Category Archives: Immunology

Lung response to bacteria revealed by researchers – Drug Target Review

A study has discovered the process behind the lung immune response, which could be used to develop treatments against pneumonia.

Researchers have revealed the process that the lungs use in the body to defend themselves against bacteria. According to the team, their findings could be used to develop treatments against pneumonia.

The study was conducted at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), US.

The study was designed to generate knowledge about the immune components that are useful for fighting pneumonia

Previous research has demonstrated that recovery from bacterial pneumonia improves the bodys defence against further infections through lung resident memory T (TRM) cells. However, the way in which these cells protect the lungs has been unknown until now.

The team found that TRM cells surrounding lung cells send out a signal to recruit bacteria killers called neutrophils.

Using experimental models, the researchers developed ways to deplete TRM cells to determine how they affected the lungs response to infection.

Because we found that the lung-lining cells changed their behaviour when TRM cells were missing, we studied those lung-lining cells in culture, including how they responded to TRM-derived signals to generate neutrophil-recruiting signals, explained corresponding author Professor Joseph Mizgerd.

According to the researchers, the study was designed to generate knowledge about the immune components that are useful for fighting pneumonia. Over the long-term, our study has implications for preventing and treating pneumonia which is important for keeping people out of the hospital and for preventing hospitalised patients from progressing to the intensive care unit and even worse outcomes, said Mizgerd.

Mizgerd envisions a future in which clinicians can measure and report a persons lung immunity and pneumonia susceptibility status: Interventions could be developed to improve an individuals lung immunity in order to prevent pneumonia and lung immunity is manipulated, triggered or mimicked in pneumonia patients to accomplish a cure against drug-resistant organisms or microbes for which no drugs have yet been developed.

The study was published in Mucosal Immunology.

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Lung response to bacteria revealed by researchers - Drug Target Review

Mapping the pathway to gut health in HIV patients – Newswise

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AI123105; P51 OD011107; OD010956; OD010931-12; GM131457; PNAS

Newswise A UC Davis study found that the damaged gut lining (known as leaky gut) in monkeys infected with chronic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an HIV-like virus, was rapidly repaired within five hours of receiving Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria.

The study, published today in the PNAS, linked chronically inflamed leaky gut to the loss of PPAR signaling (a nuclear receptor protein responsible for regulating cell metabolism) and subsequent damage to mitochondria - the cells power house.

The researchers found that L. plantarum activated PPAR signaling and revived mitochondrial flow, repairing the gut barrier in only five hours of exposure.

The outcome lends hope that leaky gut, a common condition among HIV patients, could be effectively treated in the future.

HIV and the damage to the gut lining

The gut, home to majority of the lymphoid tissue in the body, is an early target of HIV. The virus severely damages the immune and epithelial cells in the guts lining. This damage leads to an inflamed and leaky gut with weakened defense system and decreased nutrient absorption.

Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has been successful in limiting the damage to the bodys immune system. Yet, it has failed to consistently or completely repair the damage to the gut and its lining.

We wanted to map the pathways that lead to sustained damage in the gut and to identify ways to intervene and support its repair, said Katti Crakes, doctoral student in the schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine at UC Davis and first author on the study.

The researchers found that HIV attacks the guts epithelial cells by targeting and draining the mitochondria.

To reverse the damage caused by HIV and to increase the efficacy of ART, it is important to restore mitochondrial function and to rapidly repair the gut epithelium and immune defense, said Satya Dandekar, professor of microbiology and immunology at UC Davis School of Medicine and senior author.

Identifying cell signaling regulators for restoring the gut barrier

The bacteria present in the gut are known to play an important role in supporting and repairing the gut functioning. The study specifically tested the impact of L. plantarum bacteria on gut epithelial barrier of SIV infected rhesus macaques.

We challenged the capacity of L. plantarum bacteria and their metabolites to restore the gut functions in an extremely inflamed visibly disrupted gut environment, Dandekar said.

