Category Archives: Immunology

Conferenceseries LLC LTD – Immunology

December 3, 2018 medical

Sessions/Tracks

Conference Series LLC LTDinvites participants from all over the world to attend "11thWorld Congress and Expo on Immunology" July 24 25, 2019 Vancouver, Canada includes prompt keynote presentations, Oral talks, Poster presentations and Exhibitions.

Presenters can availup to 20 CME credits..

The annualInternational Conference on Immunologyoffer a unique platform for academia, Societies and Industries interested in immunology and Biomedical sciences to share the latest trends and important issues in the field. Immunology Summit-2019 brings together the Global leaders in Immunology and relevant fields to present their research at this exclusive scientific program. TheImmunology Conferencehosting presentations from editors of prominent refereed journals, renowned and active investigators and decision makers in the field ofImmunology. Immunology Summit 2019 Organizing Committee also intended to encourage Young investigators at every career stage to submit abstracts reporting their latest scientific findings in oral and poster sessions.

Track 1:ClinicalImmunology: Current & Future Research

Immunology is the study of the immune system. The immune system is how all animals, including humans, protect themselves against diseases. The study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system is clinical immunology. The disorders of the immune system fall into two broad categories:

Immunodeficiency, in this immune system fails to provide an adequate response.

Autoimmunity, in this immune system attacks its own host's body.

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9thEuropean Immunology Conference, June 14-16, 2018 Rome, Italy; 10thWorld Congress and Expo onImmunologyOctober 19-20, 2018 New York, USA; 5thInternationalConference on Parasitology, July 12-13, 2018 Paris, France; 10thInternational Conference onClinical Immunology andCellular Immunology, August 6-7, 2018 Madrid, Spain; AnnualCongress onImmunology&Immunotechnology, September 13-14, 2018 Zurich, Switzerland; 3rdInternationalConference onTumor&CancerImmunologyandImmunotherapy; September 17-18, 2018 San Diego, USA; 5thEuropean Congress of Immunology, September 2-5, 2018, Amsterdam, Netherlands; 29thAnnual Conference of theAustralasian Society ofClinical ImmunologyandAllergy, September 4-8, 2018, Canberra, Australia; 12thInternationalConference on Allergy, Asthma &Clinical Immunology, October 1-2, 2018 Moscow, Russia; 3rdInternationalConference on Autoimmunity, November 26-27, 2018 Dublin, Ireland; 3rdAntibodies and Bio Therapeutics Congress& B2B, November 08-09, 2017 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Track 2:Cancer and Tumor Immunobiology

The immune system is the bodys first line of defence against most diseases and unnatural invaders.Cancer Immunobiologyis a branch ofimmunologyand it studies interactions between theimmune systemandcancer cells. These cancer cells, through subtle alterations, become immortal malignant cells but are often not changed enough to elicit an immune reaction.Understanding how the immune system worksor does not workagainst cancer is a primary focus of Cancer Immunology investigators. Certain cells of the immune system, including natural killer cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and effector T cells, are capable of driving potent anti-tumour responses.

Tumor Immunobiology

The immune system can promote the elimination of tumours, but often immune responses are modulated or suppressed by the tumour microenvironment. TheTumour microenvironmentis an important aspect of cancer biology that contributes to tumour initiation, tumour progression and responses to therapy. Cells and molecules of the immune system are a fundamental component of the tumour microenvironment. Importantly, therapeutic strategies can harness the immune system to specifically target tumour cells and this is particularly appealing owing to the possibility of inducing tumour-specific immunological memory, which might cause long-lasting regression and prevent relapse in cancer patients. The composition and characteristics of the tumour micro environment vary widely and are important in determining the anti-tumour immune response. Tumour cells often induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which favours the development of immuno suppressive populations of immune cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells.

