in areas spanning artificial intelligence to physics to biomedical engineeringto develop new imaging systems that give clinicians a clearer view of the inner workings of the human body. Itll receive between $600 million and $900 million to fund this work.

Finally, CZI will allot $500 million to the Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, named for Zuckerbergs mother and based at Harvard University. There, researchers will study both artificial and human intelligence, using the latter to inform the development of new, smarter AI that learns, remembers, senses and adapts like the human brain.

RELATED: Chan Zuckerberg Initiative launches $17M digital imaging research program

To measure the human body in action with spatial accuracy, biochemical specificity and dynamic precision, we are going to need new instruments and analytical tools, said Zuckerberg.

"How can the application of artificial intelligence to biological imaging create new insights into how cells and tissues function? How do interactions between cancer cells, surrounding tissues and the immune system promote or prevent tumor growth? How do the brain and the body communicate to regulate physiological and emotional states? he continued. Working with the scientific community, we will create the teams, build the instruments and validate the uses that make these and other breakthroughs possible.

Cell Biology

Live Cell Imaging Market Size, Future Trends, Current Growth 2022, Emerging Technologies, Global Regions with Industry Share Analysis, Gross Margin,…

December 16, 2021 medical

Report Ocean presents a new report on Live Cell Imaging Market size, share, growth, industry trends, and forecast 2030, covering various industry elements and growth trends helpful for predicting the markets future.

Live cell imaging technology helps in studying live cells with the help of images taken from imaging systems, including high content screening systems and microscopes. To better understand the cells biological function by examining cellular dynamics, scientists have widely used this method. Many researchers have broadly accepted the technology of live cell imaging to gain better knowledge about cell biology in the past few years.

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The Live Cell Imaging Market is anticipated to grow at the rate of 9.1% CAGR by 2027. One of the prominent factors fueling the rising demand for this technology is the increasing concern for cancer. Few other factors including government initiatives to promote cell-based research, a wide range of applications of live cell imaging, increasing deployment of live cell imaging to understand dynamic processes and cellular structures, and to study various aspects such as cellular integrity, localization of molecules, enzyme activity, protein trafficking, exocytosis and endocytosis among others are likely to stimulate the market growth. However, the cost of implementing live cell imaging is huge, which is acting as a constraint for the market growth.

Live Cell Imaging Market based on ProductEquipmentConsumableSoftware

Live Cell Imaging Market based on ApplicationCell BiologyDevelopmental BiologyStem Cell & Drug DiscoveryOthers

Live Cell Imaging Market based on TechnologyTime-lapse MicroscopyFluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)High content screening (HCS)Others

Live Cell Imaging Market based on GeographyNorth AmericaEuropeAsia PacificRest of the World

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Based on the product, the equipment segment has dominated the market. However, immense research being carried out to develop microscopes of higher resolution is likely to boost the segment growth. Advanced technologies such as inverted research-grade microscopes have allowed imaging of adherent cells and organelles and produce outcomes for tissue sections of less than 5 um thickness. Advanced developments are also enabling imaging of the cells in spatial resolutions within a time range.

The cell biology segment is leading the market on the basis of application. This is due to the increasing number of researchers working on molecular interaction networks. In addition, filter techniques and advanced illumination devices are innovations that further allow the procedure. Moreover, cell biologists use live cell imaging to understand the basic cellular structures and their interaction on the tissue level.

Further, the fluorescence resonance energy transfer segment is the significant segment based on the technology in the market. This is due to its advantage in ascertaining the spatial proximity at the protein level, which fluorescence microscopy cannot obtain. Furthermore, this technology has gained popularity in recent years due to its increasing application in genetic targeting peptides.

North America region is having a significant position in the market based on geography. The significant position is attributed to the rising demand for live cell imaging for drug discovery and increased products launched in this region. In drug discovery, the live cell imaging system helps understand the processes of cells, which offers an intensified picture of drug pharmacology.

Escalating demand of live cell imaging systems in drug discovery and government investments for evolution and advancements in live cell imaging systems are few major factors driving the growth of the global live cell imaging market. However, as knowing cellular structure and dynamic processes can be complicated in cell biology, the live cell imaging system solves this problem. Furthermore, as live cell usually offers more relevant information, it offers data about cell interaction, the behavior of single cells, and dynamics of cell organelles.

The leading vendors of the live cell imaging market are Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Nikon Instruments Inc., Molecular Devices, LLC, BioTek Instruments, Inc., PerkinElmer Inc., Bruker Corporation, General Electric, Olympus Corporation, CYTOSKELETON, INC. and Merck KGaA.

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Henceforth, live cell imaging technology has changed the way biologists study cells, proteins, and various processes and molecular interactions. Moreover, live cell imaging technology is majorly helpful in cell biology, which is a key concept in understanding the functions of cells.This report identifies the regions and segments projected to witness the highest CAGR rate and lead the market.The report also provides the analysis of geography focusing on the consumption of the product/service in the region coupled with the factors impacting the market in each region.This report gives the competitive outlook, which consists of the market ranking of the key players.Further present the information of recent product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions of the market vendors.

What are the aspects of this report that relate to regional analysis?

The reports geographical regions include North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa.The report provides a comprehensive analysis of market trends, including information on usage and consumption at the regional level.Reports on the market include the growth rates of each region, which includes their countries, over the coming years.How are the key players in the market assessed?This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leading competitors in the market.The report includes information about the key vendors in the market.The report provides a complete overview of each company, including its profile, revenue generation, cost of goods, and products manufactured.The report presents the facts and figures about market competitors, alongside the viewpoints of leading market players.A market report includes details on recent market developments, mergers, and acquisitions involving the key players mentioned.

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Live Cell Imaging Market Size, Future Trends, Current Growth 2022, Emerging Technologies, Global Regions with Industry Share Analysis, Gross Margin,...