Index Copernicus Value: 67.47

Immunology is a branch of biomedical science which deals with an organisms response towards an invading environmental factor. This process involves a complex interplay of invading particle and defence system of the host organism along with successive cascading molecular mechanism to eliminate the invading agent.

This peer reviewed journal includesclinical and cellular Immunologicalaspects such asSystemic Lupus Erythmatosus,Cancer Immunology, Tumor Biology,Macrophage Polarization,Transplantation Immunology, Innate Immunology, Adaptive Immunity, Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Vaccine Development,Signal Transduction, Innate Immunity, Cancer Immunotherapy,Inflammatory Disorders, Medical Immunology,Diagnostic Immunology, Clinical Immunology, HIV Immunology,Allergy & Immunology,Immunomodulation,Multiple Sclerosis, Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Clinical & Vaccine Immunology, Clinical Experimental Immunology, T-cell Immunologyetc.

This Science Journal publishes research articles, reviews, case studies, commentaries, short communications, and letters to the editor on various aspects of Cellular and Clinical Immunology making them freely available worldwide.To attain high impact factor, quality articles are expected from all over the world for this open access and peer reviewed front running journal.

Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology is using Editorial Manager System for quality in review process. Editorial Manager is an online manuscript submission, review and tracking systems used by most of the best open access journals. Review processing is performed by the editorial board members of Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology or outside experts; at least two independent reviewers approval followed by editor's approval is required for acceptance of any citable manuscript. Annual reviews of Immunology Journal is also shared with authors.

Authors are requested to submit manuscripts at http://www.editorialmanager.com/clinicalgroup/ or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at clinimmunology@immunologyjournals.com; cjm.eic.jcci@omicsonline.org

OMICS International organizes 1000+ conferences every year across USA, Europe & Asia with support from 1000 more scientific societies and publishes 700+ open access journals which contains over 50000 eminent personalities, reputed scientists as editorial board members.

Clinical immunology is the branch of Immunology that deals with studies of diseases caused due to immune system disorders. Clinical Immunology falls into two categories Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity. Immunodeficiency is a category in which adequate response is not provided by the immune system. Whereas in Autoimmunity the immune system attacks its own host body. Related Journals of Clinical Immunology

Immunology Journals: Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, Rheumatology: Current Research, Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Autoimmunity Journal, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Autoimmunity Reviews, Clinical Immunology, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Current Opinion in Immunology, Journal of Asthma.

Cellular immunology deals with activities of cells in experimental or clinical situations. It is the interactions among cells and molecules of the immune system that contribute to the recognition and elimination of pathogens.

Related Journals of Cellular Immunology

Open Access Immunology Journals: Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, Rheumatology: Current Research, Cellular Immunology, Central-European Journal of Immunology, Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Developmental Immunology, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

Translational immunology is the process the use immunological discoveries to develop practical solutions for human problems. Examples include the development of vaccines or the engineering of new types of drugs to treat disorders.

Related Journals of Translational Immunology Immunology Journals List: Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, International Immunology, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Advances in Immunology, Cellular Immunology, Critical Reviews in Immunology.

Transplantation Immunology deals with monitoring Immune responses provided by the body for transplantation to prevent rejection of transplanted tissue or organ.

Related Journals of Transplantation Immunology

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, Immunome Research, Rheumatology: Current Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Clinical Transplantation, Xenotransplantation, Annals of Transplantation, Cellular Therapy and Transplantation, Progress in Transplantation.

Neuroinflammatory disorder is the study of conditions where immune responses which damage components of the nervous system. It includes many neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease and Multiple Sclerosis. It is also associated with aging and Traumatic brain injury.

Related Journals of Neuroinflammatory Disorders

Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, Rheumatology: Current Research, Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of Neuroinflammation, Multiple Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, Parkinsonism and Related Disorders.

Tumour immunology is the study of interactions between the immune system and tumour cells. It aims to discover innovative cancer immunotherapies to treat and retard progression of the disease.

Related Journals of Tumor Immunology

Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, Rheumatology: Current Research, Tumor Biology, Brain Tumor Pathology, Immunology Reviews, Tumor Targeting, Journal of Tumor Marker Oncology, Nature Immunology, Tumor Diagnostik und Therapie, Cancer Case Presentations: The Tumor Board.

Vaccine Immunology deals with preparation of vaccine based on immune response of the body. Vaccine can be antigenic substance prepared from the causative agent of a disease or a synthetic substitute to provide immunity against that disease.

Related Journals of Vaccine Immunology

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, Immunome Research, Rheumatology: Current Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, Paediatric Food Allrgy, Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Paediatric Immunology, Journal of Immune Based Therapies and Vaccines, Paediatric Allergy & Immunology, Vaccine & immunization news : the newsletter of the Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization.

Adaptive immunity is an important part of the immune system. It is protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by B- and T- lymphocytes following exposure to specific antigen, and characterized by immunological memory.

Related Journals of Adaptive Immunity

Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, Rheumatology: Current Research, Genes and Immunity, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, Immunity and Ageing, Autoimmunity Highlights, Open Autoimmunity Journal.

Inflammatory abnormalities results in the body own immune system attacking the cells or tissues and may cause inflammation, which results in chronic pain, redness, swelling, stiffness, and damage to normal tissues.

Related Journals of Inflammatory Disorders

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, Immunome Research, Rheumatology: Current Research, Journal of Allergy & Immunology, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Inflammation and Allergy - Drug Targets, Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection, European Journal of Inflammation, Journal of Inflammation.

Ocular Immunology is the understanding of the immune response towards various allergies, inflammation and infections of ocular tissue including retina and uveitis.

Related Journals of Ocular Immunology and inflammation

Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, Rheumatology: Current Research, Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, Journal of Ocular Biology, Diseases, and Informatics, Clinica Oculistica e Patologia Oculare.

It is the scientific study of infections caused by different microorganism which can lead to discovery of potent anti-microbial drug and other antibiotics.

Related Journals of Microbial Immunology

Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, Rheumatology: Current Research, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Asthma Journal, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Trends in Microbiology, Current Opinion in Microbiology, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

Immunodiagnostics is a diagnostic method that relies on antigen-antibody reaction for detection of the disease. Immunologic methods are used as tools in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases and immune-mediated diseases. They have high specificity and sensitivity which all depends on the value of antibody detection.

Related Journals of Diagnostic Immunology

Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Supplement, Journal of Immunology Research, Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews.

viral immunology is the study of viral infections and immune responses towards viral infections which can cause deleterious effect on the functions of the cells. It includes both DNA and RNA viral infections.

