Category Archives: Cell Biology

Cell Biology

Medical Imaging Market to Grow at Robust CAGR in the COVID-19 Lockdown Scenario – Cole of Duty

The global market for medical imaging should grow from $34.1 billion in 2018 to reach $43.6 billion by 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1% for the period of 2018-2023.

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Report Scope:

The scope of this report is broad and covers various types of products available in the medical imaging instruments market and potential application sectors across various industries. The medical imaging instruments market is broken down into product types such as X-ray systems, ultrasound devices, MRI, CT and nuclear imaging. Revenue forecasts from 2018 to 2023 are given for each product type, technologies, application and end users with estimated valued derived from the revenue of manufacturers total revenues.

The report also includes a discussion of the major players across each regional medical imaging instrument market. It explains the major drivers and regional dynamics of the global medical imaging instruments market and current trends within the industry. An analysis of the regulatory scenario that governs the medical imaging industry is also included in the scope of this report.

The report concludes with a special focus on the vendor landscape and includes detailed profiles of the major vendors in the global medical imaging instruments market.

Report Includes:

101 data tables and 108 additional tables Country specific data and analysis for United States, Canada, Mexico, U.K., Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, China, India, South Korea, Australia, Middle East, Africa and Latin America Detailed description of innovative imaging modalities such as mammography and 3D ultrasonic holography Identification of research areas for biomedical imaging and applications of biophotonics and biomedical imaging in research Comparative study of focused ultrasound with an ideal surgical tool and study challenges that need to be addressed in global medical imaging instruments market to achieve fiscal succes Identification of various strategies adopted by market players to enhance their market position, including expansion, product launch, acquisition and merger, innovation, partnership and joint venture Company profiles of major players in the market, including Agfa Healthcare, Boston Scientific, Bruker Corp., Canon, Inc. and GE Healthcare

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Summary

Due to the prevalence of chronic diseases coupled with the increasing geriatric population and number of road accidents, stronger demand for better imaging has emerged. Chronic diseases such as cancer, strokes, neurodegenerative diseases, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), cardiovascular diseases and others require imaging of body parts for proper diagnosis of the disease.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the major diseases that lead most NCD (noncommunicable diseases) deaths are cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases and diabetes, accounting for more than 80% of all premature NCD deaths. NCDs claim 40 million deaths each year and account for approximately 70% of global deaths. Such high instances of chronic diseases require improved and advanced imaging technologies such as MRI, ultrasound and others. Also, the number of road accidents calls for the imaging technologies in cases of major and minor fractures.

According to the World Health Organization (Switzerland), nearly 1.24 million people throughout the world die each year due to road traffic crashes that equates to ~3,400 deaths per day. Imaging instruments find huge application in cases of fractures. Factors such as prevalence of chronic diseases and an increasing geriatric population, coupled with increasing demand of 3D medical imaging equipment, are also providing traction to the global medical imaging instruments market.

Companies are focusing on the continuous development of products that support novel imaging technologies such as colored and 3D imaging due to their rising demand. Surging investments on technological advancements for increasing resolution and pixel capabilities, wider disease detection capabilities and more advanced software can be observed in the market. For instance, in 2017, Royal Philips (Netherlands) announced a new MRI system, MR Prodiva 1.5T, with enhanced clinical performance, workflow, and capability of 2D and 3D scans. Similarly, launched in November 2017 by NPL (National Physical Laboratory), 3D OrbiSIMSis a molecular imaging instrument used to explore potentials under cell biology and drug discovery.

The imaging technologies are used across various end users including hospitals, diagnostic centers and research centers. In hospitals, the imaging instruments are used for imaging body parts in cases of chronic diseases or accidents. In diagnostic centers, the imaging instruments are widely adopted for diagnosing a particular body part or the whole body. The imaging instruments are used for molecular imaging in the research centers for drug discovery purposes.

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The global medical imaging market is projected to rise at a CAGR of REDACTED during the forecast period of 2018-2023. By 2023, total revenue is expected to reach nearly REDACTED, with an increase of REDACTED from REDACTED in 2017.

The report provides an analysis based on each product type segment, which includes X-ray systems, magnetic resource imaging equipment/instruments, CT scanners, ultrasound systems and nuclear imaging equipment/instruments.

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Medical Imaging Market to Grow at Robust CAGR in the COVID-19 Lockdown Scenario - Cole of Duty

Cell Biology

Biomedicals big year: Grants fund research on skin, heart cells, cancer and more – Binghamton University

By Chris Kocher

June 18, 2020

The Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Department of Biomedical Engineering has earned nearly $4 million in grants from 201820 (as of March 2020). Associate Professor Sha Jin alone received three grants totaling $1.2 million for her diabetes research. Funding agencies include the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Guy German

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

RESEARCH TOPIC: HUMAN SKIN

THE GOAL: Understanding how different factors can cause the mechanical properties of our skin to change. The human body has many barriers, and skin is arguably the most important, protecting us from the external environment. When skin becomes broken or ruptured, that barrier is lost. It can be caused by surgical incisions, penetrating trauma, diseases that cause lesions and chapping from cold environments. German explores how bacteria can degrade integrity; the effects of chronological- and photo-aging; and how to create bio-inspired materials that control crack propagation and the movement of fluids on their surfaces.

Tracy Hookway

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

RESEARCH TOPIC: HEART CELLS

THE GOAL: Turning stem cells into functioning cardiac cells.

The human heart does not have the ability to repair itself after heart attacks or similar cardiac events. By merging the fields of stem-cell biology, tissue engineering and cardiovascular physiology, Hookway is trying to make models of cardiovascular tissue in a Petri dish that are more similar to what is in our bodies. One challenge is that the heart is not one cell type; in fact, it is multiple types of cells working together to achieve function.

Sha Jin

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

RESEARCH TOPIC: DIABETES

THE GOAL: Generating pancreatic tissue from stem cells.

One experimental treatment for diabetes currently in clinical trials through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is islet transplantation, but there are fewer donors than needed. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells cells that can self-renew by dividing could offer a renewable source for islets, but they remain a challenge because of limited knowledge about how islets form. Jins lab has been working to direct stem cells to differentiate and mature into pancreatic islet organoids using a variety of approaches; when successful, these islets would be transplanted into humans.

Ahyeon Koh

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

RESEARCH TOPIC: HUMAN SWEAT

THE GOAL: Utilizing sweat to generate electricity for flexible biosensors and to monitor stress levels.