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Track 3:Inflammation and Therapies

Inflammation is the body's attempt at self-protection; the aim being to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, or pathogens - and begin the healing process. In Inflammation the body's whiteblood cellsand substances they produce protect us from infection with foreign organisms, such as bacteria and viruses. However, in some diseases, likearthritis, the body's defense system, the immune system triggers an inflammatory response when there are no foreign invaders to fight off. In these diseases, called autoimmune diseases, the body's normally protective immune system causes damage to its own tissues. The body responds as if normal tissues are infected or somehow abnormal. Inflammation involves immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The purpose of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and to initiate tissue repair. signs of acute inflammation are pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function

Therapies

Inflammation Therapy is a treatment for chronic disease involving a combination of lifestyle factors and medications designed to enable the immune system to fight the disease. Techniques used include heat therapy, cold therapy, electrical stimulation, traction, massage, and acupuncture. Heat increases blood flow and makes connective tissue more flexible. It temporarily decreases joint stiffness, pain, and muscle spasms. Heat also helps reduce inflammation and the buildup of fluid in tissues (edema). Heat therapy is used to treat inflammation (including various forms of arthritis), muscle spasm, and injuries such as sprains and strains. Cold therapy Applying cold may help numb tissues and relieve muscle spasms, pain due to injuries, and low back pain or inflammation that has recently developed. Cold may be applied using an ice bag, a cold pack, or fluids (such as ethyl chloride) that cool by evaporation. The therapist limits the time and amount of cold exposure to avoid damaging tissues and reducing body temperature (causing hypothermia). Cold is not applied to tissues with a reduced blood supply (for example, when the arteries are narrowed by peripheral arterial disease).

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Track 4:Molecular and Structural Immunology

Molecular Immunology

Molecular immunology deals with immune responses at cellular and molecular level. Molecular immunology has been evolved for better understanding of the sub-cellular immune responses for prevention and treatment of immune related disorders and immune deficient diseases. Journal of molecular immunology focuses on the invitro and invivo immunological responses of the host. Molecular Immunology focuses on the areas such as immunological disorders, invitro and invivo immunological host responses, humoral responses, immunotherapies for treatment of cancer, treatment of autoimmune diseases such as Hashimotos disease, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Treatment of Immune deficiencies such as hypersensitivities, chronic granulomatous disease, diagnostic immunology research aspects, allografts, etc..

Structural Immunology

Host immune system is an important and sophisticated system, maintaining the balance of host response to "foreign" antigens and ignorance to the normal-self. To fulfill this achievement the system manipulates a cell-cell interaction through appropriate interactions between cell-surface receptors and cell-surface ligands, or cell-secreted soluble effector molecules to their ligands/receptors/counter-receptors on the cell surface, triggering further downstream signaling for response effects. T cells and NK cells are important components of the immune system for defending the infections and malignancies and maintaining the proper response against over-reaction to the host. Receptors on the surface of T cells and NK cells include a number of important protein molecules, for example, T cell receptor (TCR), co-receptor CD8 or CD4, co-stimulator CD28, CTLA4, KIR, CD94/NKG2, LILR (ILT/LIR/CD85), Ly49, and so forth.

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Track 5:Transplantation Immunology

Transplantation is an act of transferring cells, tissues, or organ from one site to other. Graft is implanted cell, tissue or organ. Development of the field of organ and tissue transplantation has accelerated remarkably since thehuman major histocompatibility complex(mhc) was discovered in 1967. Matching of donor and recipient for mhc antigens has been shown to have a significant positive effect on graft acceptance. The roles of the different components of the immune system involved in the tolerance or rejection of grafts and in graft-versus-host disease have been clarified. These components include: antibodies, antigen presenting cells, helper and cytotoxic t cell subsets, immune cell surface molecules, signaling mechanisms and cytokines that they release. The development of pharmacologic and biological agents that interfere with the alloimmune response and graft rejection has had a crucial role in the success of organ transplantation. Combinations of these agents work synergistically, leading to lower doses of immunosuppressive drugs and reduced toxicity. Significant numbers of successful solid organ transplants include those of the kidneys, liver, heart and lung.

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Track 6:Infectious Diseases,Emerging and Reemerging diseases: Confronting Future Outbreaks

Infectious diseasesare disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses,fungior parasites. Many organisms live in and on our bodies. They're normally harmless or even helpful, but under certain conditions, some organisms may causedisease.Someinfectious diseasescan be passed from person to person. Many infectious diseases, such asmeaslesand chickenpox, can be prevented by vaccines. Frequent and thorough hand-washing also helps protect you from infectious diseases.