Related Journals of Viral Immunology

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, Immunome Research, Rheumatology: Current Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Viral Immunology, International Immunology, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology.

Immunotherapy is a form of preventive and anti-inflammatory treatment of allergy. It also deals with the study of identification of allergen and inflammatory mediators involved in allergic reaction and its treatment.

Related Journals of Allergy Immunology

Immunome Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, Rheumatology: Current Research, Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

Evolutionary immunology is the study of the evolution of immunity and the immune system over ages. It includes the study and historical development of the ability to recognize foreign antigenic material.

Related Journals of Evolutionary Immunology

Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research, Immunome Research, Rheumatology: Current Research, Journal of Allergy & Therapy, Trends in Immunology, Transplant Immunology, European Journal of Immunology, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Advances in Immunology.

Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology is supporting 4th International Conference and Exhibition on Clinical & Cellular Immunology which is going to be held during September 28-30, 2015, at Houston, USA. The theme of the conference is From Basic Immune Understanding to Clinical Breakthroughs.

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Immunology Journals | Peer Reviewed | High Impact Articles list

Parasitology Conferences|Immunology Meetings|ImmunologyConferences: Conferencesseries invites all the participants from all over the world to attend'4th International Conference on Parasitology' during September 01-02, 2017 in Prague, Czech Republic which includes prompt keynote presentations, Oral talks, Poster presentations and Exhibitions. With members from around the world focused on learning about parasitology and its advances; this is your best opportunity to reach the largest assemblage of participants from the parasitology community. Conduct presentations, distribute information, meet with current and potential scientists, make a splash with new drug developments, and receive name recognition at this 2-days event. World-renowned speakers, the most recent techniques, developments, and the newest updates in Parasitology are hallmarks of this conference.

Conference Highlights:Parasitology,Medical Parasitology,Parasite Treatments,Skin Parasites,Parasitic Worms,Stool Parasites,Advances in Parasite Medications,Eye Parasites,Brain Parasites,Blood Parasites,Parasite Remedies,Fish Parasitic Diseases,Water Parasites,Veterinary Parasitology,Experimental Immunoparasitology,Structural and Molecular Parasitology,Vector-Borne Viral Diseases,Tropical Medicine Parasitology,Pathogenesis and Immunity,Malaria Research,Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogens in Tropical Veterinary Medicine,Approaches: Parasitic Disease Control.

Related Conferences:3rd World Conference on Parasitology, July 12-14, 2017, Chicago, USA, International Conference on Infection Control, September 25-26, 2017, Chicago, USA, 8thMolecular Immunology & Immunogenetics Congress, March 20-21, 2017 Rome, Italy, 9th World Conference & Expo on Immunology, November 02-03, 2017, Atlanta, USA, 8th European Immunology Conference, June 29-July 01, 2017, Madrid, Spain, 5thWorld Congress on Infectious Diseases, August 21-23, 2017 San Francisco, California, USA, 10th World Congress on Healthcare & Technologies, July 17-18, 2017 Lisbon, Portugal.

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Immunology Conferences | Global Events | Meetings | USA ...

The Science of Immunology

The science of Immunology encompasses the study of the development, anatomy functions and malfunctions of the immune system, all of which are of fundamental importance to the understanding of human disease. The immune system is made up of many types of molecules and cells that are distributed in every tissue of the body, as well as specialized lymphoid organs, which act in a coordinated manner to prevent or eliminate microbial infections, to suppress the growth of tumors, and to initiate repair of damaged tissues. The immune system normally recognizes and responds to foreign molecules or damaged self, but not healthy host cells and tissues. The innate immune system maintains barriers to microbial invasion and provides critical biochemical and cellular first responders to infections that are absolutely essential for survival in a world teeming with microbes. Innate immune recognition initiates stereotypical inflammatory or anti-viral responses to a limited number of molecular patterns that are shared by different pathogens or expressed by injured or infected host cells. The more highly evolved adaptive immune system relies on collections of millions of clones of B and T lymphocytes to provide protection for the host, each clone capable of recognizing a distinct molecule. Furthermore, B and T lymphocytes are capable of differentiating into several different types of effector cells that perform distinct functions, and into long-lived memory cells that prevent or minimize repeat infections by a microbe.

Many diseases occur when there are fundamental defects in the immune system, or when the normal immune system is challenged in ways that evoke responses that damage rather than protect host cells and tissues. These diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in every human population worldwide. Immunodeficiency diseases are manifest by increased risk of infections and tumors, and are caused by gene mutations, malnutrition, certain viruses such as HIV, or by treatments for cancer. Immune responses that are inappropriately targeted against self-molecules result in autoimmunity, which is manifest by diverse clinical problems related to the tissues or organs involved. Autoimmune diseases are caused by a combination of inherited genes and environmental factors that result in a failure of the mechanisms of self-tolerance and immune regulation. Excessive or chronic immune responses to infections are often the cause of disease related to certain microbes that are not cytopathic by themselves. Similarly, immune responses to otherwise nonpathogenic environmental antigens are the basis for allergic diseases. As the science of Immunology has progressed, it has become clear that immune responses are key to the development of many common disorders not traditionally viewed as immunologic in nature, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases.

Harvard investigators have historically made many major contributions to the field of Immunology (see History of Immunology at Harvard). Current research activities at Harvard Medical School and affiliated institutions promise to bring more important discoveries and development of new therapies. Some examples of these activities include:

Browse People and Labs to find out more about the current scope of Harvard Immunology research.

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What is immunology? | Harvard Immunology

Departmental Focus

Immunology is the study of the immune system, the body's defense against infectious disease. In this complex system a defect in a single gene or the control of a single cell can have an enormous effect on the health of the individual. In this way, the immune system and cancer are similar. The Department of Immunology at St. Jude studies the biology of the system whose cells are a major source of childhood cancers, and by understanding these cells and how they are controlled, we gain new insights into such cancers.

Department of Immunology MS 351, Room E7050 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 262 Danny Thomas Place Memphis, TN 38105-3678

Email: douglas.green@stjude.org Phone: (901) 595-3488 Fax: (901) 595-5766

Preferred contact method: email

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Immunology - St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital

The Immunology Service at CHOP provides sensitive, patient-centered care to children and young adults with immune deficiencies. Our team team works closely with your whole family to provide education about immune deficiencies, as well as comprehensive immunology therapies.