The researchers found that L. plantarum were able to survive and remain metabolically active in inflamed gut. The bacteria repaired the gut barrier by targeting and restoring the mitochondria in the intestinal epithelial cells damaged by SIV as well as HIV. These findings provide translational insights into restoring gut immunity and function, both of which are essential for successful HIV cure efforts.

In addition to Crakes and Dandekar, UC Davis researchers on this paper were Clarissa Santos Rocha, Irina Grishina, Lauren Hirao, Christopher Gaulke, Anne Fenton, Juan Arredondo and Sumathi Sankaran-Walters from the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology; Eleonora Napoli, Sandipan Datta, Gino Cortopassi and Cecilia Giulivi from the Department of Molecular Biosciences in the School of Veterinary Medicine; and Maria Marco from the Department of Food Science and Technology.

This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant AI123105 and P51OD011107. Katti Crakes received the NIH pre-doctoral training grants OD010956, OD010931-12 and GM131457.

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Mapping the pathway to gut health in HIV patients - Newswise

Personalis, Inc. to Present New Data at the AACR Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Conference – Business Wire

MENLO PARK, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Personalis, Inc. (Nasdaq: PSNL), a leader in advanced genomics for cancer, today announced that the company will participate in the AACR Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy conference at the Boston Marriott Copley Place in Boston, MA, November 17-20, including poster presentations on November 18th and 19th.

The company will showcase ImmunoID NeXT, the first platform to enable comprehensive analysis of both a tumor and its immune microenvironment from a single sample. ImmunoID NeXT can be used to investigate the key tumor- and immune-related areas of cancer biology, consolidating multiple oncology biomarker assays into one and maximizing the biological information that can be generated from a precious tumor specimen.

Following is a list of abstracts that will be presented at the meeting.

Scientific Poster Presentations

Poster Number

Title & Presenter

Day & Time

Location

A19

HLA allele-specific loss of heterozygosity detectionusing augmented exome capture approach

Presenter: Rachel Marty Pyke, Ph.D.

November 18:12:30 PM 3:00 PM

Back Bay

B18

Exome scale liquid biopsy monitoring of putativeneoantigens and genomic biomarkers in patientson anti-PD-1 therapy in squamous cell carcinoma ofthe head and neck

Presenter: Charles Abbott, Ph.D.

November 19:4:30 PM 7:00 PM

Back Bay

Personalis will also be exhibiting during the conference (Exhibit # 10). Representatives will be available to answer questions about the companys cancer immunogenomics services.

About Personalis, Inc.

Personalis, Inc. is a growing cancer genomics company transforming the development of next-generation therapies by providing more comprehensive molecular data about each patients cancer and immune response. The companys NeXT Platform is designed to adapt to the complex and evolving understanding of cancer, providing its biopharmaceutical customers with information on all of the approximately 20,000 human genes, together with the immune system, from a single tissue sample. Personalis also provides genomic information to the VA Million Veterans Program as part of their goal to sequence over a million veteran genomes. The Personalis Clinical Laboratory is GxP aligned as well as CLIA88-certified and CAP-accredited. For more information, please visit http://www.personalis.com and follow Personalis on Twitter (@PersonalisInc).

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Personalis, Inc. to Present New Data at the AACR Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Conference - Business Wire

Livestock Antibody Hub receives US $5.5 million to improve animal health – The Poultry Site

Researchers from The Pirbright Institute have been awarded US $5.5 million by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to establish a Livestock Antibody Hub aimed at improving animal and human health globally. The ambitious programme of work will see extensive collaboration between multiple UK research organisations in order to utilise research outcomes in livestock disease and immunology to support human health as part of the One Health agenda.

Six leading scientists from Pirbright will be involved in the project, including Professor John Hammond, Professor Venugopal Nair, Dr Simon Graham, Dr Elma Tchilian, Professor Munir Iqbal and Dr Erica Bickerton. Their combined expert knowledge will drive the study of cattle, pig and poultry antibody responses at high resolution to expand our understanding of protective immunity in species that can also be used as models for a range of human infectious diseases.