Kohs research aims to give us real-time information about how our bodies are functioning, such as for glucose monitoring, wound care and post-surgery cardiac health. She is currently working with other Binghamton professors on two microfluidic systems that can collect and use the sweat that our body produces. One of them will have sweat-eating bacteria that will power biosensors, and the other will monitor stress levels by measuring the amounts of the steroid hormone cortisol that are secreted.

Gretchen Mahler

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

RESEARCH TOPIC: ORGAN-ON-A-CHIP

THE GOAL: Creating 3D microfluidic cell-culture chips that simulate the mechanics and physiological response of organs and tissues.

Mahlers current research which has applications for cardiovascular disease and cancer focuses on how disruptions in a tissues mechanical or chemical environment can lead to disease initiation and progression. She currently is working with three other professors two from Watson, one from Harpur College of Arts and Sciences on a National Science Foundation-funded study of calcific aortic valve disease, and she also is interested in how food additives alter gastrointestinal health.

Kaiming Ye

PROFESSOR AND DEPARTMENT CHAIR

RESEARCH TOPIC: CANCER VACCINE

THE GOAL: Developing a vaccine that will slow or halt the growth of future tumors.Yes research is targeting the protein CD47, which is part of the membrane that covers human cells. It also sends a dont eat me signal to a bodys immune system normally a good thing, but a problem when cells become cancerous. In a 2019 study using mice treated with their experimental vaccine, Ye and his co-investigators found a two-fold reduction in tumor growth rates and five-fold reduction in size in the tumors that did form.

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Biomedicals big year: Grants fund research on skin, heart cells, cancer and more - Binghamton University

Cell Biology

Six tales from the trenches of running a startup – MIT Technology Review

Our company has built a platform to produce high-quality cells and tissues for regenerative medicine. That pursuit involves multiple disciplines, which means everyone here is an expert in a different language. Some of us are fluent in stem-cell biology, others in optical engineering, others in machine learning. When we started the company it wasnt possible to do biology and engineering under the same roof. When we finally moved into a shared space we were able to learn each others lexicons, and we became more strongly aligned. And now that were all working separately, the bonds created in that process have helped us deal with things. We cant discuss technical details at our desks anymore, but weve learned new ways of working together. Its important to stay in sync as a team, and in a covid-19 world thats never felt more true.

TIM O'CONNELL

Founded Blendoor, a job-search platform that hides candidates names and photos in the initial stages to reduce unconscious bias.

I started coding at 13, and that has gotten me pretty far in my career (Stanford, MIT, Microsoft). I once viewed humanities and social science education as nice-to-haves but not need-to-haves. It wasnt until I came face to face with the harsh realities of inequity and the paradox of meritocracy that I realized that artificial intelligence is far from solving many of our most challenging problems as a human race (for example, xenophobia, sexism, racism, homophobia, impostor syndrome, and unconscious bias).

The externalities that influence creativity, adoption, and scale are often more important than the innovation itself. To be a successful innovator one has to be really in tune with whats happening in the world on a global scale (or be really lucky, or better yet both). Venture capital has shortened the learning curve for some innovators, but bias has limited access to venture capital for many. Unconscious bias is like an odorless gasits imperceptible to most, but pervasive and deadly.

To optimize the innovation ecosystem, institutions must invest more in leveling the playing field. Today and for much of the documented past, innovation has been reserved for the children of middle- and upper-class parents. (Research the founders of companies valued at over $1 billion.) We laud the proverb Necessity is the mother of invention, but the people who grow up needing the most, independent of their intelligence, are often left out of the innovation game. As with all games, the best players emerge when the barriers to entry are low, the rules/standards are equally enforced, and there is high transparency across the board.

Audre Lorde once wrote: The masters tools will never dismantle the masters house.

I am a short, melanin-enriched, queer female on planet Earth. In some ways its easier to be innovative when youre invisible, but at some point, you need tools to scale: capital, team, mentorship. The one thing I know now that I wish I had known earlier is that my path toward getting the tools I need looks a lot different from the paths of others. Its not better nor worsesimply different. The hardest part is carving it out. Now that I know my path isnt blockedrather, it just didnt existIm way better equipped to win.

COURTESY PHOTO

Founded DotLab, which makes diagnostic tests focused on womens health.

About a decade ago I worked at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, whose goal was to speed up the commercialization of technologies being developed in federally funded labs. While there I saw that some of the most important work done by the government involved things the media paid no attention tofor example, the way it could use investments in research and development to fuel private--sector innovation.

In 2009, the Obama administration released the Strategy for American Innovation. The idea behind it was to establish the critical nature of federal government support for R&D. In particular it stressed the spillover effects, or the idea that investments in such research end up being beneficial to people unrelated to the original investment. Or to put it another way, R&D investment is a public good. Analyses at the time suggested that in order to produce economic growth we should be doubling or quadrupling our R&D investments. Instead that spending has since been slashed, especially in basic research.

President Obama also launched a Lab to Market Initiative meant to speed the path to market for technologies stemming from government--funded research. There were also pilot programs designed to increase the use of government-funded R&D facilities by entrepreneurs, create incentives to commercialization, and improve, among other things, the impact of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program.

My own company, DotLab, ended up being a beneficiary. We develop novel molecular diagnostic tests for prevalent yet underserved diseases affecting womens health. Its notoriously difficult for this field of early--stage diagnostics to attract private investment, because of unclear regulatory pathways, low reimbursement rates, or resistance to change among physiciansor all of the above. Many promising diagnostic technologies never make it to patients because its so hard for these types of companies to get financing. A grant from the SBIR was critical to our early success. I cant be sure that wed be here today without it.

COURTESY PHOTO

Founded Ubiquitous Energy, which makes transparent solar cells that can be put on windows or device screens.

I used to imagine innovators as individuals, as most people probably dothe genius inventor divining solutions in a lab or garage. But this picture that people have is not only wrong; it hinders our ability to innovate effectively.

Eight years ago I cofounded Ubiquitous Energy, a company based on an innovation Id helped to launch from an MIT laba transparent solar cell that promised new ways of deploying solar technology, like windows that generate energy or consumer devices powered by their own displays. I learned that in the messy, scrappy world of tech startups, the key to innovation is to make it a team sport.

