Students at the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine routinely use an altitude hypobaric chamber at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, which simulates a flight at 25,000 feet, as part of initial aerospace physiological training.

1st Lt. Alex Medina, U.S. Air Force Space, Missiles, and Forces Intelligence group executive officer, is one of those students. After 30 minutes of pre-breathing 100 percent oxygen, during his training he took his mask off and quickly felt the effect of lack of air due to the decrease in barometric pressure.

The hypoxic effects began much quicker than I had anticipated and felt very similar to feeling overly intoxicated, Medina said.

When there is a loss of cabin pressure, aircrew and passengers experience hypoxia oxygen deprivation which the most dangerous aspect of flying at altitude, said Senior Master Sgt. Johal Mandeep, USAFSAM Aerospace and Operational Physiology Division superintendent .

The purpose of initial aerospace physiological training is to help aircrew and operational personnel flying in aircraft understand the hazards of high altitude flight and the physiological effects of low barometric pressure.

Wright Patterson marks 100 years of aviation achievement

When we put students in the chamber theyre accompanied by two to three chamber technicians as safety observers; we are all trained to treat any issues that could occur during the flight, Mandeep said.

As the barometric pressure drops , instructors give students a few puzzles, short-answer questions and simple math problems to solve.

I was able to do the first three tasks fairly quickly, but then quickly became very dizzy Medina said. I tried to work through it, but the simple math problems were increasingly difficult, due to the onset of mental confusion.

I skipped around on the page to accomplish other questions/puzzles that were easier to comprehend but then felt very hot and decided to call it quits. Medina said. I dont think I made it past 60 seconds.

Every year USAFSAM train s about 1,300 students in the two-day, Air Force-required training, which includes academics and a chamber flight.

I believe the most valuable experience about the training is to give our students basic information on the hazards of low barometric pressure in-flight and to be able to physically experience the effects of hypoxia so they can identify it and treat if it occurs in-flight, Mandeep said.

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Wright Patt aerospace physiology - Dayton Daily News - Dayton Daily News

Merfolk Physiology Power/Ability to:

Use the traits of merfolk

The power to use the abilities of Merfolk. Variation of Mythic Physiology and Fish Physiology. Not to be confused with Fish People Physiology.

User with this ability either is or can transform into a merfolk (male or female), a beingwith the upper body of a humanoid and the lower body (in taur-style) of a sea animal/creature (mainly either that of a fish or cetacean). Some are able to transform completely into humanoid form to move on land and some can split their tail into legs. Others have to find other ways to move while on land.

Merfolk are sometimes depicted as perilous creatures associated with floods, storms, shipwrecks, and drowning. In other folk traditions (or sometimes within the same tradition), they can be benevolent, bestowing boons, teaching or even falling in love with humans.

See Also: Our Mermaids Are Different.

Merna the Merhog (Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog)

Mermista (She-Ra: Princess of Power)

Sofia the First (Sofia the First)

Alim Coelacanth (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 1987 TV series)

Merpeoples (American Dragon: Jake Long): Silver...

Sirena Von Boo (Monster High)

Meeshell Mermaid (Ever After High)

Aryana Mendez (Aryana) is carried by her friend Paul.

Rikki Chadwick (H2O: Just Add Water)

Cleo (H2O: Just Add Water)

Emma and Rikki (H2O: Just Add Water) swimming in mermaid form.

Emma Gilbert (H2O: Just Add Water)

Isabella "Bella" Hartley (H2O: Just Add Water)

Nixie, Lyla, Zac, and Sirena. (Mako Mermaids)

Zac the Merman (Mako: Island of Secrets)

Marina (Adventures of the Little Mermaid)

The seven Mermaid Princesses (Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch): Lucia, Hanon, Rina, Caren, Noel, Coco, and Seira.

Meroune Lorelei (Monster Musume)

Sun Seto (My Bride is a Mermaid) in human form...