The aim is to use Pirbrights expertise in livestock viral diseases, cutting-edge technology and unique high-containment facilities to bring antibody discovery, manipulation and testing up to the benchmark already seen in the immunological field for rodents and humans. This highly collaborative work will address the needs of the livestock research community whilst bridging the requirements of the vaccine industry.

A number of work programmes will focus on studying B cells and antibodies at multiple scales including gene expression, single cell function and the entire antibody response. Findings from this research will be used to drive vaccine selection and design and test antibody therapies with Pirbright ultimately acting as a Hub able to provide specific methods, access to animal models and the associated expertise to drive antibody research within the One Health agenda.

Research lead Professor John Hammond said, New technology has given us the opportunity to utilise these detailed antibody responses to make the next generation of vaccines and therapies, which will improve animal health and ultimately human health, as well as ensuring the security of our food supply.

Dr Doug Brown, Chief Executive of the British Society for Immunology, commented, The UK is a world leader in veterinary immunology research, and this transformative investment from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation will drive the next chapter of innovation in developing new treatments and prevention options against livestock diseases. This is the single biggest investment in the immunology of livestock in the UK from an international funder, and the British Society for Immunology will do all we can to support this collaborative initiative and help maximise its impact for the benefit of human and animal health.

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Livestock Antibody Hub receives US $5.5 million to improve animal health - The Poultry Site

Robert Ferris, MD, on Immunotherapy Transforming Cancer Treatment – Cancer Network

Robert Ferris, MD, from UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, discusses the 34th Annual Meeting & Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2019), and how immunotherapy will continue to transform cancer treatment.

Transcript:

Ive been attending the plenary session by Dr. Ron Germaine and Dr. Finn won the Smalley award and the presidential session today with some promising young investigators.

Dr. Finn is really a giant of cancer immunology, in particular cancer immune-prevention. She received the Smalley award and gave us a couple of decades of target and vaccinating for cancer prevention. Dr. Ron Germaine has contributed to basic immunology and our understanding of triggering the immune response. And he has moved more into systems biology, trying to integrate 30, 40, 50 markers, tissue imaging in tumors in situ, and cautioning us not to get too far ahead with some of the single cell technologies and to recognize the way lymphocytes are laid out and move their ability to get around in the tumor. The infrastructure of a tumor may affect the quality of success of an immune response, So, as typical for someone of his contributions, it was really a mind-blowing presentation phenomenal video, very insightful. He continues to contribute to our understanding of immunology.

Junior investigators in the presidential symposium were really outstanding and gave us some amazing work into the microbiome. A scientist in training from Wake Forest talked about the CD47 thrombospondent pathway and how that eat me or dont eat me signal that cells have and tumor cells can modulate may impact the immune response to cancer. So, really some amazing work and we see the next generation coming with a very potent and informative stance as well. A great credit to SITC in identifying these junior folks, and a credit to their mentors as well.

Ive been coming to this meeting for over 15 years. I was here and one of the organizers 10 or 12 years ago when they were about 400 or 500 attendees. It is now 10-fold bigger. So, my hope is that is it is not another 1,000 people. One thing I like about this meeting is its collegiality, so hopefully it doesnt get too impersonal. I think a year from now, SITC has added the early-phase clinical trials, so it has been a nice addition bridging what AACR or ASCO have done. The relationship with NCI, the FDA, pharma, as well as translational and clinical scientists, it can only happen at SITC. There is no other meeting where this occurs. And I think that explains this huge influx in membership and attendees. Even though I tease a little bit that it can be getting too big, I think next year is likely to be a continuation of the trend, drawing in folks who have not gotten up every day thinking about immunology for years but now understand and recognize that they need to. SITC is really the form for transmitting information, basic mechanisms, biomarkers, and now clinical data from exciting clinical trials.