Taking any innovation from the lab to commercial reality requires engaging with all sorts of people. You need to work with engineering, R&D, business development, and sales teams, as well as investors, advisors, and customers. By thoughtfully designing teams and carefully tending to the connections among them, you ensure that innovation doesnt happen in a vacuum. If you isolate the engineering team you risk creating an innovative technology that doesnt have a customer. If you listen only to the customer you might conceive of a product that cant practically be made. Neglect investors and you can find yourself with a business plan that nobody wants to fund.

Working among people with competing priorities takes more effort. It means encouraging communication so theyre aware of each others needs as they generate new ideas. You have to find a way to invite these ideas in, make it okay for people to disagree respectfully, and encourage the flow of ideas among the various groups. You need each person to focus on his or her task, but not so much that it creates boundaries and kills any sense of creativity in the group.

Ive found that viewing innovation as a team sport instills a creative culture that makes an organization better. The innovations that result are far greater than anything that might have come from any one person operating independently.

CHRIS SCIACCA / IBM RESEARCH

Founded Somalias first incubator and start-up accelerator; now at IBM Research.

People tend to think innovation can be neatly placed into two categories: incremental or disruptive. They also assume that the only category that really matters is the disruptive kind, where you dramatically transform markets or introduce a novel product. And yes, disruptive innovations in CRISPR, quantum computing, or batteries are undoubtedly worth the headlines.

But Ive learned that there is immense value in incremental innovation. When you improve an existing product to cut costs, or when you make that product more efficient or user friendly, thats what pays the bills. And in fact those little innovations can give you the needed tailwind to go after the disruptive ideas, which can take years to incubate and bring to fruition. Never underestimate the importance of incremental improvements.

TIM O'CONNELL

Cofounded Imprint Energy, which is developing thin, flexible, and safe print- able batteries.

As a CEO of a startup, you get used to hearing no. You also face an endless succession of what feel like earth--shattering crises, like nearly running out of cash, losing a key customer, discovering a widespread product failureor having to shut down operations because of a global pandemic. But it turns out that these disasters can actually be good for you. In fact, Im not sure you can innovate without them. Heres what all our crises have taught me.

Its good to be uncomfortable. We once had a key customer request a battery capability that wed never deployed before. The customer made it clear that if we couldnt develop this capability theyd be less confident in our product. We wrestled with the risks, not least of which was the potential embarrassment if we couldnt meet the customers needs. We knew wed face many technical problems with no obvious solutions if we tried to pull it off. Yet we decided to try to satisfy the customer, even if it wasnt obvious at first how we could get it done. A few weeks later we delivered something beyond what the customer had asked for, and weve since grown this capability into a powerful sales tool and potential revenue streamnot to mention it strengthened our relationship with the customer.

Short-term failure is good. A few years ago our company began to scale up our manufacturing output in response to a customers need. In the process we discovered aberrations we hadnt seen during smaller-scale production. Our team dived into failure analysis, and we finally attributed the problem to a single material within the battery. Wed used this material for years, but now we needed a replacement. Once we deployed that change, the battery quality, reliability, and manufacturability drastically improved.

Its okay to be vulnerable. One of my hardest days as Imprints CEO was the day I found out I was pregnant. We were in the middle of raising a funding round, we had begun scaling our manufacturing output, and I had been traveling nonstop for a year. Until that day, I had assumed that my role as CEO was to exude strength and confidence. With the mounting pressure I was harder on myself than I needed to be, and now I had the added stress of being pregnant. I decided to acknowledge to my team that I was overwhelmed. They rallied together and found ways to operate more efficiently and communicate more effectively, supporting me to focus my time and leverage on our most pressing goals. This gave me not only the space to plan for the companys future, but also the resiliency to prepare for my own new normal: leading while becoming a first-time mother.

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Six tales from the trenches of running a startup - MIT Technology Review

Cell Biology

Orca Bio Surfaces With $192M and Recipes for Custom Cell Therapies – Xconomy

XconomySan Francisco

The cancer cell therapies available today are made by tweaking a patients own immune cells to better recognize and fight the disease. Orca Bio is developing what it says is the next generation of cell therapy: custom preparations made without modifying cells or genes.

Orca is already testing its technology in humans, though it has kept that research mostly under wraps. As the startup prepares to reveal its preliminary findings and ramp up its manufacturing capability, the Menlo Park, CA-based biotechannounced on Wednesday the close of $192 million in financing.

The immune system is comprised of many cells that work in concert, says CEO Ivan Dimov. Some cells stimulate activity while other cells block it. But the effects of these immune cells can be dampened by the other cells around them. Orcas therapies are allogeneictheyre made by taking stem and immune cells from healthy donors rather than from the patients themselves, as is the case with autologous treatments. But rather than just taking those healthy cells and putting them into a patient, Orca chooses certain cells from the donor sample and combines them in specific ways. Dimov says each mixture, created from certain cell types that it has assembled in the proper ratio, forms a custom immune army that seeks out cancer cells and leaves healthy tissue alone.

Weve created a novel class of precision therapiesprecise, optimal therapeutic mixtures, he says.

Orcas first disease targets are aggressive blood cancers that require bone marrow transplants as a treatment of last resort. These procedures offer patients a potential cure, but they also come with risks, such as rejection by the immune system.

In recent years, cell therapy has emerged as a new option for aggressive blood cancers that havent responded to treatment. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, or CAR-Ts, are made by engineering a patients own T cells, multiplying them in a lab, and then infusing them back into the patient to target and fight the cancer. The first CAR-Ts that reached the market were developed by Novartis (NYSE: NVS) and Gilead Sciences (NASDAQ: GILD). These therapies pose the risk of a potentially fatal immune system reaction.

There are other biotechs that are trying to advance CAR-T therapy by making it safer and more scalable. Some of them, like Orca, are developing allogeneic cell therapies. Two such companies, Allogene Therapeutics (NASDAQ: ALLO) and Precision Biosciences (NASDAQ: DTIL), use gene editing to eliminate parts of an immune cell that could prompt an adverse response. Those companies are testing their respective therapies in clinical trials.

Dimov says Orcas custom therapies are meant to allow patients to avoid the complications associated with bone marrow transplants and CAR-T drugs. The descriptor custom needs a bit of clarification: An Orca therapy is not tailored to each patient, but rather customized to generate a particular therapeutic effect, Dimov says. If it works, the right mix not only provides the optimal treatment, it also avoids any adverse immune response. This approach offers a new way to reset and rebuild the immune system, Dimov says.

