Category Archives: Physiology

Carson Daly Recalls Having Panic Attacks on The Voice , Says He’s in ‘Better Place’ Now with His Anxiety – Yahoo Entertainment

June 7, 2022 medical

carson daly

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Carson Daly is detailing the "high-panic moments" he experiences while hosting The Voice.

The 48-year-old television personality recently spoke to USA Today about being diagnosed with general anxiety disorder (GAD) and said that being open about his struggles has put him in a "much better place."

"You may know me from MTV or as a celebrity of whatever you think of me. You may think my life's perfect. I've got kids. I always look happy on TV or when you watch me on The Voice. But that's just not how it works," Daly told the outlet. "It's not like that."

"On The Voice, when I'm live on Monday nights, most of the time, my right hand is in my right pocket, and I'm literally gripping onto the flesh of my thigh because I'm waiting for a high-panic moment to pass," he added.

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The Voice - Season 12

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Although his panic attacks and hyperventilation can come and go, Daly said he's "on a really good path," and that sharing his story and learning more about anxiety has really helped him.

"Once you realize that other people have [GAD] that it's an actual diagnosable thing, and there is a whole psychology and physiology behind it you have context, and I think learning about all that, talking about it, exploring it has just ripped the veil," he said.

Daly will continue sharing his personal experience with anxiety through a new summer segment on the Today show called "Mind Matters," launching Tuesday. He told USA that the show will allow him to destigmatize issues around mental health.

"I shared my story haphazardly one day, and now this mental health area has become kind of my place at NBC News and within the show and the creation of 'Mind Matters' to find other stories of people like me, whether they're famous or not," he said.

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"It's just inspiring," Daly continued. "I've never had an issue with clinical depression but when doing 'Mind Matters,' I have a chance to talk to people who struggle differently than I do with suicidal ideation or depression, and I'm in such awe of the bravery of people."

RELATED:Carson Daly Opens Up About His 'Debilitating' Anxiety and Helping Others with Mental Illness

Daly first opened up about his anxiety in 2018 after hearing NBA player Kevin Love share his own experience.

"I've suffered for over 20 years with, at times, debilitating anxiety and panic, and never knew it. I never knew how to define it," he revealed at the time. "After finally opening up to friends, one of them had a history of anxiety, and looked at me and was like, 'You have anxiety.' "

The father of four underwent a 14-week cognitive therapy course and began to educate himself about his mental illness, eventually learning how to manage it.

"It felt so good to get that diagnosis, because for so long I would be driving in my car and start to get nervous and wonder if I should pull over. And now I know, 'Oh, this is happening, and wait 10 seconds and it will go away.' Being diagnosed and then talking about it just feels good," Daly added.

"It bothers me that anybody could feel that they're less than normal if they also have something about them that they're unsure about as it pertains to their mental health. It doesn't have to be anxiety. It can be depression, it could be PTSD, or any number of things. I want to hold their hand and go, 'It's okay to not be okay.' "

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Carson Daly Recalls Having Panic Attacks on The Voice , Says He's in 'Better Place' Now with His Anxiety - Yahoo Entertainment

Physiology

After you swipe right, read this – Green Prophet

June 7, 2022 medical

A loving relationship can be predicted by the first date. You want sustainable love and a sustainable planet? Read on.

Looking for a sustainable romantic relationship? One that will last till the end of days? Then youll know how important that first date can be. When falling in love, what makes us attracted to some people, and not to others?

The answer will be surprising to most of us but it wasnt to the team of researchers led by Shir Atzil of the Department of Psychology at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

Connecting with a partner depends on how well we can synchronize our bodies. We specialize in studying parent-infant bonding and we had already seen the same thing there, she explained.

The researchers looked at how a heterosexual couples physiology and behavior adapt to each other during that first encounter.

The study was based on a speed-date experiment consisting of forty-six dates. Each date lasted 5 minutes during which the levels of physiological regulation of each partner were recorded with a band worn on the wrist. Behavioral movements, such as nodding, moving an arm, shifting a leg were also recorded in each partner during the date.

After the encounter, the couple assessed the romantic interest and sexual attraction they felt for each other. The study clearly showed that when couples synchronize their physiology with one another and adapt their behavioral movements to their partner during the date, they are romantically attracted to one another. This research was recently published inScientific Reports.