We really do feel like immunotherapy has the potential to cure so hopefully we will add safe, but effective combinations of immunotherapy. Obviously the PD-1 inhibitors with or without a CTLA-4 inhibitor have been the most effective as monotherapy or combinations. I think were all still waiting for that next big breakthrough, the next big leap forward, whether it is immune checkpoints or inflammatory agonists or other combinations for where immunotherapy will transform cancer treatment.

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Robert Ferris, MD, on Immunotherapy Transforming Cancer Treatment - Cancer Network

I have a PhD in immunology and this is how I keep my daughter from getting sick during the winter – Business Insider

captionFlu season is here, which means families need to take extra precautions to keep children from getting sick.sourceGetty

Flu season is here. But Im not all that worried. I have a PhD in immunology and have put that training to good use in protecting my now 5-year-old daughter from getting sick. I take all the standard precautions to safeguard against the sniffles, by vaccinating and practicing sensible hand washing (while still largely avoiding hand sanitizers), but theres still a lot more to do to keep sickness at bay.

One issue that may affect your childs ability to fight infection is a Vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D has a three-fold role in the immune system it fights infections and curbs autoimmune processes as well as inflammation. Vitamin D deficiency increases risks for a number of health issues, including repeatedly falling ill.

The main source of Vitamin D is exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D deficiency is somewhat common, and worsens in winter when people dont get outside as much.

Between 12% and 24% of infants, children, and adolescents are Vitamin D deficient, with breastfed babies being at a higher risk. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that in their first year of life, babies get 400 IU of Vitamin D daily. The AAP advises parents to give an oral Vitamin D supplement to breastfeeding infants and to those who consume less than 1 liter of infant formula a day.

By conservative estimates, children and adolescents need 600 IU each day. Its ideal for children and adolescents to get Vitamin D from natural sources, experts say.

If youre concerned that your child isnt getting enough from sunlight exposure, or is showing warning signs like being tired or falling ill often, consult your pediatrician about a potential Vitamin D deficiency.

I give my daughter the recommended dose all year round with a probiotic called BioGaia that is fortified with Vitamin D.

Omega 3s play a crucial role in brain and vision development, and were just beginning to understand the role they play in the immune system. As with most things, getting some but not too much is prudent. Ensuring your childs diet has some omega 3s, either regularly through food including wild-caught salmon and walnuts or supplementing periodically is a good idea. A breastfeeding mom should also eat a generous amount of foods containing omega 3s so that the nutrients are transferred to the baby.

Part of my childs regular maintenance protocol is taking a probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, marketed as Biogaia. Originally discovered in breastmilk, part of its potential protective mechanism is the broad spectrum of antibiotic (reuterin) it produces, which may limit colonization by pathogenic bacteria.

In small research studies, it has been shown to protect against both GI tract and respiratory infections, reduce colic in breastmilk fed infants, and potentially protect against cavities. Taken together, the evidence suggests the probiotic microorganism may improve health in a variety of contexts.

Given the limited evidence, there is no recommendation for regular use. But since Biogaias safety is well-established and the cost is reasonable (about $30 for a two-month supply), I elected to give it regularly to my child since birth, and will continue doing so. (Be aware: the majority of probiotics have minimal to no research to back up their claims).

Turmeric has been used for medicinal purposes in India for centuries. As modern science is now discovering, its main component curcumin has anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer properties. It could potentially help in fending off both viral and bacterial infections and combat the deleterious effects of inflammation.

However, drinking a turmeric extract in water (in say, a latte or smoothie) is close to useless because it absorbs poorly when dissolved in water. What little is absorbed is then rapidly eliminated by the liver.

Turmeric should be dissolved in oil, ideally, for absorption. For maximum effect, pair it with piperine, a component of black pepper that prevents the rapid elimination.

When my daughter is ill, I serve her either a home-brew of turmeric in coconut oil with black pepper (taken with manuka honey, milk, or both), or a supplement that contains liposome-encapsulated turmeric plus piperine three to four times a day until her fever breaks.

