Category Archives: Immunology

Immunology

Research on Immunological Diseases Launches with Hungarian Participation – Hungary Today

A project studying the impact of infectious diseases on the development of immunological diseases is being launched with the participation of the HUN-REN SZBK Systems Biology Research Group, announced the Szeged Biological Research Center (SZBK), a member of the Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN).

Within the ID-DarkMatter-NCD project, funded by the European Unions Framework Program for Research and Innovation, researchers are investigating why certain infectious diseases are followed by immunological diseases. The consortium is led by Thomas Vogl from the Medical University of Vienna and the team is made up of top experts in immunology, genetics, and data science. The Systemic Immunology Research Group at the SZBK is coordinating the genetic analysis of patients within the project.

To achieve this, the team will analyze the antibody-mediated immune response to around 600,000 antigens from 6,000 patients. Diseases selected for detailed analysis include post-COVID syndrome, inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune disease with inflammatory lesions of the joints, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic autoimmune disease affecting various organs of the body, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease.

The 60-month project, funded by the Horizon Europe program with EUR 8.4 million, involves 12 European consortium partners, including the University of Basel as a Swiss co-partner with additional funding of around EUR 1.2 million.

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Stanford scientist to return to Hungary as part of the Foreign Researcher Recruitment Programme.Continue reading

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Research on Immunological Diseases Launches with Hungarian Participation - Hungary Today

Immunology

UCLA to turn former Westside Pavilion into centers for research on immunology and quantum science – KABC-TV

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Immunology

HI-Bio Announces $95 Million Series B Financing to Advance Targeted Therapies for Immune-Mediated Diseases – PR Newswire

Funding allows advancement of diverse programs through multiple clinical data readouts, including multiple indications for lead candidatefelzartamab

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif., Jan. 4, 2024 /PRNewswire/ --Human Immunology Biosciences (HI-Bio), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing targeted therapies for patients withsevere immune-mediated diseases (IMDs), today announced the closing of a $95 million Series B financing led by new investor Alpha Wave Global. Viking Global Investors and Arkin Bio Capital participated in the financing, as well as existing investors Jeito Capital and ARCH Venture Partners.

"These funds allow us to advancefelzartamab, our clinically differentiated lead therapeutic candidate, through clinical readouts in multiple indications and preparation for registrational studies," said Travis Murdoch, M.D., CEO of HI-Bio. "We are encouraged by promising clinical data to date for felzartamab and its anti-CD38 cell depletion approach, and we look forward to new data, including Phase 2 results from an investigator-initiated trial for antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplant patients."

Since the company's launch, HI-Bio has advancedfelzartamab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD38 and in-licensed from MorphoSys, across indications including antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), lupus nephritis (LN) and primary membranous nephropathy (PMN). Felzartamab has received Breakthrough Therapy Designation and Orphan Drug Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in PMN. HI-Bio has also initiated a clinical study of HIB210, an anti-C5aR1 candidate targeting neutrophil activation and chemotaxis.

"Immune-mediated diseases contribute to an immense disease burden which drives the need for novel targeted treatments to improve on existing therapies," said Chris Dimitropoulos, Managing Director of Healthcare Investments at Alpha Wave Global. "HI-Bio is generating compelling clinical data demonstrating the differentiated potential of felzartamab; we look forward to continued progress for felzartamab across multiple indications with high unmet need."

Funding from the Series B will be used to advance clinical development offelzartamab, to evaluate the clinical properties of HIB210 in healthy volunteers and to advance a discovery-stage program targeting mast cell dysfunction toward IND-enabling studies. In conjunction with the financing, the company announced that Chris Dimitropoulos, Managing Director of Healthcare Investments at Alpha Wave Global, has been appointed to the HI-Bio Board of Directors.

About HI-Bio Human Immunology Biosciences, Inc. (HI-Bio) is a clinical-stage biotechnology companyfocused on discovering and developing precision medicines for people suffering from immune-mediated diseases (IMDs). HI-Bio is leading clinical immunology into its next chapter by targeting cellular drivers of disease. To learn more about HI-Bio, visit us at http://www.hibio.com or follow us on LinkedIn and Twitter.