We also help connect you with other families facing similar medical challenges, so you can learn from others who understand your experiences.

Primary immune deficiency disease can present in many ways including recurrent infections, unusual infections and autoimmune diseases. Our expert staff is world renowned in the diagnosis of these diseases. Our Clinical Immunology Laboratory provides advanced diagnostic tools, which are critical to finding an accurate diagnosis for your child and beginning a treatment plan that will improve her quality of life.

Particular areas of clinical emphasis include:

Each of the nearly 150 primary immune deficiency diseases has a specific therapy. We offer the most up-to-date therapies for our patients.

Many patients can be treated with probiotics, medications and other interventions to improve their quality of life. Hospital admissions are infrequent and the emphasis is on a normal life style. We work with our Day Medicine Unit for infusion therapy and use home care to maximize time spent at home.

Our Transition Clinic supports young adults as they become more independent and their medical needs change. We emphasize management of immune deficiencies as a way of life rather than an illness that restricts opportunities.

The Immunology Service participates in longitudinal registries of patients with immune deficiencies that aim to define optimal treatments of these diseases. These studies include USIDNET, CIBMTR and PIDTC. Ongoing research efforts are focused on:

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Immunology Service | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Conference Series LLClook forward to welcoming all the participants across the globe to attend19thEuro Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccinationgoing to be held duringJune 19-21, 2016 in Paris, France. The conference highlights the theme Accelerating Next Generation Vaccines for Global Health covering all important aspects in Vaccines and therapeutics.

Euro Vaccines 2017conference features highly enlightening and interactive sessions to encourage the exchange of ideas across a wide range of disciplines in the field of vaccination and therapeutics. The conference includes explicit keynote talks from distinguished scientists, plenary sessions, Poster competition, Young Researcher sessions, Symposiums, Workshop and Exhibitions.

Track 1:Human Vaccines - Infectious & Non Infectious Diseases

Avaccineis an inactivated form of bacteria or virus that is injected into the body to simulate an actualinfection. Because the injected microorganisms are 'dead,' they don't cause a person to become sick. Instead, vaccines stimulate animmune responseby the body that will fight off that type of illness. It covers infectious disease targets and non-infectious disease targets. To generate vaccine-mediated protection is a complex challenge. Currently available vaccines have largely been developed empirically, with little or no understanding on how they activate theimmune system. Their early protective efficacy is primarily conferred by the induction of antigen-specific antibodies. However, there is more to antibody-mediated protection than the peak of vaccine-induced antibody titers.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 2:Vaccine Research & Development:

Vaccine Developmentis an activity that focuses on a variety of technological initiatives and applied research, which enhance and promote improved systems and practices for vaccine safety. In the past year, the unprecedentedEbola diseaseoutbreak galvanized research and industry response and as we continue to search for solutions, we must review the lessons learned in order to overcome the current challenges. Vaccines development is a long, complex process, often lasting 10-15 years and involving a combination of public and private involvement. The current system for developing, testing, and regulating vaccines developed during the 20th century as the groups involved standardized their procedures and regulations.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 3:Cancer Vaccines:

Immunotherapeuticsis treatment that uses your body's own immune system to help fight cancer. Get information about the different types of immunotherapy and the types of cancer they are used to treat. The main types of immunotherapy now being used to treat cancer include:

Some types ofimmunotherapyare also sometimes called biologic therapy or biotherapy.

In the last few decades immunotherapy has become an important part of treating some types of cancer. Newer types of immune treatments are now being studied, and theyll impact how we treat cancer in the future.

Immunotherapy includes treatments that work in different ways. Some boost the bodys immune system in a very general way. Others help train the immune system to attack cancer cells specifically. Immunotherapy works better for some types of cancer than for others. Its used by itself for some of these cancers, but for others it seems to work better when used with other types of treatment.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; InternationalConference on Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, July 28-30, 2016, Australia; 12th Euro GlobalSummit on Cancer Therapy, Sept 26-28, 2016, UK; InternationalConference and Exhibition on Pediatric Oncology, Aug 4-6, 2016, Canada; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; World;Vaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 4:HIV Vaccines:

AnAIDSvaccine does not yet exist, but efforts to develop a vaccine against HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, have been underway for many years. An HIV vaccine could be effective in either of two ways. A preventive vaccine would stopHIV infectionoccurring altogether, whereas a therapeutic vaccine would not stop infection, but would prevent or delay illness in people who do become infected, and might also reduce the risk of them transmitting the virus to other people. Although a preventive vaccine would be ideal, therapeutic vaccines would also be highly beneficial. The basic idea behind allHIV vaccinesis to encourage the humanimmune systemto fight HIV.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; AnnualConference on Virulent HIV Vaccines, July 28-30, 2016 Thailand; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; HIV Research for Prevention 2016, 17-21 October, Chicago, USA; InternationalAIDS Conference2016, July 17-19, 2016, Durban, South Africa;HIV Trials Network Meeting, MAY 18-20, 2016, Washington D.C., USA;HIV Vaccines(X8), March 2024, 2016, California, USA;HIV Research for Prevention2016 (HIVR4P), October 17- 20, 2016, Chicago, USA

Track 5:Vaccines safety& Efficacy:

Vaccines are the best defense we have against serious, preventable, and sometimes deadlycontagious diseases. Vaccines are some of the safest medical products available, but like any other medical product, there may behealth risk. Accurate information about the value of vaccines as well as their possibleside-effectshelps people to make informed decisions about vaccination. The safety of vaccines is carefully monitored, starting early in the product development and continuing for as long as the vaccine is being used. Find out about what is done before and after vaccines are approved for use and what is known about the benefits and safety of specific vaccines. There is a lot of false information about vaccines safety on the Internet. This can be confusing. Discover the answers to common questions and concerns about vaccines.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 6:Vaccination for Pregnant Women:

Vaccines can help keep you and your growing family healthy. If you are pregnant or planning apregnancy, the specific vaccinations you need are determined by factors such as your age, lifestyle, medical conditions you may have, such as asthma or diabetes, type and locations of travel, and previous vaccinations. Benefits of vaccinating pregnant women usually outweigh potential risks when the likelihood of disease exposure is high, when infection would pose a risk to the mother or fetus, and when the vaccine is unlikely to cause harm. All women who will be pregnant (any trimester) during the flu season should be offered this vaccine. Talk to your doctor to see if this applies to you.Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis(Tdap): Tdap is recommended during pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 36 weeks' gestation, to protect baby from whooping cough.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Pregnancy Summit& Child Health, Aug 29-31, 2016, Brazil; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 7:Childhood Vaccines:

Vaccinationgiven to children is called childrenImmunization. It is currently recommended that all children receive vaccination against the infectious diseases unless the child has special circumstances, such as a compromised immune system orneurological disorders. In our mobile society, over a million people each day people travel to and from other countries, where many vaccine-preventable diseases remain relatively common. Without vaccines, epidemics of many preventable diseases could return, resulting in increased - and unnecessary - illness, disability, and death among children.