Elderberry extracts have also been used medicinally for centuries. In studies in vitro, and in mice, and humans, elderberry has been shown to help reduce the severity and length of the flu, and can help in fighting other viral infections too.

Some parents go so far as to give elderberry to their children every day. However, this is both unnecessary and potentially dangerous: Elderberry has medicinal properties that could actually interfere with normal functioning. For example, elderberry extracts inhibit functioning of ribosomes, which are required for protein production. They may exacerbate autoimmune diseases and their long-term safety has not been studied.

Consult with your pediatrician to determine the appropriate dose for your child.

How has all this helped? While it is impossible to be sure, I can say for certain that my daughter has never had ear infections, colic, or constipation. Weve almost never had an infection that required antibiotics. Illness rarely strikes, and when it does, it subsides quickly. We have gone years without a fever, and when it comes, it usually resolves within 24 hours.

Thats good enough for me.

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I have a PhD in immunology and this is how I keep my daughter from getting sick during the winter - Business Insider

AgilVax to Present Positive Preclinical Data for Monoclonal Antibody Targeting xCT at the American Association for Cancer Research’s Tumor Immunology…

ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--AgilVax Inc., a biopharmaceutical company that discovers and develops targeted antibody-based therapeutics, announced today that preclinical data describing M5, the Companys monoclonal antibody targeting xCT, will be presented by Dr. Salameh at the American Association for Cancer Researchs Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Conference being held at the Boston Marriott Copley Place in Boston, MA.

Title:

Development of a monoclonal antibody targeting xCT/SLC7A11 expressed in metastatic cancer cells

Poster Session:

Poster Session B

Session Date:

Tuesday, November 19

Board Number (poster number):

B37

Time:

4:30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m.

Session Location:

Back Bay

We are pleased with our continued progress on developing multiple solutions to target cancer cells overexpressing xCT and thrilled to have the opportunity to showcase our advancements in a poster presentation at such a prestigious meeting, said Dr. Joseph Patti, President and CEO of AgilVax. Dr. Patti further stated, xCT overexpression occurs in several cancers leading to metabolic changes that reprograms cells for growth and progression. AgilVaxs antibody-based therapeutics have shown reduction of primary tumor formation and lung metastases illustrating the potential to create durable responses in patients suffering from colorectal and other metastatic cancers.

About AgilVax

AgilVax is a biopharmaceutical company that discover and develops targeted antibody-based products to treat multiple types of cancer. The Company has three development programs; an unmodified monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting xCT, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting xCT, and AX09, a VLP-based xCT vaccine currently in cGMP production.

For more information, please visit http://www.agilvax.com

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AgilVax to Present Positive Preclinical Data for Monoclonal Antibody Targeting xCT at the American Association for Cancer Research's Tumor Immunology...

Immunology Market 2019 production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate upto 2025 – Press X Now

The Immunology market report offers an in-depth analysis of the on-going trends, Immunology Market drivers, different opportunities and high-growth areas which would help clients to articulate Immunology market strategies according to the current and future industry trends. The Immunology market study also covers the regional and global analysis of this industry. Furthermore, it examines and meanwhile, represents the worldwide Immunology market size of the significant players in each region around the different corner of the world.

Request a sample copy of this report at: https://marketresearchexpertz.com/report/global-immunology-market-28675#request-sample

Reportedly, the global Immunology market report accounted for xx billion in 2018 and it is projected to gather xx billion US$ by 2026, along with a growing CAGR of xx % during the forecast timeframe. Several factors including increasing demand for upgrading of the Immunology market, rising demand of the industry from developing economies, and expanding the use of Immunology market over distinct sectors are propelling the universal market.

Key Manufacturers functioning in this market are:AbbVieAmgenF. Hoffmann-La RocheJohnson & JohnsonBionor PharmaCelgeneCellectar BioscienceseFFECTOR Therapeutics

Global Immunology market segregation by type:Immuno BoostersImmunosuppressants

The Application of Immunology market can be split into:Autoimmune DiseasesOncologyOrgan TransplantationOthers

The elaborated study delivers a brief appraisal of the Immunology market that helps stakeholders to gain a solid base in this industry. The main motive of the Global Immunology market 2019 report is to offer industry investors, customers, and company officials with important statistics to assist them to create reliable industrial decisions related to the essential opportunities in the Immunology market.