There are four main kinds of germs:

Bacteria - one-celled germs that multiply quickly and may release chemicals which can make you sick

Viruses- capsules that contain genetic material, and use your own cells to multiply

Fungi - primitive plants, like mushrooms or mildew

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Track 7:Autoimmune Diseases

An autoimmune disease develops when your immune system, which defends your body against disease, decides your healthy cells are foreign. As a result, your immune system attacks healthy cells. An autoimmune disorder may result in the destruction of body tissue, abnormal growth of an organ, Changes in organ function. Depending on the type, an autoimmune disease can affect one or many different types of body tissue. Areas often affected by autoimmune disorders include Blood vessels, Connective tissues, Endocrineglands such as the thyroid or pancreas, Joints Muscles, Red blood cells, Skin It can also cause abnormal organ growth and changes in organ function. There are as many as 80 types of autoimmune diseases. Many of them have similar symptoms, which makes them very difficult to diagnose. Its also possible to have more than one at the same time. Common autoimmune disorders include Addison's disease, Dermatomyositis, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Pernicious anemia, Reactive arthritis. Autoimmune diseases usually fluctuate between periods of remission (little or no symptoms) and flare-ups (worsening symptoms). Currently, treatment for autoimmune diseases focuses on relieving symptoms because there is no curative therapy.

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Track 8:Viral Immunology: Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases

Immunology is the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.

Viruses are strongly immunogenic and induces 2 types of immune responses; humoral and cellular. The repertoire of specificities of T and B cells are formed by rearrangements and somatic mutations. T and B cells do not generally recognize the same epitopes present on the same virus. B cells see the free unaltered proteins in their native 3-D conformation whereas T cells usually see the Ag in a denatured form in conjunction with MHC molecules. The characteristics of the immune reaction to the same virus may differ in different individuals depending on their genetic constitutions.

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Track 9:Pediatric Immunology

A child suffering from allergies or other problems with his immune system is referred as pediatric immunology. Childs immune system fights against infections. If the child has allergies, their immune system wrongly reacts to things that are usually harmless. Pet dander, pollen, dust, mold spores, insect stings, food, and medications are examples of such things. This reaction may cause their body to respond with health problems such as asthma, hay fever, hives, eczema (a rash), or a very severe and unusual reaction calledanaphylaxis. Sometimes, if your childs immune system is not working right, he may suffer from frequent, severe, and/or uncommon infections. Examples of such infections are sinusitis (inflammation of one or more of the sinuses), pneumonia (infection of the lung), thrush (a fungus infection in the mouth), and abscesses (collections of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue) that keep coming back.

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Track 10:Immunotherapy & Cancer Immunotherapy: From Basic Biology to Translational Research

Immunotherapy is treatment that uses certain parts of a persons immune system to fight diseases such as cancer. This can be done in a couple of ways:

Stimulating your own immune system to work harder or smarter to attack cancer cells Giving you immune system components, such as man-made immune system proteins

Some types of immunotherapy are also sometimes called biologic therapy or biotherapy. In the last few decades immunotherapy has become an important part of treating some types of cancer. Newer types of immune treatments are now being studied, and theyll impact how we treat cancer in the future. Immunotherapy includes treatments that work in different ways. Some boost the bodys immune system in a very general way. Others help train the immune system to attack cancer cells specifically.

Cancer immunotherapyis the use of the immune system to treat cancer. The main types of immunotherapy now being used to treat cancer include:

Monoclonal antibodies: these are man-made versions of immune system proteins. Antibodies can be very useful in treating cancer because they can be designed to attack a very specific part of a cancer cell.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors: these drugs basically take the brakes off the immune system, which helps it recognize and attack cancer cells.

Cancer vaccines: vaccines are substances put into the body to start an immune response against certain diseases. We usually think of them as being given to healthy people to help prevent infections. But some vaccines can help prevent or treat cancer.

Other, non-specific immunotherapies: these treatments boost the immune system in a general way, but this can still help the immune system attack cancer cells.

Immunotherapy drugsare now used to treat many different types of cancer. For more information about immunotherapy as a treatment for a specific cancer, please see our information on that type of cancer.