Madam Shirley (One Piece)

Shirahoshi (One Piece) is the Mermaid Princess who has the unique power to communicate with Sea Kings.

The Swimming Club mermaids (Rosario + Vampire)

Tamao Ichinose (Rosario + Vampire)

Pia (Rune Factory) in human form.

Mermaid (Valkyrie Crusade)

Mermaid Princess (Valkyrie Crusade)

Delphinus (Valkyrie Crusade) is a dolphin mermaid.

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Merfolk Physiology | Superpower Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia

Researchers have discovered a mechanism that controls the formation and function of plate-like nanocrystals that play a critical role in bone composition. The research is published in the journal Biomaterials.

Apatite crystal showing electron density around atoms. Image credit: Arun Nair.

Bone is composed of protein collagen and mineral in the form of plate-like nanocrystals.

Previous research has shown that the mineral crystallites play a critical role in proper bone function and physiology.

Their nanometer size renders them nearly flawless, which contributes to bone strength.

Though scientists have known that nanocrystal size and morphology are critical to the proper mechanical and physiological functioning of bone, the mechanism that controls these properties has been unclear.

Our research suggests, for the first time, that a chemical substitute, in absence of protein or other organic substances, affects the crystallite morphology of bone mineral, said co-author Dr. Arun Nair, assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.

These are nanometer-sized crystallites, but still, the finding provides a much better understanding of the processes that control size and shape of particles that make up bone.

Mimicking biochemical processes, Dr. Nair and his colleagues from the United States, France and the United Kingdom synthesized apatite nanocrystals with carbonate.

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, the researchers explained.

The nanocrystals exhibited morphologies similar to those seen in natural bone mineral.

The teams discovery could lead to the creation of a synthetically produced biomaterial to replace bones.

_____

Alix C. Deymier et al. 2017. Protein-free formation of bone-like apatite: New insights into the key role of carbonation. Biomaterials 127: 75-88; doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.029

This article is based on text provided by the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.

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Mechanism That Controls Bone Formation, Function Discovered - Sci-News.com

The University of Phoenix reserves the right to modify courses.

While widely available, not all programs are available in all locations or in both online and on-campus formats. Please check with a University Enrollment Representative.

Transferability of credit is at the discretion of the receiving institution. It is the students responsibility to confirm whether or not credits earned at University of Phoenix will be accepted by another institution of the students choice.

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NSCI280 Anatomy And Physiology I Course - University of ...

Humans (American Dragon: Jake Long) in their dragon forms.

Dragon Man (Marvel Comics)

Patrick Donovan can generate the very flames that dragons breathe, which can take the form of an immense dragon of fire.

The Sapphire Dragon (Xiaolin Showdown) turns its victims into sapphire statues.

Haku (Spirited Away) a spirit that is capable of transforming into a dragon.

Makuta Miserix is described to enjoy shapeshifting into draconian forms

Sol Badguy's (Guilty Gear) true form is that of a humanoid dragon.

Yui Hongo with the Beast god Seiryu

Seiryu in his Human-Beast form after summoned by Yui.

Seiryu (actually, it's Yui being completely devoured by Seiryu and becoming a huge blue dragon) in it's Beast god form.

Acnologia (Fairy Tail) once a human but bathed in dragons blood was able to become a real dragon.

Marianne Rivera as Bagwis (Ang Panday) in her human form. She can transform into a fire breathing and flying dragon.

Mafuga (Doraemon) is a wind demon dragon formed from three wind spirits: Fuuko, Gorado, and a the Red Egg.

Salamence (Pokmon) is a Dragon-type Pokmon of immense destructive power and personality.

Dragonite (Pokmon) is a Dragon-type Pokmon with a near impenetrable hide.

Latias (Pokmon) is a legendary Dragon-type Pokmon of high intelligence and speed.

Slifer the Sky Dragon (Yu-Gi-Oh!) is the heavenly dragon and an Egyptian God.