This research study also pinpoints business insights and offers an analysis of the extremely significant trends that are anticipated to affect the Immunology market outlook from the year 2019 to 2026. The report also incorporates the production capacity, value chain structure, raw material sources as well as suppliers, import/export, product portfolios, and technology adoptions. Their financial status is also analyzed in the worldwide Immunology market report which studies pricing structure, growth rate, gross margin, fiscal ratios, product value, cash flow, sales volume and much more. The evaluation of the Immunology market also promotes clients to grab a clear understanding of the Immunology industry position at global level, strengths and weakness of their rivals too.

Browse More Details: https://marketresearchexpertz.com/report/global-immunology-market-28675

The research report on the Global Immunology market will surely help major market players as well as new entrants to understand the international industry in detail. Moreover, this study also encourages industry vendors to decide their business strategies and work hard to achieve their proposed business aims.

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Immunology Market 2019 production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate upto 2025 - Press X Now

Gossamer Bio Announces Participation in the Guggenheim Healthcare Talks Neuro/Immunology Day – Yahoo Finance

SAN DIEGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Gossamer Bio, Inc. (GOSS), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutics in the disease areas of immunology, inflammation and oncology, today announced that Sheila Gujrathi, M.D., Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder, will participate in a fireside chat at the Guggenheim Healthcare Talks Neuro/Immunology Day on Monday, November 18 at 1:00 p.m. ET.

A live webcast of the presentation will be available on the Events and Presentations page in the Investors section of the companys website at https://ir.gossamerbio.com. A replay of the webcast will be archived on the companys website for 90 days following the presentation.

About Gossamer Bio

Gossamer Bio is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutics in the disease areas of immunology, inflammation and oncology. Its goal is to be an industry leader in each of these therapeutic areas and to enhance and extend the lives of patients suffering from such diseases.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191114005228/en/

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Gossamer Bio Announces Participation in the Guggenheim Healthcare Talks Neuro/Immunology Day - Yahoo Finance

CSU lands $1.2 million in NIH funding to advance work on a new tuberculosis vaccine – Source

At CSU, the research will include a multidisciplinary team of at least 20 researchers, students and staff, including Assistant Professors Michael Lyons and Brooke Anderson, Research Scientists Carolina Mehaffy and Andres Obregon Henao, Associate Professor Diane Ordway, and Corey Broeckling, director of the Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility.

Henao-Tamayo, whose TB research has been focused on vaccines, said the project aims to combine expertise from all over the world. It will include experiments to better understand previous research she conducted in collaboration with the late Ian Orme, a CSU University Distinguished Professor, to study environmental mycobacteria, which live in water and soil, and how these organisms may interfere immunologically with the protection that the BCG vaccine provides against TB.

Podell, who earned doctorates in veterinary medicine and pathology from CSU, said the initiative will be perhaps the most comprehensive pathology assessment of vaccine and TB immunity ever done.

Podell and Henao-Tamayo said that the award reflects not only the outstanding reputation of CSUs Mycobacteria Research labs, but also provides a boost of recognition for the program.

Brendan and I were both trained in these labs, and were now leading the charge on this new research, said Henao-Tamayo.

Additional partners include Oxford University; Public Health England; Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center; National Jewish Health in Denver, and La Jolla Institute for Immunology.

NIAID recently awarded contracts totaling $30 million for the first year to provide up to seven years of support for three Immune Mechanisms of Protection Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (IMPAc-TB) Centers. The Centers aim to better explain the immune responses required for protection from TB-causing Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Seattle Childrens Hospital will lead research for the other two centers.

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CSU lands $1.2 million in NIH funding to advance work on a new tuberculosis vaccine - Source