Intriguingly, the study also showed that the degree of synchrony affected men and women differently.

Although for both genders synchrony predicted attraction, women were more sexually attracted to men who showed a high level of synchrony super-synchronizers; these men were highly desirable to female partners.

Our research, said Atzil, demonstrates that behavioral and physiological synchrony can be a useful mechanism to attract a romantic partner. However, we still dont know whether synchrony raises attraction or does the feeling of attraction generate the motivation to synchronize? An area of research that Atzil is planning to investigate.

And for pan, by, trans and everything on the spectrum? The jury is out.

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Physiology

Understanding gut response to high-fat meals key to effective IBD treatments, says study – NutraIngredients.com

June 7, 2022 medical

This apparent link between diet, gut microbiota, and gene expression could be used to develop prognostic or therapeutic treatments for IBDs, such as Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis, according to study authors.

The study focused on a transcription factor called hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A), known to regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism and genes that respond to microbes.

Genetic variants at human HNF4A are associated with both Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis, the authors explain, but the underlying reason for the overlap between microbial and HNF4A-regulated genes, and how microbes alter HNF4A occupancy, host metabolism and acquisition of nutrients, remain unknown.

Therefore, understanding how the intestine perceives and responds to the major stimuli of nutritional and microbial signals remains a fundamental challenge.

Lead author, Dr Colin Lickwar said: We thought that it might represent an interface or a crossroads between interpreting information that comes from either microbial sources or from dietary fat.

Its certainly complicated, but we do appear to identify that HNF4-Alpha is important in simultaneously integrating multiple signals within the intestine.

There is plenty of evidence to suggest a high-fat diet and microbiota interactively influence host physiology but there is limited intelligence on integrative host reponses, say researchers.

In their report, published in Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, they write: Chronic high-fat diet feeding leads to adaptive physiological responses that can make it difficult to distinguish primary impacts of microbiota on host response, those impacts can be more easily discerned in the postprandial response to a single high-fat meal.

In the current study, scientists focused on a single, early postprandial period after consumption of a HFM consisting of chicken egg yolk emulsion. The time point was chosen to capture initial responses prior to cell-division and cell-type changes.

Adult mice were split among four groups: germ-free (GF); GF plus HFM; ex-GF colonised (CV) with conventional microbiota, and CV plus HFM.

Multiple functional genomic assays were applied to evaluate the interaction between HFM and microbiota colonisation in mouse small IECs.

There were significant differences in gene transcriptions for each of the four groups, and blocks of genes were impacted by either microbial or nutritional status.

Both germ-free and normal mice were able to metabolise fatty acids in a high-fat diet, although the germ-free group used a different set of genes to metabolise the HFM.

Professor of Molecular Genomics and Microbiology, John Rawls, commented: We were surprised to find that the gene playbook that the gut epithelium uses to respond to dietary fat is different depending on whether or not microbes are there.

Researchers note that microbes assisted with gut absorption of fatty acids. They observed increased activity of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in germ-free mice, which literally burned off fatty acids to provide fuel for the guts cells.

Professor Rawls added: Typically we think about the gut just doing its job absorbing dietary nutrients across the epithelium to share with the rest of the body, but the gut has to eat too. So, what we think is going on in germ-free animals, is that the gut is consuming more of the fat than it would if the microbes were there.

Overall findings suggest that gut microbes may promote lipid accumulation and weight gain, while suppressing gene activity designed to regulate beneficial intestinal and metabolic activity, including gut inflammation.

Source: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Published online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.013

Transcriptional Integration of Distinct Microbial and Nutritional Signals by the Small Intestinal Epithelium

Colin R. Lickwar, James M. Davison, Cecelia Kelly, Gilberto Padilla Mercado, Jia Wen, Briana R. Davis, Matthew C. Tillman, Ivana Semova, Sarah F. Andres, Goncalo Vale, Jeffrey G. McDonald, and John F. Rawls

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Understanding gut response to high-fat meals key to effective IBD treatments, says study - NutraIngredients.com

Physiology

An APS fellowship helps to complete the transition from machine gunner to researcher – news.wm.edu

June 7, 2022 medical

In 2019, Jacob Stechmann was a U.S. Marine deployed to Syria.