Orca has two programs in clinical trials. TRGFT-201 is a formulation of T cells and regulatory T cells (a type of cell that tamps down an immune response) that is in Phase 1/2 testing in patients with certain blood cancers. A second program, OGFT-0001, is a formulation of T cells that is in Phase 1, also in blood cancers. The new cash is expected to be enough for Orca to complete Phase 1 tests of the lead program, as well as build the startups manufacturing capacity.

Preliminary data from the studies have not yet been reported but Dimov says a terminally ill cancer patient who received one of the Orca therapies got well enough to leave the hospital. Anecdote aside, while full data are expected in 2022, some early findings are being prepared for peer review.

Orca traces its origins to the laboratory of Irv Weissman, director of the Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Dimov joined Weissmans group in 2010 as the field of cell therapy was heating up. At that time, a central obstacle to its progress was figuring out how to make cell therapy manufacturing scalable. Meanwhile, the scientific communitys understanding of immune cells continued to advance. Orcas intellectual property covers both the cell therapy manufacturing technology, which offers the capability to sort stem and immune cells, and the therapeutic mixtures of cells. The startup spun out of Stanford in 2016 and started its first clinical trial about two years later, Dimov says.

Though cancer is Orcas focus for now, Dimov says the companys technology has potential applications in other diseases. Rare inherited disorders such as beta thalassemia and severe combined immunodeficiency are possible targets. Autoimmune diseases represent another opportunity. For each one, Orca would develop an appropriate mixture of immune and stem cells to treat the condition and restore immune system function, Dimov says.

Including the latest financing, Dimov says Orca has raised nearly $300 million. The new capital, a Series D round of funding, was co-led by Lightspeed Venture Partners and an unnamed investor. The other investors Orca has disclosed are 8VC, DCVC Bio, ND Capital, Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund Mubadala Investment Company, Kaiser Permanente, and the Illinois Municipal Retirement Fund.

Image: iStock/jonmccormackphoto

Frank Vinluan is an Xconomy editor based in Research Triangle Park. You can reach him at fvinluan@xconomy.com.

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Orca Bio Surfaces With $192M and Recipes for Custom Cell Therapies - Xconomy

Cell Biology

Can CAR-T Cells Be Used to Treat Diseases like Diabetes and Fibrosis? – BioSpace

An immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T), has revolutionized certain types of cancer treatments. The two approved CAR-T therapies are Novartis Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) and Gilead Sciences Yescarta (Axicabtagene ciloleucel). They are essentially living therapies. They are drawn from a patient, engineered in a lab to focus more closely on the specific cancer, and reinfused into the patient where the cells grow and attack the cancer cells.

New research out of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center suggests the genetically engineered immune cells can be used to treat diseases of senescence, which could include fibrotic liver disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetes.

Cellular senescence is a kind of zombie state related to aging, where cells stop dividing and growing, but dont actually die. It is particularly associated with diseases of aging.

Senescence is a double-edge sword, said Scott Lowe, chair of the Cancer Biology and Genetics Program at the Sloan Kettering Institute and co-responding author on the study. Cells in this state play an important role in wound healing and cancer deterrence. But if they linger for too long, they can cause chronic inflammation, which itself is a cause of many diseases. Finding a way to safely eliminate these cells would be a major therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of these diseases.

The research was published in the June 17 issue of the journal Nature.

The research team compared molecules on the surface of senescent cells to other types of cells. They identified a molecule called urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) that was enriched on the senescent cells, but largely absent on other cells. They then designed CAR-T cells that recognized uPAR.

Evaluating these newly engineered cells on mouse models of senescence-related diseases, such as cancer and liver fibrosis, they found that CAR-T cells successfully eliminated senescent cells from two different mouse models of liver fibrosis. The CAR-T cells also improved survival in lung cancer mouse models when dosed with drugs that induced senescence in this type of cancer.

The researchers plan to continue studying uPAR-directed CAR-T cells in other senescence-associated diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and osteoarthritis, with hopes of developing them for clinical use in humans.

This study demonstrates that T-cell engineering and CAR therapy can be effective beyond cancer immunotherapy, said Michel Sadelain, director of the Center for Cell Engineering at Sloan Kettering.

Lowe added, We think this approach has the potential to tackle a number of senescence-related diseases for which new treatments are badly needed.

Senescence has been a growing field in the last few years. South San Francisco-based Unity Biotechnology focuses on senescence to halt, slow or reverse age-associated diseases. The companys pipeline includes UBX0101, which is in Phase II trials for osteoarthritis and UBX1967 and UBX1325 for age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy. Other programs are studying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver and kidney diseases, and neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders.

On March 31, the company announced that it had completed enrollment in its UNITY Phase II trial of UBX0101 in moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee. It was evaluating 183 patients and expects to report results in the second half of 2020

Research that came out of Rockefeller University last year found that, unexpectedly, the neurons affected by Parkinsons disease may actually be senescent and that these undead neurons release molecules that shut down neighboring brain cells that lead to common Parkinsons symptoms.

Senescent cells occur throughout the body, but it is not usually seen in nerve cells in the brain. Neurons halt division once fully formed. But the research group found that dopamine neurons that regulate motivation, memory and movement by producing dopamine can become senescent.

Similarly, in 2018, researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio found cellular senescence was linked to tau protein tangles associated with end-stage Alzheimers disease. Cellular senescence can be a survival strategy for cells under stress, but it can also cause cells to behave abnormally and secrete toxins that kill surrounding cells.

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Can CAR-T Cells Be Used to Treat Diseases like Diabetes and Fibrosis? - BioSpace

Cell Biology

Unique sugar-sensing neurons work together to prevent severe hypoglycemia in mice. – Baylor College of Medicine News

Keeping blood sugar in balance can be a challenge, especially for people with type 1 diabetes who rely on intensive insulin therapy to prevent blood sugar from going too high. At Baylor College of Medicine, the group of Dr. Yong Xu and his colleagues from other institutions study glucose-sensing neurons in the brain and they have identified a novel neural feedback system in a small brain region that contributes to keeping blood sugar in balance.

Glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations in blood sugar levels and respond by rapidly decreasing or increasing their firing activities. This response can trigger changes in behavior to increase glucose levels. For instance, the animals may begin eating, said Xu, professor of pediatrics-nutrition at Baylor and the USDA-ARS Childrens Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) at Baylor and Texas Childrens Hospital. Glucose-sensing neurons also can affect the production of hormones such as glucagon that can directly regulate glucose production or uptake by peripheral tissues. Its a feedback system that keeps the balance of blood glucose.