The Winged Dragon of Ra (Yu-Gi-Oh!) is the dragon of the sun and an Egyptian God, taking the form of a phoenix.

The Revolver Dragon (Yu-Gi-Oh!) lives up to its name.

Smokey the Dragon (Diddy Kong Racing)

Volvagia (The Legend of Zelda)

Dulcy the Dragon (Archie's Sonic the Hedgehog), a mobian dragon.

Spyro (Spyro) is a rare purple dragon.

Amphis (Valkyrie Crusade) is one of the two dragon maiden twins who share the same body. Amphis is the fierce one....

And Baena (Valkyrie Crusade) is the homicidal one.

Dragon Princess (Valkyrie Crusade)

Azure Dragon (Valkyrie Crusade) is one of the four guardian beasts, and also, one of the five dragon deities.

Red Dragon (Valkyrie Crusade) is the dragon deity of fire and one of the five dragon deities.

Huang Long (Valkyrie Crusade) is the mighty ruler of the four guardian beasts, and also, one of the five dragon deities.

White Dragon (Valkyrie Crusade) is the dragon deity of light and one of the five dragon deities.

Black Dragon (Valkyrie Crusade) is the dragon deity of darkness and one of the five dragon deities.

Ugin (Magic: the Gathering), Spirit Dragon and progenitor of all dragons on Tarkir.

Dojo (Xiaolin Showdown/Chronicles) is over 1000 year old dragon that has the ability to change his size and his genetic make-up at will.

Chase Young (Xiaolin Showdown/Chronicles) has the ability to transform into a dragon, (he also has dragon characteristics in human form)

Sash Lilac (Freedom Planet), a water dragon from the planet Avalice.

228/Melty (Lilo and Stitch)

Kon-Shisho (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2003 TV Series)

Juto-Shisho (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2003 TV series)

Chikara-Shisho (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2003 TV series)

Tengu Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2003 TV series)

Hisomi-Shisho (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2003 TV series)

Maleficent (Disney's Sleeping Beauty)

Spike (My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic) is a baby dragon.

Garble (My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic) is a teenage dragon.

Princess Ember (My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic), is the newly crowned leader of dragons.

Dragon Lord Torch (My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic)

Corrin/Kamui (Fire Emblem Fates) can transform or partially transform into a dragon

Master Chem (Tara Duncan)

Crackle (Sofia the First)

Various dragon species (How to Train Your Dragon)

Princess Kyra (Reversal of the Heart)

Volga (Hyrule Warriors), the Dragon Knight.

When Jagged Stone was akumatized by Hawk Moth, his pet crocodile Fang (Miraculous Ladybug) was akumatized with him, turning him into a dragon.

Saphira (Inheritance Cycle) is a dragon bonded to Eragon.

Thorn (Inheritance Cycle) is a dragon bonded to Murtagh.

Glaedr (Inheritance Cycle) is a dragon bonded to Oromis.

Frnen (Inheritance Cycle) is a dragon bonded to the Elf Queen, Arya.

Shruikan (Inherirance Cycle) is a dragon who was bonded to King Galbatorix against his will.

Penelope (Barbie as Rapunzel)

Hugo (Barbie as Rapunzel)

When transformed into her pure elemental form, Flame Princess (Adventure Time) was turned into a firy dragon.

Read more here:
Dragon Physiology - Fandom powered by Wikia

Researchers have retracted a 2016 paper after discovering that they accidentally administered three times the reported dose of anesthesia to rats.

In theExperimental Physiology paper, the authors set out to mathematically map how rats blood pressure changes under different conditions, which required the rats to be anesthetized. But their findings were called into question when theyfoundthe rats had received a much higher concentration of anesthesia than intended. According to the notice, this higher dosecompromisedthe objectives of the experiment.