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Track 11:Immunology and Diabetes

Immunologyis the study of the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body from foreign cells such as viruses, bacteria and parasites. Immune system cells called T and B lymphocytes identify and destroy these invaders. Thelymphocytesusually recognize and ignore the bodys own tissue (a condition called immunological self-tolerance), but certain autoimmune disorders trigger a malfunction in the immune response causing an attack on the bodys own cells due to a loss ofimmune tolerance.

Type 1 diabetes is anautoimmune diseasethat occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing islet cells in the pancreas. This attack begins years before type 1 diabetes becomes evident, so by the time someone is diagnosed, extensive damage has already been done and the ability to produceinsulinis lost.

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Track 12:Immune Tolerance

Immunological toleranceis the failure to mount animmuneresponse to an antigen. It can be: Natural or "self"tolerance. This is the failure (a good thing) to attack the body's own proteins and other antigens. If the immunesystem should respond to "self",an autoimmune diseasemay result. Natural or "self" tolerance: Induced tolerance: This is tolerance to externalantigens that has been created by deliberately manipulating theimmune system.

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Track 13:Vaccines and Immunotherapy

Vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to particular disease. It contains certain agent that not only resembles a disease causing microorganism but it also stimulates bodys immune system to recognise the foreign agents. Vaccines are dead or inactivated organisms or purified products derived from them. whole organism vaccines purified macromolecules as vaccines,recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines. The immune system recognizes vaccine agents as foreign, destroys them, and "remembers" them. The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. In order to provide best protection, children are recommended to receive vaccinations as soon as their immune systems are sufficiently developed to respond to particular vaccines with additional "booster" shots often required to achieve "full immunity".

Immunotherapy is treatment that uses certain parts of a persons immune system to fight diseases such as cancer. This can be done in a couple of ways:

Stimulating your own immune system to work harder or smarter to attack cancer cells

Giving you immune system components, such as man-made immune system proteins

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Track 14:Immunologic Techniques, Microbial Control and Therapeutics

Immunological techniques include both experimental methods to study the immune system and methods to generate or use immunological reagents as experimental tools. The most common immunological methods relate to the production and use of antibodies to detect specific proteins in biological samples. Various laboratory techniques exist that rely on the use of antibodies to visualize components of microorganisms or other cell types and to distinguish one cell or organism type from another. Immunologic techniques are used for: Quantitating and detectingantibodiesand/orantigens, Purifying immunoglobulins, lymphokines and other molecules of the immune system, Isolating antigens and other substances important in immunological processes, Labelling antigens and antibodies, Localizing antigens and/or antibodies in tissues and cells, Detecting, and fractionatingimmunocompetent cells, Assaying forcellular immunity, Documenting cell-cell interactions, Initiating immunity and unresponsiveness, Transplantingtissues, Studying items closely related to immunity such as complement,reticuloendothelial systemand others, Molecular techniques for studying immune cells and theirreceptors, Imaging of the immune system, Methods for production or their fragments ineukaryoticandprokaryotic cells.

Microbial control:

Control of microbial growth, as used here, means to inhibit or prevent growth of microorganisms. This control is achieved in two basic ways: (1) by killing microorganisms or (2) by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Control of growth usually involves the use of physical or chemical agents which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Agents which kill cells are called cidal agents; agents which inhibit the growth of cells (without killing them) are referred to as static agents. Thus, the term bactericidal refers to killing bacteria, and bacteriostatic refers to inhibiting the growth of bacterial cells. A bactericide kills bacteria, a fungicide kills fungi, and so on. In microbiology, sterilization refers to the complete destruction or elimination of all viable organisms in or on a substance being sterilized. There are no degrees of sterilization: an object or substance is either sterile or not. Sterilization procedures involve the use of heat, radiation or chemicals, or physical removal of cells.