I was a machine gunner, he said, adding that circumstances of combat meant that he was occasionally pressed into service by Army and Navy Special Forces medics to help treat casualties among the Kurdish population.

They would bring some of us over if they needed help, Stechmann said. Not anything serious, but we got to do some of the little things.

Those little things included treating a gunshot wound to the arm and replacing bandages of people who had suffered shrapnel wounds to the stomach.

That was my last year in the Corps, Stechmann said. That was the deployment that kind of opened my eyes up to medicine: getting to see Army doctors and surgeons work on Kurdish allies coming in after certain incidents.

In 2022, Stechmann is a student-researcher at William & Mary, studying the function of blood vessels in Robin Looft-Wilsons lab. He was one a dozen students awarded a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) by the American Physiological Society (APS).

The SURF fellowships supports students conducting research in the laboratory of an APS member. Looft-Wilson, a professor in William & Marys Department of Kinesiology, studies artery function and its role in cardiovascular health. She says Stechmann is a good addition to her lab and is well deserving of the SURF fellowship.

I loved that he had a military background. Im from a military family, and I know the work ethic, so that that was certainly a plus, Looft-Wilson said. He expressed a strong interest in research and said he wanted to go into medicine.

Stechmann transferred into William & Mary from J. Sergeant Reynolds Community College. He expects to get his bachelors degree in 2024 and is already considering his post-William & Mary options. Depending on how he wants to balance research and patient care, he will choose among programs leading to an M.D., a Ph.D. or an M.D./Ph.D. combination.

I know that many M.D.s will do research and they dont have the Ph.D. attached, Stechmann said. I dont think Ive talked to enough M.D.-Ph.D.s and M.D.s-only yet. But yeah, if I want research to be a big part of my career, then maybe M.D.-Ph.D. is something that I want to look at.

Hes getting plenty of opportunity to see how he likes conducting research in Looft-Wilsons lab. Theyre studying constriction in very small blood vessels. Lately, Stechmann has been cannulating mesenteric arteries, those vessels that supply blood from the aorta to the intestines.

This is a microsurgery, so Jacob does all of this under the microscope, Looft-Wilson explained. The cannula are teeny-tiny. And as you can imagine, youve got these very fine tipped forceps and youre in this tiny little dish, the dish is about this big, making a thumb-forefinger circle.

Each cannula Stechmann uses is roughly twice the diameter of a human hair. Working in the tiny little dish, peering through the microscope, Stechmann slips the artery over the teeny-tiny glass cannula (Kind of like putting a sock on a foot, Looft-Wilson says) and ties it down. Stechmann explained that once he has an artery cannulated, the lab adds a chemical to stimulate constriction of the artery.

We study artery function at the molecular level, and also at the tissue level, Looft-Wilson explained. We look at contraction and relaxation of the artery, which is very important for controlling blood both blood pressure in the body, and blood flow to individual tissues.

She went on to say that her lab is researching the molecular signaling in the sympathetic nerve stimulation pathway.

You know: your fight or flight response, Looft-Wilson said. When youre stressed or when you exercise, your sympathetic nervous system is activated. And one of the things that happens is sympathetic nerves release a neurotransmitter that causes the blood vessels to constrict.

The APS SURF fellowship carries a stipend to support his summer research in the Looft-Wilson lab. It also provides for Stechmann to attend the APS international meeting, the Physiology Summit, in April 2023.

Thousands of scientists will be there, Looft-Wilson said. Jacob will be presenting a poster, probably in a couple of different forums, including one highlighting undergraduates.

Mingling with the M.D.s, Ph.D.s and M.D.-Ph.D.s at the Physiology Summit will give Stechmann the opportunity to hear different points of view on the research-patient care professional spectrum. Its another of the many advantages the SURF fellowship offers.

At a very basic level, the fellowship allows me to really dive deep and research and understand the process that is backbone of science to understand how it actually works and how these results are determined and presented and shared among colleagues, Stechmann said. I think it just really opens me up to the experience in general. And as for my future, Im sort of debating as how much I want research to be a part of my career, and I think this will be perfect for seeing how I enjoy it.