Glucose-sensing neurons are found in several brain regions. Xu and his colleagues focused on neurons located in a small area called the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (vlVMH). Many neurons in this region express estrogen receptor-alpha and respond to glucose fluctuations in the blood, but their functions in glucose metabolism had not been specifically investigated.

The researchers found that neurons in the vlVMH nucleus of murine brains had unique characteristics.

First, Xu and his colleagues were surprised that, while in other VMH subdivisions about half of the neurons were glucose-sensing, in the ventrolateral subdivision all the estrogen receptor-alpha neurons were glucose-sensing. Just this fact makes this group of neurons quite unique, said Xu, who also is professor of molecular and cellular biology at Baylor.

They also found that, although all the neurons in this area sense glucose, they do not respond to changes in glucose level in the same way. About half of the neurons are glucose-excited their firing activity increases when they sense high glucose levels and decreases when glucose levels are low. In contrast, the other half of the neurons are glucose-inhibited they decrease firing when glucose is high and increase it when glucose is low.

We wondered why these neurons responded in opposite ways to the same glucose challenge, Xu said.

The researchers combined genetic profiling, pharmacological, electrophysiological and CRISPR gene-editing approaches to look into this question. They investigated the ion channels that each type of glucose-sensing neuron uses to respond to glucose levels. Ion channels are large molecules spanning across the cell membranes of neurons. The channels control the traffic of ions electrically charged atoms or molecules in and out of neurons, a process that is crucial for regulating neuronal firing activities.

The researchers found that glucose-excited neurons use a KATP ion channel, but the glucose-inhibited neurons used a different ion channel called Ano4.

The KATP ion channel is well known in our field, but the role of Ano4 ion channel in glucose sensing has never been reported. We have identified a new ion channel that is important for glucose-inhibited neurons, Xu said.

In addition, Xu and colleagues identified the neuronal circuits that are involved when glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons respond to low blood glucose levels. They discovered that the circuits were different glucose-excited neurons project neuronal connections to a brain region that is different from the one reached by glucose-inhibited neurons.

Using optogenetics, a combination of genetic modifications and light to activate specific neuronal circuits, the researchers showed in mice that when glucose-inhibited neurons responded to low glucose levels, they activated a particular circuit, and the result was an increase of blood glucose. On the other hand, when glucose-excited neurons responded to low blood glucose, they inhibited a different circuit, but the result also was an increase in blood glucose levels.

When the mice were hypoglycemic, these two circuits were regulated in an opposite manner one was excited while the other was inhibited but the outcome was the same, bringing blood glucose to normal levels, Xu said. This forms a perfect feedback system to regulate blood glucose levels.

Interestingly, all the neurons in this important group express estrogen receptor-alpha, a well-known mediator of the ovarian hormone, estrogen. In the future, Xu and colleagues want to investigate whether estrogen plays a role in the glucose-sensing process and whether there are gender differences in the functions of these neurons on glucose balance.

Would you like to know more about this work? Find it in the journal Nature Communications.

Other contributors to this work include Yanlin He, Pingwen Xu, Chunmei Wang, Yan Xia, Meng Yu, Yongjie Yang, Kaifan Yu, Xing Cai, Na Qu, Kenji Saito, Julia Wang, Ilirjana Hyseni, Matthew Robertson, Badrajee Piyarathna, Min Gao, Sohaib A. Khan, Feng Liu, Rui Chen, Cristian Coarfa, Zhongming Zhao, Qingchun Tong and Zheng Sun. The authors are affiliated with one or more of the following institutions: Baylor College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.

This work was supported by grants from the NIH (R01 DK114279 and R21NS108091, R01ES027544/DK111436, R01DK100697, R00DK107008 and K01 DK119471), John S. Dunn Foundation and Clifford Elder White Graham Endowed Fund and USDA/CRIS (3092-5-001-059). Further support was provided by American Diabetes Association (1-17-PDF-138 and 1-15-BS-184) and American Heart Association awards (17GRNT32960003 and 19CDA34660335). Single cell transcriptome profiling was conducted at the Single Cell Genomics Core at BCM that is partially supported by shared instrument grant from NIH (S10OD018033, S10OD023469, S10OD025240) and data were analyzed by the BCM Multi-Omics Data Analysis Core (P01DK113954). This work also was partially supported by the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT, RP170005 and RP180734) and the NCI Cancer Center Support Grant (P30CA125123).

By Ana Mara Rodrguez, Ph.D.

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Unique sugar-sensing neurons work together to prevent severe hypoglycemia in mice. - Baylor College of Medicine News

Cell Biology

Global Live Cell Imaging Devices Market 2020 Industry Future Growth, Key Player Analysis and Forecast 2025 – Cole of Duty

A new research report released by MarketsandResearch.biz with the title Global Live Cell Imaging Devices Market Growth 2020-2025covers the overall analysis of the market, detailing information about key players, sales, future trends, research findings, and current and future opportunities during 2020 to 2025 forecast period. The report significantly identifies the qualitative influence of various market factors on market segments and geographies. The report defines, segments the global Live Cell Imaging Devices market and encompasses market potential, influential trends, and issues facing the market. The report categorizes segments the market on the basis of product type, application, technology, and region.

Market Rundown:

To offer more clarity regarding the industry, the report takes a closer look at the current status of different factors including but not limited to supply chain management, niche markets, distribution channel, trade, supply, and demand and production capability across different countries. In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Live Cell Imaging Devices market before evaluating its possibility. The report includes factors like industry value chain, key consumption trends, recent patterns of customer behaviors, overall spending capacity analysis, market expansion rate, etc. The study offers business owners, stakeholders, and field marketing personnel with a significant evaluation of other factors such as demand and supply status, import and export, distribution channel, consumption volume, and production capability.

NOTE: This report takes into account the current and future impacts of COVID-19 on this industry and offers you an in-dept analysis of Live Cell Imaging Devices market.

DOWNLOAD FREE SAMPLE REPORT: https://www.marketsandresearch.biz/sample-request/60197

The market report covers the following companies: Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, BioTek Instruments, Leica Microsystems GmbH, Becton Dickinson, GE Healthcare, Nikon, PerkinElmer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Molecular Devices, Sigma-Aldrich (Merck), Etaluma,

Market segment by product type, along with their consumption (sales), market share and growth rate includes: Fluorescent Microscopy, Phase Contrast Microscopy, Quantitative Phase Contrast Microscopy, Other

Market segment by application, along with their consumption (sales), market share and growth rate covers: Cell Biology, Stem Cells, Drug Discovery, Other

Furthermore, thoughts and opinions from companies and individuals in the report who are unbiased and less emotionally attached to recent developments, products, or services are listed in the report. Industry experts conducting the study further estimate the potential of the global Live Cell Imaging Devices industry. According to the analysts, this information is important for firms looking to launch an innovative service or product on the market.