The corresponding author Karol Ondrias, from the Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics at the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, told ushow the dosing error occurred: Read the rest of this entry

Read more:
Experimental Physiology Archives - Retraction Watch at Retraction ... - Retraction Watch (blog)

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A Nature Research Journal

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Plant physiology: Organic electronics take root - Nature.com

Professor Cormac Taylor was the first ever non-US based recipient of the Takeda Distinguished Research Award, presented by the American Physiological Society (APS), since its establishment in 2007.The prestigious award is presented annually, by the Societys Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Section, to an outstanding investigator who has been internationally recognised for his/her contribution to physiological research in these areas.

Professor Taylor is a Professor of Cellular Physiology at UCDs School of Medicine and a Fellow of UCD Conway Institute and was presented with the award during the 2017 APS Experimental Biology meeting held this week in Chicago.

He leads a UCD research group investigating the mechanisms by which epithelial cells respond to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). The group explores the regulation of gene expression in hypoxic conditions and the potential of targeting oxygen-sensitive cellular pathways in inflammation as a means of treating conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Professor Cormac Taylor said: I am delighted and honoured to receive the 2017 Takeda Distinguished Researcher Award. This Award, which underscores the importance of investigator-led basic research in medicine, is a testament to the hard work of the PhD students and postdocs who have trained in my lab at University College Dublin over the last number of years.Founded in 1887, the APS was the first US society in the biomedical sciences field and it currently represents more than 10,500 members, publishing 15 peer-reviewed journals that are read worldwide.

Read the original here:
UCD Professor Receives Prestigious US Award for Physiology Research - Irish Medical News

Annie Kennedy Staff Writer

The University is introducing a new major in physiology in the fall of 2017. The major, housed in the biology department, is open to current and incoming first-year students.

Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons A NEW physiology major will be available for students at The University for the upcoming fall semester.

The major is also open to current exercise science first-year students. Because they take anatomy and physiology as first-year students, they will take general biology I and II in their sophomore year.

Students have already switched to the major. Stephanie Nativo, a first-year student, switched to the major to prepare herself to become a physicians assistant.

I feel great knowing that I am one of the first students to graduate with this major and hope that it will inspire more students to follow their passions, she said.

Terrence E. Sweeney, Ph.D., is the program director, chair of the biology department and the person who brought the major to The University. He first proposed the physiology major in June 2015, and then he introduced it to the department in the fall 2015 semester. Last month, the new major was approved by the department, the dean and the faculty senate. Additional faculty whohelped develop the major include Gary Kwiecinski, Ph.D., Matthew Socha, Ph.D., Maria Squire, Ph.D. and Robert Waldek, Ph.D.

Sweeney explained that there are not many schools in the Northeast that offer a physiology major. He believes that this new major will help draw students to The Universitywho may not have considered this school in the first place.

An article by Erik J. Henriksen, Ph.D., published in the review journal Physiology, discussed the growth of physiology majors at other universities in the country.

The growth of these physiology programs has far exceeded the increases observed in overall undergraduate enrollments at these institutions, Henriksen wrote.

Students who are not interested or who cannot switch their major to physiology can still take general physiology because the department plans to continue to offer many sections of this popular course. For those who are concerned that this major is too focused on physiology and will not provide enough of a background in biology, Sweeney explained that they have addressed this concern in two ways.

First, physiology majors will take general biology as first-year students, which will provide them with a broad background in all of biology. Second, they will be encouraged to take a broad variety of electives in their junior and senior years. Additionally, Sweeney noted that students who do not want this specificity will be encouraged to consider the biology major because the physiology major is designed for students who want a more specific approach to this field.

Students in the major begin their college career the same way as many other science majors: by taking general biology and general chemistry courses. In their sophomore year, students take advanced human anatomy and physiology I and II, and in their junior year, they take cellular and integrative physiology with lab. Additionally, in their junior year, students take a seminar designed to introduce students to the latest techniques used in physiology research. Finally, in the spring of their junior year and in their senior year, students take 12 credits of physiology electives in three domains: molecular and cellular physiology, systems physiology and comparative physiology.