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HI-Bio Announces $95 Million Series B Financing to Advance Targeted Therapies for Immune-Mediated Diseases - PR Newswire

Immunology

Beyond Cytotoxicity: The Importance of T Cell Memory – The Scientist

This webinar will be hosted live and available on-demand

Thursday, January 25, 2024 2:30-4:00 PM Eastern Time

B cells are the classical shield bearers of immune system memory, but memory T cell phenotypes also exist, playing crucial roles in controlling viral infections and modulating immune responses.

In this webinar brought to you by The Scientists Creative Services Team, Grgoire Lauvau and Marcus Buggert will explain what memory T cells are, how they differ from cytotoxic T cells, and their function in human tissues during physiological and pathological situations.

Topics to be covered

Grgoire Lauvau, PhD Professor The Sylvia and Robest Olnick Faculty Scholar in Cancer Research Albert Einstein College of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology

Marcus Buggert, PhD Assistant Professor Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Huddinge Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM)

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Beyond Cytotoxicity: The Importance of T Cell Memory - The Scientist

Immunology

IKAROS: Unlocking the secrets of the immune system’s key player – News-Medical.Net

In a scientific breakthrough that aids our understanding of the internal wiring of immune cells, researchers at Monash University in Australia have cracked the code behind IKAROS, an essential protein for immune cell development and protection against pathogens and cancer.

This disruptive research, led by the eminent Professor Nicholas Huntington of Monash University's Biomedicine Discovery Institute, is poised to reshape our comprehension of gene control networks and its impact on everything from eye colour to cancer susceptibility and design of novel therapies.

The study, published in Nature Immunology, promises pivotal insights into the mechanisms safeguarding us against infections and cancers. When the transcription factor Ikaros/Ikzf1 was deliberately obstructed, be it in preclinical models or humans, the once-mighty activity of Natural Killer (NK) cells, our immune system's frontline warriors, plummeted. Loss of this transcription factor in NK cells resulted in wide-spread dysregulation of NK cell development and function, preventing their ability to recognize and kill virus-infected cells and clear metastatic tumour cells from circulation. Aiolos/Ikzf3 and Helios/Ikzf2, related family member were found to partial compensate for the loss of Ikaros, as such when multiple IKZF-family members were inhibited, NK cells underwent rapidly death. Mechanistically, Aiolos and Ikaros were found to directly bind and activate most members of the JUN/FOS family, transcription factors known for their essential roles in human embryo development and tissue function.

This discovery opens the door to the prospect of potential novel cancer therapeutics. NK cells, our first line of defence against pathogens and internal threats like cancers, could be fortified by therapies enhancing their killing prowess by targeting IKAROS and JUN/FOS biology.

Professor Huntington notes that drugs targeting IKAROS/AIOLOS have already received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and local Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) for the treatment of B cell malignancy "but until now we haven't understood how these drugs work, armed with this new information it could be possible to develop novel drugs targeting these complexes which may offer differentiated pharmacology and therapeutic index for treating disease," he said.

Importantly on this front, Professor Huntington's team were able to show that IKAROS had a conserved role in healthy B cells and thus potentially B cell cancers.

Source:

Journal reference:

Goh, W., et al. (2024). IKAROS and AIOLOS directly regulate AP-1 transcriptional complexes and are essential for NK cell development. Nature Immunology. doi.org/10.1038/s41590-023-01718-4.

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Immunology

UCLA to turn former shopping mall into centers for research on immunology and quantum science – The Caledonian-Record

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UCLA to turn former shopping mall into centers for research on immunology and quantum science - The Caledonian-Record

Immunology

Revolutionizing Vaccine Research: The Power of a New Algorithm – SciTechDaily

Immunology researchers have introduced a computational tool to improve pandemic preparedness by enabling the comparison of diverse experimental data. This algorithm uses machine learning to find patterns in datasets, enhancing the understanding of immune responses. It promises significant advances in vaccine design and immunology research, with broad potential in various biological contexts.

Computational biologists harness machine learning to make sense of immune system data.

Immune system researchers have designed a computational tool to boost pandemic preparedness. Scientists can use this new algorithm to compare data from vastly different experiments and better predict how individuals may respond to disease.