Market Segmentation By Region:

Further, in the report, analysis of the regional market information is covered by separating major different regions as, Americas (United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil), APAC (China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Australia), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia), Middle East & Africa (Egypt, South Africa, Israel, Turkey, GCC Countries). It focuses on analyzing the geographical subdivisions of the global Live Cell Imaging Devices market based on factors such as key regions, with production, consumption, revenue (million USD), and market share and growth rate of the market.

ACCESS FULL REPORT: https://www.marketsandresearch.biz/report/60197/global-live-cell-imaging-devices-market-growth-2020-2025

The Study Aims Are:

Customization of the Report:

This report can be customized to meet the clients requirements. Please connect with our sales team ([emailprotected]), who will ensure that you get a report that suits your needs. You can also get in touch with our executives on +1-201-465-4211 to share your research requirements.

About Us

Marketsandresearch.biz is a leading global Market Research agency providing expert research solutions, trusted by the best. We understand the importance of knowing what global consumers watch and buy, further using the same to document our distinguished research reports. Marketsandresearch.biz has worldwide presence to facilitate real market intelligence using latest methodology, best-in-class research techniques and cost-effective measures for worlds leading research professionals and agencies. We study consumers in more than 100 countries to give you the most complete view of trends and habits worldwide. Marketsandresearch.biz is a leading provider of Full-Service Research, Global Project Management, Market Research Operations and Online Panel Services.

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Global Live Cell Imaging Devices Market 2020 Industry Future Growth, Key Player Analysis and Forecast 2025 - Cole of Duty

Cell Biology

CONAMAX(TM): Promising Antibody-based Therapy Breakthroughs are Brewing at Conagen – SynBioBeta

In recent years, leveraging biology and engineering has led to incredible strides in combating human disease. In particular, we are able to develop and use antibodies to target a range of conditions, from cancer and cardiovascular ailments to skin disease and Ebola. Immunotherapy is rapidly becoming the most promising approach to eliminate cancerous cells. Indeed, the immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugate market based on blockbuster monoclonal antibodies is worth USD $100 billion.

Monoclonal antibodies are just one type of glycoprotein a diverse class of molecules that are just like regular proteins but with short chains of glycans (sugars) attached to them. Glycoproteins perform tasks critical for the human bodys reproductive, digestive, endocrine, and immune systems. Whether the glycoprotein is erythropoietin (stimulating red blood cell production in bone marrow) or a B-cell-bound antibody (driving immune responses), this class of molecules holds vast potential to be leveraged for engineering and advancing human health something that has been clearly demonstrated by the current multitude of candidate COVID-19 antibody therapeutics.

While therapeutic glycoproteins are a critical key for further developing promising immunotherapies, the development and production of these molecules has been stubbornly limited due to their complex structures. The challenges of glycoprotein synthesis are varied. It is often difficult to determine the structure of the glycoproteins carbohydrates and separate the various forms into pure components because of the heterogeneity of these side chains. Glycosylation is a more diverse and complex posttranslational change compared to various other functional group reactions; coupling this with glycoproteins large size (typically over 15 kilodaltons) and the branched structure of carbohydrate chains, these molecules are chemically challenging targets. These factors have limited the commercial glycoprotein industry to fragile mammalian cell systems that are next to impossible to scale to the same levels as are employed by more cost-sensitive industries.

Until now, that is. The synthetic biology techniques of today are making this problem much more tractable.

Last August, Conagen, a vertically integrated synthetic biology company located in Bostons biotech corridor, announced that it acquired a fermentation-based technology for the production of therapeutically useful glycoproteins, including several patents covering the platform. This is significant because glycoproteins are anything but straightforward to make.

There are two major types of glycans which are bound to glycoproteins: N-linked and O-linked, each of which can exist in a variety of forms and which differ in their locations on a glycoprotein. It is this structural divergence that leads not only to the diverse functional capabilities and distinctions between different glycoproteins, but often to different functions of the same glycoprotein when comprised of different glycans. It is also what has made it difficult to produce glycoproteins via industrial fermentation thus far; engineering a microbe to express glycoproteins with the necessary and optimal glycostructures and to do it robustly and at scale has been a nearly impossible task. But Conagen is uniquely positioned to be the first company to crack the code.

Most antibody-based therapies use monoclonal antibodies to target a wide array of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases like COVID-19. Traditionally, these antibodies are commercially produced in mammalian systems, such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Some improved technologies have made it possible to exceed productivities of 2 g/L/day in CHO cells producing some antibodies. However, remaining challenges still include high production costs, long optimization time and quality concerns.

Conagens new proprietary Conamax(TM) platform promises to achieve productivity upward of 1 g/L/day in a fast and sustainable way. Production of several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies has already been demonstrated in the system. Furthermore, the increased efficiency resulting from the greater scalability and robustness of this novel platform will also translate to surprisingly lower production costs, reducing the economic burden for the patients who need these critical treatments a necessary focus as the high price of biopharmaceuticals and other drugs dominate news cycles and elections.

The Conamax(TM) platform is uniquely suited for making antibodies. One of the most exciting features of this host organism is its ability to express glycoproteins harboring homogenous glycostructures which promote the desired immune cell functions, says Vice President of Innovation, Casey Lippmeier. This is a very unusual feature to find in a robustly fermentable microbe. It is also advantaged by its ability to tolerate the engineering required to customize these glycostructures while preserving the microbes robustness.

At present, Conagen plans to expand this technology and others towards large-scale manufacturing of solutions to combat COVID-19. We are thinking of a much higher production scale than what is currently achievable, said Lippmeier, as a key panelist in SynBioBetas COVID-19 antibodies roundtable on April 17, 2020.

It should come as no surprise that Conagen is making waves in this space. The company has a deep-rooted history in the biochemistry of botanical product biosynthesis and is driven by an unwavering motivation to uncover metabolic pathways for developing natural products and molecules closest to what nature produces. Much of the companys innovation is facilitated by its extensive microbial platforms, which leverage synthetic biology to rationally engineer and improve upon nature. The companys vertically integrated systems allow for the rapid movement of microbial strains to the metric-ton scale, effectively and efficiently controlling quality, cost, and puritynot an easy feat for most fermentation labs.