If anyone has any questions about this major, he or she is encouraged to contact Sweeney at terrence.sweeney@scranton.edu.

Follow this link:
New physiology major announced for fall 2017 - The Aquinas

It is generally accepted that the Earth has been irreversibly altered by an ever-growing human population. Indeed, we now refer to our current geologic period as the Anthropocene, to stress the great anthropogenic pressure on the planets atmosphere, geology, and biological diversity. In the face of threats such as habitat loss, pollution, and urban and agricultural expansion, it is easy to feel discouraged about the future prospect of the worlds ecosystems and biodiversity. However, scientists and conservationists have a choice about how to approach their mission to preserve existing habitats and rehabilitate those already in a state of degradation.

While much of the rhetoric surrounding the Anthropocene has been markedly negative, there has recently been a push by many scientists for a more positive narrative. Specifically, researchers are posing the question: can the Anthropocene be good? A good Anthropocene would balance the preservation of the natural world with realistic societal needs and consumption.

Recent research supports the value of a hopeful, rather than doom and gloom, perspective for rallying individuals to action. Messages of optimism are thought to be necessary to broadly engage the public and to attract youth to professional careers in the field of conservation biology. This makes intuitive senseif experts are constantly heard saying that all is lost, it is difficult to expect anyone to be motivated to change their behaviour.

The field of conservation biology is made up of a diversity of scientists and practitioners that use tools such as genetics, physiology, modelling, demographics, psychology, and social science. All of these branches have the capacity to contribute positive and progressive approaches to conservation science. Conservation physiology, one of the more recent, formally conceptualized sub-disciplines, is actively contributing to and proposing avenues for the good Anthropocene movement. Specifically, these pathways focus on taking a proactive approach to conservation, encouraging a pragmatic perspective when approaching conservation dilemmas, establishing an appreciation for environmental resilience, and being active in public outreach and policy-building. Establishing these four avenues as goals will allow conservation professionals to solve conservation problems through evidence-based conservation, better-populated models, an appreciation of the mechanisms underlying population declines, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and a well-informed public.

One example of how this multi-faceted approach can tackle a large-scale conservation problem is well-illustrated by research on clownfish (Amphiprion percula) in the Great Barrier Reef. Firstly, conservation physiology researchers are contributing to proactive conservation by applying knowledge of the respiratory physiology and microbiome of the fish to plan coastal development, determine vulnerability, predict how sediments from dredging may influence populations, and assess the potential for acclimation. The work is also underpinned by pragmatism. There is an appreciation that development is continuing and tactics are needed to diminish the associated impacts as much as possible. By taking an experimental approach aimed at determining threshold levels of suspended sediments that alter fish assemblage patterns, the timing of dredging can be sensitively adjusted to avoid interference with coral and reef fish spawning. As much of the work focuses on establishing thresholds, it also incorporates an appreciation of resilience and aims to determine when the capacity to cope with environmental change may be surpassed. Finally, researchers also made outreach a priority and took advantage of the publics familiarity with clownfish in Disneys Finding Nemo to garner attention about the impacts of habitat alteration on the respiratory health of these native fishes. As a whole, this physiological work has been contributing to evidence-based conservation and restoration plans that help to achieve a better Anthropocene.

Individuals trying to shine a positive light on the Anthropocene believe that leveraging technologies, knowledge, and passionate individuals can accomplish the tasks necessary to maintain nature in perpetuity. As we continue to develop new research foci, attempt to attract new students to our fields, and dedicate ourselves to the preservation of nature, we will do well to remember that conservation is ultimately an act of hope.

Featured image credit:Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Great barrier reef by Wise Hok Wai Lum. CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Read more from the original source:
In search of a good Anthropocene? Physiology can help - OUPblog (blog)