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Track 15:Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency is a state in which theimmune system's ability to fightinfectious diseaseis compromised or entirely absent. Immunodeficiency disorders prevent your body from adequately fighting infections and diseases. An immunodeficiency disorder also makes it easier for you to catch viruses and bacterial infections in the first place. Immunodeficiency disorders are often categorized as either congenital or acquired. A congenital, or primary, disorder is one you were born with. Acquired, or secondary, disorders are disorders you get later in life. Acquired disorders are more common thancongenital disorders. Immune system includes the following organs: spleen, tonsils, bone marrow, lymph nodes. These organs make and release lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are white blood cells classified as B cells and T cells. B and T cells fight invaders called antigens. B cells release antibodies specific to the disease your body detects. T cells kill off cells that are under attack by disease. An immunodeficiency disorder disrupts your bodys ability to defend itself against these antigens. Types of immunodeficiency disorder are Primary immunodeficiency disorders & Secondary immunodeficiency disorders.

Primary immunodeficiency disorders are immune disorders you are born with. Primary disorders include:

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Severe combined immunodeficiency(SCID)

Secondary disorders happen when an outside source, such as a toxic chemical or infection, attacks your body. Severe burns and radiation also can cause secondary disorders.

Secondary disorders include: AIDS, cancers of the immune system such as leukemia, immune-complex diseases such as viral hepatitis, multiple myeloma.

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Conferenceseries LLC LTD - Immunology

Immunology

Immunology and Serology | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library

December 3, 2018 student

What are immunology and serology?

Immunology is the study of the body's immune system and its functions and disorders. Serology is the study of blood serum (the clear fluid that separates when blood clots).

Immunology and serology laboratories focus on the following:

Identifying antibodies. These are proteins made by a type of white blood cell in response to a foreign substance (antigen) in the body.

Investigating problems with the immune system. These include when the body's immune system attacks its own tissues (autoimmune diseases) and when a body's immune system is underactive (immunodeficiency disorders).

Determining organ,tissue, and fluidcompatibility for transplantation

Test

Uses

Immunoglobulins

These are proteins in the body that have antibody activity.Excessive amounts of these proteinsmay be caused by a variety of conditions including infection, autoimmune disorders, cancers, and chronic diseases. A lack of these proteins may be caused by many conditions including cancers, medicines, and chronic diseases

Rheumatoid factor

Used tohelp classify arthritis and diagnose rheumatoid arthritis. Other tests are often used as well to classify and determine types of arthritis.

HLA (human leukocyte antigens) typing

Tested todetermine compatibility in organ, tissue, and bone marrowtransplantation. Also tested to determine paternity, and to diagnose HLA-related disorders such as certain autoimmune conditions.

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Immunology and Serology | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library

Immunology

StChristophers Hospital – Immunology

December 3, 2018 medical

The Primary Immunodeficiency Program provides specialty care for infants, children, and teens with suspected and known primary immunodeficiency. Included in our patient population are patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia, DiGeorge Syndrome and Job's Syndrome among others. Assistance with providing home intravenous immunoglobulin is provided for our patients. Our medical team is available for telephone consultation for primary care providers who may suspect that a patient has immunodeficiency and will assist in setting up an appointment.

The Section also manages children who are on home intravenous therapies, with coordination, troubleshooting, and assessment of progress. Section staff are available for consultation and management for pediatric and adolescent patients who are prescribed home therapy for acute and chronic conditions. Ideally, we will make contact with these patients prior to discharge, but services are available at any point.

The Dorothy Mann Center provides primary and specialty HIV/AIDS care in a patient-centered medical home model for HIV exposed newborns, for HIV positive infants, children, and teens, and their HIV affected family members. Consultation and treatment for high risk for HIV exposures, including the prescription of regimens for non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are provided on site from our team.Through Ryan White HIV/AIDSProgram funding, the program provides program provides case management, mental health services, psycho-educational groups, and assistance with negotiating the HIV/AIDS services available in the city.

In addition, program staff are available to assist:

St. Christopher's Hospital for Children in Philadelphia has highly qualified experts who are specially trained to work with the individual and unique needs of infants and pediatric patients. The team is led by Daniel Conway, MD, Chief, Section of Immunology. To view a list of our specialists,click here.

For more information or to schedule an appointment, call(215) 427-5284orclick here to visit our other locations.

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StChristophers Hospital - Immunology

Immunology

Immunology – Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

December 3, 2018 medical

Immunology is the study of the immune system. The immune system is the parts of the body which work against infection and parasitism by other living things. Immunology deals with the working of the immune system in health and diseases, and with malfunctions of the immune system.