Their platform has already seen the introduction of the next generation of rebaudioside-based sweeteners, is enabling chemical giant BASF to scale fermentation of vanillin, and is also being leveraged to produce natural molecules that may promote healthy aging. With this newest addition to their portfolio, the company can now address one of the most significant challenges to realizing promising new glycoprotein-based therapeutics for a range of conditions.

The increased efficiency resulting from increased scales will also translate to reduced production costs, reducing the economic burden for the patients who need these critical treatmentsa necessary focus as pharmaceutical companies and predatory drug pricing dominate news cycles and elections. This concern is more evident than ever, especially as the development and manufacturing of antibodies to treat COVID-19 demand the utmost speed; Conagens Conamax(TM) platform presents a tantalizing opportunity to disrupt traditionally slower production timelines and therefore bring drugs to market as fast as possible to better serve patients.

Conagen has an established history of bringing new innovations to market. The companys ethos rooted in sustainability extends its future and potential far beyond rebaudiosides, vanillin, or even glycoproteins. Its world-scale production capabilities, unique microbial fermentation platforms, and products already on the market will ensure its continued growth and success for years to come. Conagen will continue to innovate the future of biotechnology, producing molecules closest to what nature develops at the nexus of science, the earth, and health.

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CONAMAX(TM): Promising Antibody-based Therapy Breakthroughs are Brewing at Conagen - SynBioBeta

Cell Biology

The race is on to grow crops in seawater and feed millions – Wired.co.uk

In December 2015, as representatives from United Nations member states were finalising what would become the Paris Agreement on climate change, Duncan Cameron stood before a crowd of delegates and warned them about an environmental catastrophe happening right beneath their feet.

A soil biologist and co-director of the University of Sheffields Institute for Sustainable Food, Cameron had long known that the amount of farmland capable of growing nutrient-rich crops was shrinking, but he didnt know how fast. For the previous year, Camerons team had analysed the scattershot data available on arable land loss, and what they found was disturbing: in the past four decades, the world lost up to one-third of its arable land to soil degradation and resulting erosion. Without alternatives, already fragile agricultural systems are on the verge of collapse, raising the prospect of a world filled with farms that cant grow enough food.

Its quite a terrifying amount, Cameron says. We hear that we can solve a lot of these problems in terms of food insecurity by wasting less and getting more efficient, but that isn't going to give us everything we need. Now, an emerging group of startups and researchers are convinced that answers to the impending food crisis may not lie on land at all instead theyre looking to the ocean and to feed future populations with crops grown on floating farms and fed by seawater.

These ambitious initiatives target a thorny mess of environmental and humanitarian issues freshwater and land scarcity, global hunger, crop security, and agricultures enormous carbon footprint amongst others but the scientific and logistical challenges they face are enormous. In a field where there are few easy answers, one problem looms above all others: what do we do about all the salt?

Soil scientists and farmers have waged war against salt for decades. As sea levels rise, salt levels are creeping up in the rivers and underground aquifers that irrigate fields particularly those low-lying areas close to vast river deltas. Across the world, farmland is drying out which raises salt levels and interferes with nutrient uptake and damages tissues. Excessive salt causes massive global crop loss an estimated 21.7 billion each year and that's expected to increase as factors like sea level rise and higher-intensity weather events driven by climate change push ocean water further into farmland, hitting the poorest coastal communities hardest.

Once there, salt requires significant resources to remove from soil the most common methods involve large amounts of freshwater, which is already scarce for an estimated four billion people worldwide sending researchers on a long-running race to find staple crops that can grow despite constantly increasing salinity. Several countries including China, India, the Netherlands, and the United Arab Emirates have developed crop varieties that can withstand some soil salinity, but the real white whale is a staple crop that can thrive regardless of how much seawater is thrown at it.

In principle, it could be done, but it's complicated, says Exequiel Ezcurra, a plant ecologist at the University of California, Riverside who studies desert and ocean ecosystems. Ezcurra says that creating seawater-tolerant crops would require at least one, and possibly both, of the basic biological mechanisms plants like black mangroves have adapted to survive in salty waters. One mechanism is freshwater filtration in the roots, which for staple crops would require fundamentally altering the roots dermal tissue to keep salt out. The other is specialised glands in the leaves that excrete salt as the plant pumps seawater throughout its system.

Changing a staple crop to have either mechanism is a challenge so big, many researchers aim for far more modest gains in salt tolerance and arent yet gunning for crops that grow in straight seawater. Plant breeders have been working on salt-resistant crops for decades but in rice a crop notoriously sensitive to salinity even the most salt-resistant varieties cant cope with anything like the saltiness of seawater. I'm not saying that nobody will be able to do it. Probably somebody will at some point, Ezcurra says. I simply have never seen a patent or anybody being able to do that now.

Luke Young and Rory Hornby filed for a provisional patent in February for a technology they believe will break the seawater tolerance barrier. Young and Hornby are the cofounders of Agrisea, a Canadian startup thats working to develop gene-edited salt-tolerant crops with the goal of soon growing them in floating farms placed in sea-flooded plains or anchored directly in the ocean.

Agriseas proposed method involves first isolating stem cells from crops like rice, then using CRISPR gene editing technology to insert a DNA sequence specialised to the plant. The sequence targets one of eight different genes, each chosen because the only place in nature where all eight are switched on is in plants that have naturally adapted saltwater tolerance. The sequence alters how the gene expresses, then stem cells are grown into a full plant that produces its own seeds armed with the newly edited gene. Follow the same process for editing the remaining seven genes, and the Agrisea team says youll have a plant that can grow in the salty sea without fertiliser, freshwater, or pesticides.

Many researchers have edited single genes for salt tolerance, but editing a gene network is an approach Young and Hornby say are unique to Agrisea. But theyre not at the finish line yet.Thus far, Young and Hornby are working to grow rice plants in water one-third the salinity of seawater and plan to have small farms floating off the shores of Kenya and Grand Bahama Island by the end of the year. Young says that hes confident the process will work because similar strategies have been used in the past to gene edit plants for other traits and because I'm not proving something, I'm copying something. I'm copying what nature has already been able to do.