We have record or near record low levels of vaccine-preventable childhood diseases in the United States, but that does not mean these have disappeared. Many of the viruses and bacteria are still circulating in this country or are only a plane ride away. Thats why its important that children, especially infants and young children receive recommended immunizations on time.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 8:Vaccine Adjuvants & Delivery Technologies:

Vaccine adjuvants - is an ingredient of a vaccine that helps create a stronger immune response in the patients body. In other words, adjuvants help vaccines work better. Some vaccines made from weakened or dead germs contain naturally occurring adjuvants and help the body produce a strong protectiveimmune response. However, most vaccines developed today include just small components of germs, such as their proteins, rather than the entire virus or bacteria. These vaccines often must be made with adjuvants to ensure the body produces an immune response strong enough to protect the patient from the germ he or she is being vaccinated against. Aluminum gels or aluminum salts are vaccines ingredients that have been used in vaccines since the 1930s. Small amounts of aluminum are added to help the body build strongerimmunityagainst the germ in the vaccine. Aluminum is one of the most common metals found in nature and is present in air, food, and water. The amount of aluminum present in vaccines is low and is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Drug deliverysystems are engineered technologies for the targeted delivery and/or controlled release of therapeutic agents. Drugs have long been used to improve health and extend lives. The practice of drug delivery has changed dramatically in the last few decades and even greater changes are anticipated in the near future. Biomedical engineers have not only contributed substantially to our understanding of the physiological barriers to efficient drug deliverysuch as transport in the circulatory system and drug movement through cells and tissuesthey have contributed to the development of a number of new modes of drug delivery that have entered clinical practice. Role of vaccine delivery technologies includes rational development of vaccines, achievingimmunizationgoals, supporting best clinical practice.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 8th InternationalConference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutics & Novel Drug Delivery Systems, March 7-9, 2016, Spain; 9th WorldDrug Delivery Summit, June 30-July 2, 2016, USA; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE;Drug Delivery CongressEurope, Germany; 13th Annual InternationalNanomedicine and Drug Delivery Symposium, USA;Vaccines for Children & Vaccine Preventable Disease ConferenceSouth Iselin, NJ; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA

Track 9:Immunization for Older Adults:

Vaccines are an important part of routine preventive care for older adults, but most adults dont get their vaccines as recommended. Omittingvaccinationleaves adults needlessly vulnerable to severe illnesses, long-term suffering and death from preventable infections. Vaccines are recommended for adults of all ages, they are particularly important for older persons who are at great risk of serious debilitating consequences and death frominfectious diseases. Vaccination is particularly important for individuals living in nursing homes or assisted living facilities, as disease can spread easily among people in close proximity.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Geriatric Medicine Conference, Nov 17-19, 2016, USA; 3rd InternationalConference on Geriatrics & Gerontology, Aug 15-17, 2016, UK; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 10:Vaccines against Viral and Bacterial Diseases:

Most vaccines againstviral infectionare effective at preventing disease. However, they are not 100% effective for a number of reasons, reactions can occur after vaccinations.

It is difficult for many of us today to appreciate the dangers of childhood viral infections.

Most of the vaccines in use againstvirusesare very effective at preventingdisease. However, for a variety of reasons, they can fail:

The different vaccine combinations at each time point do not interfere with one another and there is no increased risk of serious side-effects when they are given at the same time.

Bacterial vaccines contain killed or attenuated bacteria that activate the immune system. Antibodies are built against that particular bacteria, and prevents bacterial infection later.

Most vaccines against bacterial infections are effective at preventing disease, reactions can occur after vaccinations. Vaccines are available againsttuberculosis,diphtheria,tetanus,pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type B,cholera, typhoid, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia;Vaccine Summit, UK; BIT's 6th AnnualWorld Congress of Vaccine, China; 9thVaccines & ISV Congress, South Korea; WorldVaccines Congress, USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 2ndAntivirals CongressMassachusetts, United States;Vaccinology conferenceSydney Australia;Vaccines R&D conference-2015 A New Era in Vaccine Discovery Baltimore, USA; MoldovaVaccine Summit, UK;Immunotherapy and Vaccine SummitBoston, USA

Track 11:DNA Vaccines:

DNA vaccinationis a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response.

Vaccinationconsists of stimulating the immune system with an infectious agent, or components of an infectious agent, modified in such a manner that no harm or disease is caused, but ensuring that when the host is confronted with that infectious agent, the immune system can adequately neutralize it before it causes any ill effect. For over a hundred years vaccination has been effected by one of two approaches: either introducing specific antigens against which the immune system reacts directly; or introducing live attenuated infectious agents that replicate within the host without causing disease synthesize the antigens that subsequently prime theimmune system.

The field of DNA vaccination is developing rapidly. Vaccines currently being developed use not only DNA, but also include adjuncts that assist DNA to enter cells, target it towards specific cells, or that may act as adjuvants in stimulating or directing theimmune response. Ultimately, the distinction between a sophisticated DNA vaccine and a simple viral vector may not be clear. Many aspects of the immune response generated by DNA vaccines are not understood. However, this has not impeded significant progress towards the use of this type of vaccine in humans, and clinical trials have begun.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 12:HPV Vaccines:

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)vaccine is an inactivated (not live) vaccine which protects against four major types of HPV.

These include two types that cause about 70% of cervical cancer and two types that cause about 90% of genital warts. HPV vaccine can prevent most genital warts and most cases of cervical cancer. Protection from HPV vaccine is expected to be long-lasting. But vaccinated women still need cervical cancer screening because the vaccine does not protect against all HPV types that cause cervical cancer.