An immune system is present in all plants and animals. We know this because biologists have found genes coding for toll-like receptors in many different metazoans.[1] These toll-like receptors can recognise bacteria as 'foreign', and are the starting-point for immune reactions. The type of immunity which is triggered by the toll-like receptors is called innate immunity. This is because it is entirely inherited in our genome, and is fully working as soon as our tissues and organs are properly developed.

Vertebrates, and only vertebrates, have a second type of immunity. This is called adaptive immunity, because it 'remembers' previous infections. Then, if the same infection occurs again, the reaction is much stronger and faster. This immunological memory "confers a tremendous survival advantage" and with it vertebrates "can survive over a long lifetime in a pathogen-filled environment".[1]

The innate immune system is usually means all of the cells and systems that does not have to be exposed to a particular pathogen before they can work.

Innate immunity starts with the skin, which is an excellent barrier to infection.

The adaptive immune system includes cells and systems that do require previous exposure to a pathogen. It explains the unique ability of the mammalian immune system to remember previous infections and mount a rapid and robust reaction to secondary infections. This immunological memory is due to the biology of T-cells and B-cells.

Vaccines boost the acquired immune system by offering weak forms of infection that the body can fight off. The system remembers how to do it again when a stronger infection happens. If the vaccine works, the body can then fight off a serious infection.

The distribution of vaccines and other immune system affecting cures can be considered another level of acquired immune system, one governed by access to vaccination and medicine in general. The intersection of this with the spread of disease (as studied in epidemiology) is part of the field of public health.

Errors of the immune system may cause damage. In autoimmune diseases, the body attacks parts of itself because the system mistakes some parts of the body as 'foreign'. Some kinds of arthritis are caused this way.

Sometimes serious pathogens slip in because their surface is disguised as something the host cell walls can accept. That is how viruses work. Once inside a cell, their genetic material controls the cell. Infections like HIV get in this way, and then attack cells which are the basis of the immune system. Artificial means are often used to restore immune system function in an HIV-challenged body, and prevent the onset of AIDS. This is one of the most complex issues in immunology as it involves every level of that system. This research during the 1980s and 1990s radically changed the view of the human immune system and its functions and integration in the human body.

Immunology is a science that examines the structure and function of the immune system. It originates from medicine and early studies on the causes of immunity to disease. The earliest known mention of immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC. Thucydides (460395 BC) noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of some diseases could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time.[2]

In the 18th century, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis made experiments with scorpion venom and observed that certain dogs and mice were immune to this venom.[3] This and other observations of acquired immunity led to Louis Pasteur (18221895) developing vaccination and the germ theory of disease.[4] Pasteur's theory was in direct opposition to contemporary theories of disease, such as the miasma theory. It was not until the proofs Robert Koch (18431910) published in 1891 (for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905) that microorganisms were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease.[5] Viruses were confirmed as human pathogens in 1901, when the yellow fever virus was discovered by Walter Reed (18511902).[6]

Immunology made a great advance towards the end of the 19th century, through rapid developments, in the study of humoral immunity[7] and cellular immunity.[8] Particularly important was the work of Paul Ehrlich (18541915), who proposed the side-chain theory to explain the specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction. The Nobel Prize for 1908 was jointly awarded to Ehrlich and the founder of cellular immunology, Ilya Mechnikov (18451916).[9]

The simplest form of immunity is the DNA restriction system in bacteria that prevents infection by bacteriophages.

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Immunology - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Immunology

Immunology – seattlechildrens.org

October 15, 2018 medical

Immunology is the study of the immune system, which is the body's natural defense against infection. Our Immunology team diagnoses and treats both children and adults who have primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDDs). There are more than 140 of these complex conditions. People with PIDDs are born with immune systems that are not working properly or that are missing needed parts. This makes them more open to serious infection and illness.

Seattle Childrens is one of the few places in the world where doctors are both carrying out research and providing treatment for primary immune deficiency disorders. Our experts in immunology are known around the world for their research into new ways to diagnose, treat and cure PIDDs. This allows us to use what we learn to provide the most advanced care for people with PIDDs. We work closely with theFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centerand theSeattle Cancer Care Allianceto coordinate care for our patients who needbone marrow transplants. Ourlaboratoryoffers the newest and most thorough testing to identify these disorders and their causes.