Julia Bailey-Serres, director of the Center for Plant Cell Biology at the University of California, Riverside, studies crop resilience and the molecular physiology of rice. She says that researchers routinely edit plants to knock out a genes function, but editing in a way that changes specific amino acids, which likely would be required for growing crops in the ocean, has only been done by a few researchers worldwide and not yet for the purposes of salt tolerance. That more granular type of editing will become more feasible in the future, she says, but I don't know if thats going to be in two years or 10 years.

Bailey-Serres adds that she would be excited to see Agrisea succeed and that any tolerance increases beyond one-third ocean salinity would be a huge win in places like Vietnam and Bangladesh where rice paddies are bombarded with seawater.

Agriseas approach to arable land scarcity relies on cracking the salt tolerance problem, but other teams are opting to sidestep the issue entirely. Floating farms that reduce demand for arable land have long been key to survival in many non-Western nations. These crops thrive in freshwater bodies like Myanmars Inle Lake, which locals have relied on for food possibly since as early as the nineteenth century in buoyant beds that bob along the surface as monsoons and floods sweep through. Floating farms have also gained interest in Western cities. Over the last few years, research groups and architectural firms in the UK, Spain, and Italy amongst others have produced designs for floating vertical farms and greenhouses that suck up seawater from the outside and desalinate it to nourish hydroponic crops grown inside.

These projects push crops out into the ocean, but Yanik Nybergs strategy is to bring the ocean in. Instead of making new space for crops offshore, Nybergs Scotland-based company Seawater Solutions takes degraded coastal farmland, seeds it with naturally salt-tolerant herbs like samphire and sea blite, then floods the area by removing seawalls or pumping in water from the ocean to create an artificial salt marsh. In this new wetland ecosystem, crops grow without fertilisers, pesticides, or freshwater. They also hold soil in place, preventing erosion, and feed on nitrates and carbon, both of which over-accumulate in waters near human populations due to factors like agricultural runoff and CO2 emissions. A solar-powered irrigation system recycles the remediated water back to its original source.

Seawater Solutions currently operates six marsh farms in Scotland and a handful of developing countries, including a nascent initiative to create a marsh farm in the middle of a desert in Malawi by tapping underground saltwater aquifers. These projects are small most around 10,000 square meters and are limited to global food markets that are much tinier than those for staple crops.

Duncan Cameron says that there isn't one right answer. Since the 2015 Paris climate talks, Camerons team has attacked arable land loss from a multitude of angles, including monitoring nutrients in soil, forecasting the agricultural impact of urban green spaces, and building a hydroponic greenhouse in Oman that relies on desalinated water pumped in from the ocean. Solving arable land scarcity will require novel approaches all focused around giving the worlds tired soil a much-needed break. We've got to take pressure off it somehow, he says.

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The race is on to grow crops in seawater and feed millions - Wired.co.uk

Cell Biology

High Content Screening Market Analysis of Key Players, End User, Demand and Consumption By 2025 – Owned

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Some of the most popular high-content screening products include flow cytometers, cell imaging systems, consumables, and software. Cell imaging systems have been witnessing strong demand in the recent past, thanks to ongoing advancement in automation and instrumentation techniques. Key end users of high-content screening are industries such as biotechnology and pharmaceutical, government organizations, educational institutions, and contract research organizations (CROs). High-content screening is commonly used by biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies for various clinical and preclinical studies.

High-content screening finds application in target identification and validation, primary and secondary screening, compound profiling, and toxicity studies. High-content screening is mostly used in primary and secondary screening owing to its usage in assessing bioavailability and in qualitative assays. Geographically, North America holds a significant share in the high-content screening market, fueled by a strong regional economy, the presence of sophisticated research and healthcare facilities, and increased focus on overall health and wellbeing.

Global High Content Screening Market: Overview

High-content screening (HCS) refers to a technique used in biological research and drug discovery to discover substances such as peptides, small molecules, or RNAi that change the phenotype of a cell as desired. Phenotypic changes may include increase or decrease in the production of cellular components such as protein and/or alterations in the visual appearance of the cell.

High-content screening merges the molecular tools of cell biology with automated robotic handling, high-resolution microscopy, and automated analysis.

Global High Content Screening Market: Key Trends

The high-content screening market is driven by increasing funding and venture capital investments for cellular research, technological developments in HCS solutions, and cost containment in pharma R&D. However, factors such as high cost of HCS equipment and lack of expert and skilled personnel for operation of equipment are posing a challenge to the markets growth. In addition, inadequate research infrastructure and insufficient funding for R&D in emerging nations is limiting this markets growth.

The high-content screening market is segmented in terms of product, application, end user, and region. In terms of product, instruments, software, consumables, services, and accessories are the segments of this market. The segment of instrument held the leading share of the market in the recent past. The cell imaging and analysis segment held the leading share of the instrument segment of the HCS market. The instrument segment holds the leading share due to advances in instrumentation and automation techniques.

On the basis of application, target identification and validation, toxicity studies, primary and secondary screening, compound profiling, and others are the segments of the HCS market. The segment of primary and secondary screening dominated the market in the recent past. The dominance of this segment is due to its large-scale usage in qualitative assays for lead specificity, evaluation of bioavailability, and exclusion of compounds with unintended modes of action.

In terms of end user, the HCS market is segmented into academic and government institutes, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and contract research organizations. The segment of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies held the leading share of the global HCS market in the recent past. The dominance of this segment is owing to the extensive usage of HCS in preclinical and clinical studies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

Global High Content Screening Market: Market Potential

Beyond its conventional application in biological resaerch, high-content screening is being used in studying fat accumulation in cells. Researchers at the Department of Environmental Science at University of Georgia College of Public Health carried out studies to determine how exposure to phthalates in the form of nail polish or soap is related to the amount of fat stored in our bodies.

High-content screening employs image processing algorithms and computer machine language to measure multiple parameters objectively in no time.

Global High Content Screening Market: Regional Outlook

North America is the leading market for high-content screening trailed by the regions of Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. High research and development expenditures, government support for research initiatives, and the presence of leading lifescience market players are attributed to the dominance of North America high content screening market.

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Global High Content Screening Market: Competitive Landscape

The key players in the global high content screening market includeGE Healthcare, PerkinElmer Inc., Becton, Dickinson and Company, Danaher Corporation, and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Some other players in the market include BioTek Instruments Inc., Tecan Group Ltd., Merck Millipore, Bio-rad Laboratories Inc, and Yokogawa Electric Corporation.

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High Content Screening Market Analysis of Key Players, End User, Demand and Consumption By 2025 - Owned