RoutineHPV Vaccination

It is important for girls to get HPV vaccine before their first sexual contact -- because they have not been exposed to HPV. For these girls, the vaccine can prevent almost 100% of disease caused by the four types of HPV targeted by the vaccine. However, if a girl or woman is already infected with a type of HPV, the vaccine will not prevent disease from that type. The vaccine is also recommended for girls and women 13 through 26 years of age who did not receive it when they were younger.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; InternationalConference on Human Papillomavirus, May 2-3, 2016, USA; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 13:Tuberculosis Vaccines:

BCG, or bacille Calmette-Guerin (Tuberculosis Vaccines), is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Many foreign-born persons have been BCG-vaccinated. BCG is used in many countries with a high prevalence of TB to prevent childhood tuberculousmeningitisand miliary disease. However, Tuberculosis Vaccine is not generally recommended for use in the United States because of the low risk of infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis, the variable effectiveness of the vaccine against adult pulmonary TB, and the vaccines potential interference with tuberculin skin test reactivity. The Tuberculosis Vaccine should be considered only for very select persons who meet specific criteria and in consultation with a TB expert.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; The 2016TB Summit: 21 23 June 2016, London, UK;EMBO conference Tuberculosis2016, September 19-23, 2016, Paris, France; 20th AnnualTB Conference, February 24-27, 2016, Colorado, USA; ICTT 2016 : 18th InternationalConference on Tuberculosis Therapy, February 25 - 26, 2016, London, United Kingdom; 47th Union WorldConference on Lung Health, 25-29 October 2016, Liverpool, UK; Joint 20thConference of The Union North America Region and the National TB Controllers Association, 24-27 February 2016, Colorado, USA

Track 14:Mucosal vaccines:

Mostinfectious agentsenter the body at mucosal surfaces and therefore mucosal immune responses function as a first line of defence. Protective mucosal immune responses are most effectively induced by mucosal immunization through oral, nasal, rectal or vaginal routes, but the vast majority of vaccines in use today are administered by injection. Immunisation involves the delivery of antigens to the mucosalimmune system(dispersed or organised into units such as Peyers patches in the intestine or the nasal-associated lymphoidtissuein the oropharangeal cavity). The antigen delivery systems may comprise a simple buffer solution with/without adjuvants or an advanced particulate formulation, such as liposomes or nanoparticles. The most commonly evaluated route for mucosal antigen delivery is oral, but other routes have also been explored.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 15:Vaccines for Vector-borne Diseases:

Vaccines that target blood-feeding disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, have the potential to protect against the many diseases caused by vector-borne pathogens.Vector-borne diseasesare among the most complex of all infectious diseases to prevent and control. Vector- borne diseases, most of which are transmitted in and around the home, are best controlled by a combination of vector control (use of public health insecticides on bednets, or by spraying), medicines and vaccines.

Historically, successful vector-borne disease prevention resulted from management or elimination of vector populations.Malariawas driven out of the USA and most of Europe in this way. Where vector control has been consistently applied in the past, the results have been dramatic, especially with early efforts to control malaria by spraying the inside surfaces of houses with insecticides. Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticide treated bednets have been very effective over the last 10 years and are widely regarded as one of the main contributors to the more than 1 million lives saved.

In contrast to expenditure and effort on medicine, diagnostic andvaccine development, relatively little attention was given to vector control in the past. The foresighted establishment of IVCC in 2005, with a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation began the process of bringing Vector Control into the mainstream strategy for future eradication of malaria and other vector-borne diseases.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; InternationalConference on Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, July 28-30, 2016, Australia; 12th Euro GlobalSummit on Cancer Therapy, Sept 26-28, 2016, UK; InternationalConference and Exhibition on Pediatric Oncology, Aug 4-6, 2016, Canada; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 16:Human Preventive& Therapeutic Vaccines:

Apreventative vaccineis administered to a person who is free of the targeted infection. By introducing a part of the virus or an inactive virus (which acts like a decoy) into the body, the immune system reacts by producing antibodies. Preventive vaccines are widely used to prevent diseases likepolio,chicken pox,measles, mumps, rubella,influenza(flu), and hepatitis A and B.

In addition to preventive vaccines, there are also therapeutic vaccines. These are vaccines that are designed to treat people who already have a disease. Some scientists prefer to refer to therapeutic vaccines as therapeutic immunogens.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 11thGlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, Sept 12-14, 2016, USA; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; NationalAdult & Influenza Immunization SummitNAIIS, May 1012, 2016; 10th ISVAnnual Vaccine Congress, Oct. 2-4, 2016, Boston, USA; WorldVaccines Congress, 10-12 April, Washington D.C., USA; 6thImmunotherapeutics Immunomonitoring ConferenceCalifornia, USA; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA

Track 17:Plant-based vaccines:

Plant-basedvaccinesare recombinant protein subunit vaccines. Ideally, the choice of plant species used to produce the selected antigen should allow for oraldrug deliveryin the form of an edible vaccine. To date, the most advanced human vaccine projects have successfully completed phase I clinical trials, andanimal vaccineprojects have given promising data in early phase trials targeting specific animal species.

The plant-based vaccine production method works by isolating a specific antigen protein, one that triggers a humanimmune responsefrom the targeted virus. A gene from the protein is transferred to bacteria, which are then used to infect plant cells. The plants then start producing the exact protein that will be used for vaccinations. The flexibility of the plant expressed vaccine system, combined with its low cost and ability to massively scale may provide vaccine protection not only to citizens of the United States, but to many parts of the world that cannot currently afford vaccines. Other uses of plant expressed vaccines including the successful creation of edible bananas that protect against the Norwalk virus.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

Track 18: Veterinary vaccines:

Veterinary vaccinesare to improve the health and welfare of companion animals, increase production of livestockin a cost-effective manner, and prevent animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife. Several vaccine types can de distinguished among the second-generation veterinary vaccines, depending whether they are live or inactivated, according to the strain of rabies virus used and the characteristics of the cell substrate chosen for viral replication. More recently a third generation of live veterinary rabies vaccine has been developed using recombinant technology. Depending upon the expression system these vaccines are used either parenterally or orally.Oral rabies vaccinesare widely used in foxes in Europe and in racoons in the USA.