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Immunology - seattlechildrens.org

Immunology

Immunology | Harvard University – The Graduate School of Arts …

October 7, 2018 medical

Immunology is an area of study within the Division of Medical Sciences, an administrative unit based at Harvard Medical School that coordinates biomedical PhD activities at the Longwood Medical Area. Students who study in Immunology receive a PhD in medical sciences.Prospective students apply throughGSAS; in the online application, select Division of Medical Sciences as your program choiceand select "Immunology" in the Area of Study menu.

The PhD Program in Immunology educates scientists in investigative and academic medicine, preparing them to contribute to immunological research with a full awareness of the potential impact of immunology. The program combines an education in basic biology, a sophisticated training in immunology, and exposure to the immunological and non-immunological problems of disease. It has become the model of an integrated educational program in a growing discipline that now spans several of the classical fields of medical biology (microbiology, genetics, pathology, clinical medicine, and biochemistry, for example).

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Immunology | Harvard University - The Graduate School of Arts ...

Immunology

Current Protocols in Immunology – Wiley Online Library

October 7, 2018 medical

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Immunology

Immunology Graduate Program

October 7, 2018 medical

Welcome!

The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology at The University of Iowa was organized in 1993 as a group to bring together faculty from five departments that share a common interest in teaching students and performing research in Immunobiology. The Program offers classroom and research training leading to a Ph.D. degree which will prepare the student for a career in academic research, industry, or teaching. The learning experience is enhanced by an outstanding seminar series and journal clubs at which the most current immunology research is discussed. Approximately six students are admitted each year, with financial aid available to all those entering the Immunology PhD Program. For additional information or to request an application, contact the Program administration. The program is funded by NIH "Predoctoral Training Program in Immunology" NIAID T32 AI007485.

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Immunology Graduate Program

Immunology

Immunology | Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences

September 30, 2018 medical

Immunology Program Guide

MERGE-INF is specifically designed to provide strong training in basic molecular and cellular immunology, the immunology of chronic diseases, as well as in-depth knowledge of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases including infections. We integrate clinical studies and patient contact throughout the training period.

The realization on the part of the scientific and medical communities that inflammation plays a role in many diseases, causing substantial morbidity and contributing to mortality, has fundamentally changed how we think about pathogenesis. Inflammation is directly involved in asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimers disease, cancer, stroke and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, unipolar and bipolar depression, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Importantly, inflammation is involved in at least 8 of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States today. Given the prevalence of inflammation in the human population, it is clear that research in inflammatory disease and related mechanisms should be a major scientific and medical priority.

The faculty of the Immunology Program is drawn from multiple departments, including Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Medicine, and Molecular Biology & Microbiology. This diversity is a distinct strength of the Program, as it assures the student broad exposure to research topics and approaches. It also maximizes opportunities for a student to find a research faculty advisor to serve as thesis mentor. Students begin the program in the summer with introductory courses and by pairing with clinical mentors that provide direct contact with patients, their diseases and their physicians. This is a critical part of developing translational research approaches to health-related research. Five or six cases are examined in detail and include a variety of diseases, such as endocarditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, scleroderma and asthma. An associated problem-based learning course provides interactive training in the analysis of pathogenesis.

During the first academic year students complete an Introductory course in immunology, biochemistry, advanced cellular immunology, signaling in cells of the immune system and the genetic analysis of immune responses. Beyond the first-year Introduction to Immunology and Biochemistry courses, all courses are based on primary sources and are taught as interactive tutorials. Interactive workshops in data analysis and informatics are part of the training. Training in fellowship grant writing is provided. Students are required to participate in classroom teaching for one semester.

Students complete four laboratory rotations in year one. These introduce the student to hands-on experience in a variety of techniques and research problems and familiarize them with potential thesis laboratories. Because of the flexibility designed into the program, a student may alter career objectives after admission.

The Immunology Program aims to provide a supportive environment that helps each student realize his or her fullest potential. Students are encouraged to work hard, be creative and have the confidence to be exploratory, yet at the same time to understand that science flourishes in an atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration.