Were trying to understand how individuals fight off different viruses, but the beauty of our method is you can apply it generally in other biological settings, such as comparisons of different drugs or different cancer cell lines, says Tal Einav, Ph.D., Assistant Professor at La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) and co-leader of the new study in Cell Reports Methods.

This work addresses a major challenge in medical research. Laboratories that study infectious diseaseeven laboratories focused on the same virusescollect wildly different kinds of data. Each dataset becomes its own independent island, says Einav.

Some researchers might study animal models, others might study human patients. Some labs focus on children, others collect samples from immunocompromised senior citizens. Location matters too. Cells collected from patients in Australia might react differently to a virus compared with cells collected from a patient group in Germany, just based on past viral exposures in those regions.

Theres an added level of complexity in biology. Viruses are always evolving, and that changes the data too, says Einav. And even if two labs looked at the same patients in the same year, they might have run slightly different tests.

La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) Assistant Professor Tal Einav, Ph.D. Credit: Matthew Ellenbogen, La Jolla Institute for Immunology

Working closely with Rong Ma, Ph.D., a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University, Einav set out to develop an algorithm to help compare large datasets. His inspiration came from his background in physics, a discipline whereno matter how innovative an experiment isscientists can be confident that the data will fit within the known laws of physics. E will always equal mc2.

What I like to do as a physicist is collect everything together and figure out the unifying principles, says Einav.

The new computational method doesnt need to know precisely where or how each dataset was acquired. Instead, Einav and Ma harnessed machine learning to determine which datasets follow the same underlying patterns.

You dont have to tell me that some data came from children or adults or teenagers. We just ask the machine how similar are the data to each other, and then we combine the similar datasets into a superset that trains even better algorithms, says Einav. Over time, these comparisons could reveal consistent principles in immune responsespatterns that are hard to detect across the many scattered datasets that abound in immunology.

For example, researchers could design better vaccines by figuring out exactly how human antibodies target viral proteins. This is where biology gets really complicated again. The problem is that humans can make around one quintillion unique antibodies. Meanwhile, a single viral protein can have more variations than there are atoms in the universe.

Thats why people are collecting bigger and bigger data sets to try and explore biologys nearly infinite playground, says Einav.

But scientists dont have infinite time, so they need ways to predict the vast reaches of data they cant realistically collect. Already, Einav and Ma have shown that their new computational method can help scientists fill in these gaps. They demonstrate that their method to compare large datasets can reveal myriad new rules of immunology, and these rules can then be applied to other datasets to predict what missing data should look like.

The new method is also thorough enough to provide scientists with confidence behind their predictions. In statistics, a confidence interval is a way to quantify how certain a scientist is of a prediction.

These predictions work a bit like the Netflix algorithm that predicts which movies you might like to watch, says Einav. The Netflix algorithm looks for patterns in movies youve selected in the past. The more movies (or data) you add to these prediction tools, the more accurate those predictions will get.

We can never gather all the data, but we can do a lot with just a few measurements, says Einav. And not only do we estimate the confidence in predictions, but we can also tell you what further experiments would maximally increase this confidence. For me, true victory has always been to gain a deep understanding of a biological system, and this framework aims to do precisely that.

Einav recently joined the LJI faculty after completing his postdoctoral training in the laboratory of Jesse Bloom, Ph.D., at the Fred Hutch Cancer Center. As he continues his work at LJI, he plans to focus on the use of computational tools to learn more about human immune responses to many viruses, beginning with influenza. Hes looking forward to collaborating with leading immunologists and data scientists at LJI, including Professor Bjoern Peters, Ph.D., also a trained physicist.

You get beautiful synergy when you have people coming from these different backgrounds, says Einav. With the right team, solving these big, open problems finally becomes possible.

Reference: Using interpretable machine learning to extend heterogeneous antibody-virus datasets by Tal Einav and Rong Ma, 25 July 2023, Cell Reports Methods. DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100540

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Immunology

Impact of the gut microbiome on immunological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in healthy controls and people … – Nature.com

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Impact of the gut microbiome on immunological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in healthy controls and people ... - Nature.com