Vaccines Conferences|Immunology Conferences|World Vaccines Congress

Vaccines Conferences, June 19-21, 2017, Paris, France;Children Vaccines Conference, Oct 10-12, 2016 Rome, Italy; 13thAnnualConference on H1N1 & Influenza Vaccines, December 01-02, 2016, Chicago, USA; 14th GlobalVaccines & Vaccination Summit and Expo, December 05-06, 2016, UAE; 12th Asia Pacific GlobalSummit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination, November 24-25, Australia; 10thVaccine Congress, 4-7 September 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, USA; FDAVaccines & Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting(VRBPAC) May 11, 2016, MD, USA; WyomingImmunization Conference, May 1112, 2016, WY, USA; 14thAnnual Vaccines & Therapeutics, May 1719, 2016, Washington D.C., USA; 2016 NationalConference on Immunization Coalitions & Partnerships, May 2527, 2016, USA; Annual PennsylvaniaImmunization Conference, June 16, 2016, PA,USA

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Archive of "Immunology".

Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms.[1] It charts, measures, and contextualizes the: physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology.

Prior to the designation of immunity from the etymological root immunis, which is Latin for "exempt"; early physicians characterized organs that would later be proven as essential components of the immune system. The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids, and liver. When health conditions worsen to emergency status, portions of immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.

Many components of the immune system are typically cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ; but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.

Classical immunology ties in with the fields of epidemiology and medicine. It studies the relationship between the body systems, pathogens, and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BCE. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon, but it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries before the concept developed into scientific theory.

The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system, including their function and interaction, is the central science of immunology. The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system and, in vertebrates, an acquired or adaptive immune system. The latter is further divided into humoral (or antibody) and cell-mediated components.

The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells known as Blymphocytes, while antigens are defined as anything that elicits the generation of antibodies ("anti"body "gen"erators). Immunology rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities and the cellular response to both.

Immunological research continues to become more specialized, pursuing non-classical models of immunity and functions of cells, organs and systems not previously associated with the immune system (Yemeserach 2010).

Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features.

The diseases caused by disorders of the immune system fall into two broad categories:

Other immune system disorders include various hypersensitivities (such as in asthma and other allergies) that respond inappropriately to otherwise harmless compounds.

The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is AIDS, an immunodeficiency characterized by the suppression of CD4+ ("helper") T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Clinical immunologists also study ways to prevent the immune system's attempts to destroy allografts (transplant rejection).

The bodys capability to react to antigen depends on a person's age, antigen type, maternal factors and the area where the antigen is presented.[2]Neonates are said to be in a state of physiological immunodeficiency, because both their innate and adaptive immunological responses are greatly suppressed. Once born, a childs immune system responds favorably to protein antigens while not as well to glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In fact, many of the infections acquired by neonates are caused by low virulence organisms like Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. In neonates, opsonic activity and the ability to activate the complement cascade is very limited. For example, the mean level of C3 in a newborn is approximately 65% of that found in the adult. Phagocytic activity is also greatly impaired in newborns. This is due to lower opsonic activity, as well as diminished up-regulation of integrin and selectin receptors, which limit the ability of neutrophils to interact with adhesion molecules in the endothelium. Their monocytes are slow and have a reduced ATP production, which also limits the newborn's phagocytic activity. Although, the number of total lymphocytes is significantly higher than in adults, the cellular and humoral immunity is also impaired. Antigen-presenting cells in newborns have a reduced capability to activate Tcells. Also, Tcells of a newborn proliferate poorly and produce very small amounts of cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, and IFN-g which limits their capacity to activate the humoral response as well as the phagocitic activity of macrophage. Bcells develop early during gestation but are not fully active.[3]

Maternal factors also play a role in the bodys immune response. At birth, most of the immunoglobulin present is maternal IgG. Because IgM, IgD, IgE and IgA dont cross the placenta, they are almost undetectable at birth. Some IgA is provided by breast milk. These passively-acquired antibodies can protect the newborn for up to 18 months, but their response is usually short-lived and of low affinity.[3] These antibodies can also produce a negative response. If a child is exposed to the antibody for a particular antigen before being exposed to the antigen itself then the child will produce a dampened response. Passively acquired maternal antibodies can suppress the antibody response to active immunization. Similarly the response of T-cells to vaccination differs in children compared to adults, and vaccines that induce Th1 responses in adults do not readily elicit these same responses in neonates.[3] Between six and nine months after birth, a childs immune system begins to respond more strongly to glycoproteins, but there is usually no marked improvement in their response to polysaccharides until they are at least one year old. This can be the reason for distinct time frames found in vaccination schedules.[4][5]

During adolescence, the human body undergoes various physical, physiological and immunological changes triggered and mediated by hormones, of which the most significant in females is 17--oestradiol (an oestrogen) and, in males, is testosterone. Oestradiol usually begins to act around the age of 10 and testosterone some months later.[6] There is evidence that these steroids act directly not only on the primary and secondary sexual characteristics but also have an effect on the development and regulation of the immune system,[7] including an increased risk in developing pubescent and post-pubescent autoimmunity.[8] There is also some evidence that cell surface receptors on B cells and macrophages may detect sex hormones in the system.[9]

The female sex hormone 17--oestradiol has been shown to regulate the level of immunological response,[10] while some male androgens such as testosterone seem to suppress the stress response to infection. Other androgens, however, such as DHEA, increase immune response.[11] As in females, the male sex hormones seem to have more control of the immune system during puberty and post-puberty than during the rest of a male's adult life.

Physical changes during puberty such as thymic involution also affect immunological response.[12]

The use of immune system components to treat a disease or disorder is known as immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is most commonly used in the context of the treatment of cancers together with chemotherapy (drugs) and radiotherapy (radiation). However, immunotherapy is also often used in the immunosuppressed (such as HIV patients) and people suffering from other immune deficiencies or autoimmune diseases. This includes regulating factors such as IL-2, IL-10, GM-CSF B, IFN-.

The specificity of the bond between antibody and antigen has made the antibody an excellent tool for the detection of substances by a variety of diagnostic techniques. Antibodies specific for a desired antigen can be conjugated with an isotopic (radio) or fluorescent label or with a color-forming enzyme in order to detect it. However, the similarity between some antigens can lead to false positives and other errors in such tests by antibodies cross-reacting with antigens that aren't exact matches.[13]

The study of the interaction of the immune system with cancer cells can lead to diagnostic tests and therapies with which to find and fight cancer.

This area of the immunology is devoted to the study of immunological aspects of the reproductive process including fetus acceptance. The term has also been used by fertility clinics to address fertility problems, recurrent miscarriages, premature deliveries and dangerous complications such as pre-eclampsia.

Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between "cellular" and "humoral" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells more precisely, phagocytes that were responsible for immune responses. In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, among others, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organisms humors rather than its cells.[14][15][16]

In the mid-1950s, Frank Burnet, inspired by a suggestion made by Niels Jerne,[17] formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity.[18] On the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction: "self" constituents (constituents of the body) do not trigger destructive immune responses, while "nonself" entities (e.g., pathogens, an allograft) trigger a destructive immune response.[19] The theory was later modified to reflect new discoveries regarding histocompatibility or the complex "two-signal" activation of T cells.[20] The self/nonself theory of immunity and the self/nonself vocabulary have been criticized,[16][21][22] but remain very influential.[23][24]

More recently, several theoretical frameworks have been suggested in immunology, including "autopoietic" views,[25] "cognitive immune" views,[26] the "danger model" (or "danger theory"),[21] and the "discontinuity" theory.[27][28] The danger model, suggested by Polly Matzinger and colleagues, has been very influential, arousing many comments and discussions.[29][30][31][32]

According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI), "an immunologist is a research scientist who investigates the immune system of vertebrates (including the human immune system). Immunologists include research scientists (PhDs) who work in laboratories. Immunologists also include physicians who, for example, treat patients with immune system disorders. Some immunologists are physician-scientists who combine laboratory research with patient care."[33]

Bioscience is the overall major in which undergraduate students who are interested in general well-being take in college. Immunology is a branch of bioscience for undergraduate programs but the major gets specified as students move on for graduate program in immunology. The aim of immunology is to study the health of humans and animals through effective yet consistent research, (AAAAI, 2013).[34] The most important thing about being immunologists is the research because it is the biggest portion of their jobs.[35]

Most graduate immunology schools follow the AAI courses immunology which are offered throughout numerous schools in the United States.[36] For example, in New York State, there are several universities that offer the AAI courses immunology: Albany Medical College, Cornell University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York University Langone Medical Center, University at Albany (SUNY), University at Buffalo (SUNY), University of Rochester Medical Center and Upstate Medical University (SUNY). The AAI immunology courses include an Introductory Course and an Advance Course.[37]The Introductory Course is a course that gives students an overview of the basics of immunology.

In addition, this Introductory Course gives students more information to complement general biology or science training. It also has two different parts: Part I is an introduction to the basic principles of immunology and Part II is a clinically-oriented lecture series. On the other hand, the Advanced Course is another course for those who are willing to expand or update their understanding of immunology. It is advised for students who want to attend the Advanced Course to have a background of the principles of immunology.[38] Most schools require students to take electives in other to complete their degrees. A Masters degree requires two years of study following the attainment of a bachelor's degree. For a doctoral programme it is required to take two additional years of study.[39]

The expectation of occupational growth in immunology is an increase of 36 percent from 2010 to 2020.[40] The median annual wage was $76,700 in May 2010. However, the lowest 10 percent of immunologists earned less than $41,560, and the top 10 percent earned more than $142,800, (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013). The practice of immunology itself is not specified by the U.S. Department of Labor but it belongs to the practice of life science in general.[41]

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Immunology - Wikipedia

Conferenceseries.llc invites all the participants from all over the world to attend2ndInternationalconference on Neuroimmunology, December 01-03, 2016, Atlanta, USA which includes prompt keynote presentations, Oral talks, Poster presentations and Exhibitions.

Thescientific sessions of Neuroimmunology-2016will focus on the current research areas includes neuroimmunological diseases, Neuroimmune interactions, its wide therapeutic aspects including the role of stem cells,Biomarkers, immune therapy along with psychiatric disorders which are most common outcomes of neuroimmunological imbalance.Neuroimmunology-2016 summonsparticipants from paramount universities, research institutions and diagnostic companies to exhibit their research expertise on all aspects of this rapidly expanding field.

Track 1:Neuroimmunology

Neuroimmunology,a branch ofimmunologythat deals especially with the interrelationships of the nervous system and immune responses and autoimmune disorders. Its deals with particularly fundamental and appliedneurobiology,neurology,neuropathology,neurochemistry,neurovirology,neuroendocrinology, neuromuscular research, neuropharmacology and psychology, which involve either immunologic methodology (e.g. immunocytochemistry) or fundamental immunology (e.g. antibody and lymphocyte assays).

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Track 2:Neurovirology

Neurovirologyis an interdisciplinary field which represents a melding of clinical neuroscience, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. The main focus of the field is to study viruses capable of infecting the nervous system.

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Track 3:Brain-Computer Interface

Brain Compter Interface is most significant and Influential research in 20th century.Hownervous system is the network of nerve cells and fibers coordinate its transmission throughout the body .The goal of this session is to understandBrain Mapping, Neuro-Informatics, Current trends in Neuroinformatics,Neural Networksand Genetic Algorithms,Neuro Sensingand Neural Prosthesis and Controlling Neurons, Circuits and Behavior. In medial and diagnostic perspective it has a wide role of execution .

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Track 4:Neuro-immune interaction

Theinflammatory responseis modulated through interactions among the nervous, endocrine, andimmune systems. Intercommunication betweenimmune cellsand the autonomicnervous systemis a growing area of interest .Spatial and temporal information about inflammatory processes is relayed to the central nervous system where neuroimmune modulation serves to control the extent and intensity of theinflammation.TheCNSregulates the immune system via hormonal and neuronal pathways, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. The immune system signals the CNS throughcytokinesthat act both centrally and peripherally.

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Track 5:Autoimmune Neuropathies

Damage to nerves caused byautoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease is a malfunction of the body's immune response which causes it to attack itself. In the cause of autoimmuneneuropathies, the immune system attacks the nerves resulting in nerve damage.Rheumatoid arthritisandlupusareautoimmune disordersthat can cause autoimmuneneuropathy.Basically itsnerve diseases from autoimmune damage.

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Track 6:Neuroimmunological Infectious disease

The termneuro-immune diseaserefers to a group of complex multisymptomdiseasescharacterized by acquired deregulation of both theimmunesystemand the nervous system. Thesediseasesmost often follow aninfectiousor flu-like illness and may result in lifelong diseaseand disability.Encephalitisis defined as inflammation of thebrain. This definition means encephalitis is different frommeningitis, .Multiple sclerosisalso a big example of NeuroimmunologicalInfectious disease

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Track 7:Neurodegenerative Disease

Neurodegenerative diseasesoccur when nervous system cells (neurons) in the brain andspinal cordbegin to deteriorate. Changes in these cells cause them to function abnormally and eventually result in the cells' demise. As neurons deteriorate, an individual may first experience relatively mild symptoms problems with coordination or remembering names. But as huge numbers ofneuronsdie, symptoms progressively worsen. In some cases, patients lose the ability to walk independently, think clearly, or generally function in the world. Ultimately, many of these diseases are fatal. Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in progressive degeneration and or death of nerve cells.