We are looking for students with a curiosity-driven passion for research and the ability to perform laboratory-based experiments. The Immunology Program is dedicated to the premise that a diverse student body enriches the educational experience of all.

After a summer that introduces clinical aspect of inflammation and pathogenesis first year students become thoroughly immersed in immunology through foundation and advanced courses in the discipline. They also participate in journal club, seminars and research workshops, in addition to completing four laboratory rotations.

An unusual feature of this program is that students take their qualifying examination at the end of the first year, allowing them to concentrate on their thesis research going forward. The exam consists of a written research proposal and its oral defense. The purpose of this examination is to test the ability of the student to create and critically test hypotheses. A unique feature of our exam is that students are mentored by faculty to learn how real proposals are developed. Upon successful completion of the first year courses and the qualifying examination, students select a research mentor and begin their thesis work.

Thesis research experience is considered the core of a student's training. Students enter their labs at the beginning of year two. Typically, graduates of the Program generate at least two first author papers based on their research. Support to attend national meetings is available.

The Program has a student advisor who acts as an ombudsperson and student advocate.

The thesis research of four most recent PhD graduates illustrate the breadth of the work done by students in the Program:

Elizabeth showed how NEMO (NF-B essential modulator) functions in the T cell receptor activation pathway.

Michelle developed a genetic screen that allowed her to identify Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence factors, in particular, those that counter defense by neutrophils.

Bridget discovered that STING, a known detector of cytoplasmic DNA in macrophages and dendritic cells, is expressed in T cells and regulates their function.

Maria created a three-dimensional model of infection of the human intestine by Cryptosporidium parvum that for the first time allows long-term in vitro propagation of this protozoan parasite.

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Immunology | Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences

Immunology

Master of Science in Immunology – Drexel University College …

September 30, 2018 medical

The Master of Science in Immunology (IMNO) program provides training in various aspects of research related specifically to basic, translational and clinical research in the fields of immunology and inflammatory disease; in particular, the program focuses on research and development relevant to new immunodiagnostics, immunotherapeutics, and vaccines to prevent and/or treat infectious diseases such HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, influenza, malaria and many other viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal pathogens.

The Immunology program is ideally suited for enhancing the scientific credentials of the following groups:

If you prefer an online learning experience, you can still earn a Drexel master's degree in the field of immunology. The online Master of Science in Immunology program features the same curriculum, flexibility, course content, and instructors as the traditional, face-to-face degree program.

Learn more about the online Master of Science in Immunology program!

We offer online open houses for prospective students who would like to learn more about the program. View a list of upcoming open houses

The Immunology program is designed to be convenient and flexible to accommodate students. It features:

The program can now also be completed online, with all required courses and many elective courses available.

Foreign applicants who enter the English Language Center (ELC) of Drexel University, who have obtained a baccalaureate degree in the biological or life sciences, may apply for provisional admission to the Master of Science in Immunology program offered by Drexel University College of Medicine. The faculty of the immunology program is working closely with the faculty of the ELC to incorporate programmatically relevant content into the English language instruction program, with the goal of providing essential academic and language skills for optimal preparation for the immunology program. Successful acceptance into the immunology program following provisional admission will be dependent upon fulfilling the academic requirements as defined by ELC.

For acceptance into the Master of Science in Immunology program, the applicant must have completed a four-year biology or chemistry-based BA or BS degree program with undergraduate coursework in biology, microbiology, immunology, chemistry, biochemistry, mathematics, and/or other related subjects. Although a minimum cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 3.00 is strongly desired, an applicant with a lower cumulative GPA will be considered if other strengths are apparent in the application.

To be considered for acceptance, an applicant must provide the following as part of a complete online application for admission:

Although standardized test scores are not required for admission, official copies of scores from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) will be considered if submitted as part of the application.

International applicants (non-United States citizens) must meet the same requirements for admission as students from the United States. In addition to the above requirements, applicants whose native language is not English must demonstrate the ability to speak, write, and understand the English language by submitting an acceptable score from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or International English Language Testing System (IELTS).

Acceptance into the program will be decided by considering the sum of the applicant's undergraduate curriculum, cumulative GPA, GRE/MCAT scores, recommendation letters, and relevant research and professional experience.

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Master of Science in Immunology - Drexel University College ...