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Track 8:Blood Brain Barrier

More than 100 years ago it was discovered that if blue dye was injected into the bloodstream of an animal, that tissues of the whole body except the brain and spinal cord would turn blue. To explain this, scientists thought that a "Blood-Brain-Barrier" (BBB) which prevents materials from the blood from entering the brain existed. The BBB is semi-permeable; that is, it allows some materials to cross, but prevents others from crossing. In most parts of the body, the smallest blood vessels, called capillaries, are lined with endothelial cells. Endothelial tissue has small spaces between each individual cell so substances can move readily between the inside and the outside of the vessel. However, in the brain, theendothelial cellsfit tightly together and substances cannot pass out of the bloodstream.

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Track 9:Neuroinflammation

Allergy may be a kind of disorder of system that is susceptible in nature. Some quite common symptoms ofallergic reactionarehaptic sensation, running nose, continuous unconditioned reflex, eczema, red eyes etc. once the system of our body reacts with any harmless substances (allergens) within the atmosphere, it causes allergic reaction. The medicines of allergic reaction are in the main obtainable in type of inhalers, eye drops, skin creams, injections, pills, nasal sprays and liquids. Most of the medicines for allergic reaction are obtainable by prescription however few of them are obtainable over counters. Whenever our body is to associate degree matter it triggers your system. Henceantihistamines stop these symptoms by obstruction aminoalkane and keeping it from binding to receptors.

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Track 10:Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacologymeans the study of drug affect on the cellular function in the nervous system. Behavioral neuropharmacology and molecular neuropharmacology are the two main branches. Behavioral neuropharmacology focus on the study of drugs affect on human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of drug dependence and addiction affect on thehuman brain. Molecular neuropharmacology is the study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with the objective ofdeveloping drugsthat have beneficial effects onneurological function

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Track 11:Applied Neurobiology

NeuropathologyandAppliedNeurobiologyis a peer-reviewed medicaljournal in the field of neuropathology. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell for the British Neuropathological Society. The journal was established in 1974 and is published bimonthly. Neurobiologyis the branch of biology that deals with nervous system functions and structures. More specifically, neurobiology focuses on the cells andtissuesof the nervous system and how they can form structures andcircuits(pathways) for controlling the body. This system includes common structures, such as the brain andspinal cord, and nerves. Neurobiology can be classified as a sub-discipline within the broader field ofphysiology.

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Track 12:Fundamental Immunology

Immunology is the branch ofbiomedical sciencethat deals with the response of an organism to antigenic challenge and its recognition of what is self and what is not. It deals with the defense mechanisms including all physical, chemical and biological properties of the organism that help it to combat its susceptibility to foreign organisms, material, etc. Immunology deals with physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease as well as malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders like allergies, hypersensitivities,immunedeficiency, transplant rejection andautoimmunedisorders.

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Track 13:Antibody mediated disorder

Inantibody-mediatedinflammatory disease, B cells (uniquewhite blood cells) produce antibodies against the body's own structures; these are called auto-antibodies. When auto-antibodies bind to these structures, they induce unnecessary inflammation that is directed against healthy tissue. Autoantibodies directed against structures in the brain lead to irritation and swelling of brain tissue. If not treated, long standing inflammation can lead to permanent brain damage and dysfunction.

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Track 14:Psychoneuroimmunology

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between psychological processes, the nervous and immune systems of the human body. To understand Psychoneuroimmunology perfectly we need to have idea on psychology,neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics,pharmacology,molecular biology,psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases,endocrinology, andrheumatology. According to the research it is found that stressed animals have altered immune responses etc. Person having good thoughts will be less susceptible to diseases as their immune system will be active and fight against diseases.Depressionor bad ideas lead to alteration in the CNS activity and consequences such asapoptosisand various other immune modifications occur.

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Track 15: Clinical Neuroimmunology:Multiple Sclerosisand Related Disordersserves as an indispensable resource for physicians interested in, and dealing with, this very complex and evolving branch ofneurology. This comprehensive titleprovides an introduction to basic neuroimmunology and principles of immunotherapy and also serves as a thorough guide to immune-mediated disorders of the central and peripheralnervous system, as well as other systemic disorders with a significant neuroimmunologic component.

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Neuroimmunology 2016| Global Meetings on Neuroimmunology ...

Immunologists are scientists or clinicians who specialise in the field of Immunology. Immunology is a very broad branch of the biological sciences and is defined as the study of an organism's defence (immune) system, in both health and disease. All multicellular organisms are prey to infection or invasion. Harmful organisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites constantly seek to gain access into the body, and if successful, this can lead to a number of serious diseases.

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The complexity of immune systems generally mirrors evolutionary history; with more 'primitive' organisms possessing immune systems composed of discrete, general purpose, effector cells and molecules; whilst more 'advanced' organisms have developed organs and tissues with a specific immune purpose, whilst retaining the cellular component. A key part of Immunology involves studying how the many different organs, cells and molecules of the immune system work and interact with each other.

In broad terms, the earlier form of the immune system is known as the 'innate' immune system, and is found in a wide range of organisms (including invertebrates and primitive vertebrates); whilst the later form is known as the 'adaptive' immune system and is common to higher vertebrates (including humans). The two systems are largely integrated in these organisms.

Specifically:

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Immunologists work in many different areas of biomedical research, as well as in healthcare, agriculture and environmental monitoring. Because Immunology can be applied to several other scientific disciplines it impacts on many areas of conventional medicine.

Immunologists often have different job titles and their role often depends on type of organisation they work for:

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Many diseases are caused when the immune system behaves incorrectly. Immunologists try to understand how and why the immune system malfunctions and causes disease. Such diseases can be broadly classified into the following categories:

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Immunological research has helped scientists understand the potential causes of many immunological diseases, and enabled them to develop treatments and cures.

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Immunologists from developed nations are working together with countries in the developing world to help prevent and treat the major problems associated with global health/disease. These include vaccine preventable diseases, emerging infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, malaria, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, cancer and other neglected infectious diseases.

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British Society for Immunology