Joseph McClain, Research Writer

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Physiology

Trevena Announces Results from Respiratory Physiology Study of Head-to-Head Comparison of OLINVYK and IV Morphine in Elderly/Overweight Subjects -…

April 23, 2022 medical

Trevena Inc.

OLINVYK showed a statistically significant reduced impact on respiratory function compared to IV morphine, among elderly/overweight subjects

Data replicate observations previously seen in a comparative study of respiratory physiology in younger subjects with OLINVYK and IV morphine

CHESTERBROOK, Pa., April 20, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Trevena, Inc. (Nasdaq: TRVN), a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of novel medicines for patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders, today announced results from its double blinded, crossover study evaluating OLINVYK (oliceridine) injection for the management of acute pain, in elderly/overweight. This study builds on the collaborative work with Dr. Albert Dahan and his research team at Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC).

We are very pleased with the results of our study, which replicate earlier results reported in younger subjects, said Dr. Albert Dahan, Professor of Anesthesiology at Leiden University Medical Center, These data suggest that OLINVYK, a new chemical entity, may offer a more favorable respiratory safety profile when compared to IV morphine.

Dr. Dahans team compared the analgesic and respiratory effects of two doses of OLINVYK (0.5mg and 2.0mg) and morphine (2.0mg and 8.0mg) administered intravenously in a population of elderly individuals (age range 56 to 87 years, mean age = 71.2) across a range of body weight (BMI range from 20 to 34 kg/m2, mean BMI= 26.3). Subjects were tested on 4 occasions and randomized by drug and dose. On each visit, the ventilatory response to inhaled carbon dioxide was measured to evaluate the potential effect of the drug on the brain respiratory centers. Elderly and overweight patients are known to be at higher risk of respiratory depression with the use of opioid medications. This study hypothesized that, at similar levels of analgesia, there would be a reduced impact on respiratory function with OLINVYK compared to IV morphine. The primary endpoint of the study was ventilatory rate at an extrapolated PCO2 of 55 mmHg (VE55).

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Key Findings

Both OLINVYK and IV morphine achieved comparable levels of pain relief. However, a statistically significantly reduced impact on respiratory function was observed in patients treated with OLINVYK compared to IV morphine, as measured by the mean respiratory ventilation profiles over time (P < 0.0001).

In contrast to the lower dose of IV morphine, very little impact on respiratory function was observed with the lower dose of OLINVYK.

At the higher dose of both drugs studied, less respiratory depression over the 6 h measurement period was observed with OLINVYK. The peak level was lower for OLINVYK compared to morphine, though this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In addition, in contrast to morphine, respiratory function at the higher dose of OLINVYK rapidly returned toward baseline from 3 hours onward (all time points P < 0.05 in pairwise comparison).

The data replicate the results from a previously reported study in younger subjects.

Comparing the sensitivity of the impact on respiratory function from the earlier study and the results from the current study suggests that there is a nearly identical impact on respiratory function with OLINVYK in the younger and elderly age groups, while IV morphine data suggests an increase in impact in the elderly compared to the younger subjects.

We believe these data from Dr. Dahans study team are important. They replicate the results from an earlier study reported by Trevena in younger subjects using a similar methodology, and they extend our knowledge to patients who are at higher risk for the development of respiratory depression with the use of opioids, namely elderly and overweight patients, said Mark A. Demitrack, M.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of Trevena. As with all opioids, serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur in patients treated with OLINVYK. We look forward to seeing further analysis of this data by Dr. Dahans team and working with him to see these results reported to the wider scientific community and submitted for publication in the near future.

About OLINVYK (oliceridine) injection

OLINVYK is a new chemical entity approved by the FDA in August 2020. OLINVYK contains oliceridine, an opioid, which is a Schedule II controlled substance with a high potential for abuse similar to other opioids. It is indicated in adults for the management of acute pain severe enough to require an intravenous opioid analgesic and for whom alternative treatments are inadequate. OLINVYK is available in 1 mg/1 mL and 2 mg/2 mL single-dose vials, and a 30 mg/30 mL single-patient-use vial for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Approved PCA doses are 0.35 mg and 0.5 mg and doses greater than 3 mg should not be administered. The cumulative daily dose should not exceed 27 mg. Please see Important Safety Information, including the BOXED WARNING, and full prescribing information at http://www.OLINVYK.com.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATIONWARNING: ADDICTION, ABUSE, AND MISUSE; LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; and RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) DEPRESSANTS

ADDICTION, ABUSE, AND MISUSE OLINVYK exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Assess each patients risk before prescribing OLINVYK, and monitor all patients regularly for the development of behaviors or conditions.

LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur with use of OLINVYK. Monitor for respiratory depression, especially during initiation of OLINVYK or following a dose increase.

NEONATAL OPIOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME Prolonged use of OLINVYK during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated, and requires management according to protocols developed by neonatology experts. If opioid use is required for a prolonged period in a pregnant woman, advise the patient of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and ensure that appropriate treatment will be available.

RISK FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate; limit dosages and durations to the minimum required; and follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation.

INDICATIONS AND USAGEOLINVYK is an opioid agonist indicated in adults for the management of acute pain severe enough to require an intravenous opioid analgesic and for whom alternative treatments are inadequate.Limitations of UseBecause of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, reserve OLINVYK for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products]:

Have not been tolerated, or are not expected to be tolerated

Have not provided adequate analgesia, or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.

The cumulative total daily dose should not exceed 27 mg, as total daily doses greater than 27 mg may increase the risk for QTc interval prolongation.CONTRAINDICATIONSOLINVYK is contraindicated in patients with:

Significant respiratory depression

Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment

Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus

Known hypersensitivity to oliceridine (e.g., anaphylaxis)

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

OLINVYK contains oliceridine, a Schedule II controlled substance, that exposes users to the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse. Although the risk of addiction in any individual is unknown, it can occur in patients appropriately prescribed OLINVYK. Assess risk, counsel, and monitor all patients receiving opioids.

Serious, life-threatening respiratory depression has been reported with the use of opioids, even when used as recommended, especially in patients with chronic pulmonary disease, or in elderly, cachectic and debilitated patients. The risk is greatest during initiation of OLINVYK therapy, following a dose increase, or when used with other drugs that depress respiration. Proper dosing of OLINVYK is essential, especially when converting patients from another opioid product to avoid overdose. Management of respiratory depression may include close observation, supportive measures, and use of opioid antagonists, depending on the patients clinical status.

Opioids can cause sleep-related breathing disorders including central sleep apnea (CSA) and sleep-related hypoxemia with risk increasing in a dose-dependent fashion. In patients who present with CSA, consider decreasing the dose of opioid using best practices for opioid taper.

Prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy can result in withdrawal in the neonate that may be life-threatening. Observe newborns for signs of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and manage accordingly. Advise pregnant women using OLINVYK for a prolonged period of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and ensure that appropriate treatment will be available.

Profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death may result from the concomitant use of OLINVYK with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants (e.g., non-benzodiazepine sedatives/hypnotics, anxiolytics, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics, antipsychotics, other opioids, or alcohol). Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate, prescribe the lowest effective dose, and minimize the duration.

OLINVYK was shown to have mild QTc interval prolongation in thorough QT studies where patients were dosed up to 27 mg. Total cumulative daily doses exceeding 27 mg per day were not studied and may increase the risk for QTc interval prolongation. Therefore, the cumulative total daily dose of OLINVYK should not exceed 27 mg.

Increased plasma concentrations of OLINVYK may occur in patients with decreased Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 function or normal metabolizers taking moderate or strong CYP2D6 inhibitors; also in patients taking a moderate or strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, in patients with decreased CYP2D6 function who are also receiving a moderate or strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, or with discontinuation of a CYP3A4 inducer. These patients may require less frequent dosing and should be closely monitored for respiratory depression and sedation at frequent intervals. Concomitant use of OLINVYK with CYP3A4 inducers or discontinuation of a moderate or strong CYP3A4 inhibitor can lower the expected concentration, which may decrease efficacy, and may require supplemental doses.

Cases of adrenal insufficiency have been reported with opioid use (usually greater than one month). Presentation and symptoms may be nonspecific and include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and low blood pressure. If confirmed, treat with physiologic replacement doses of corticosteroids and wean patient from the opioid.

OLINVYK may cause severe hypotension, including orthostatic hypotension and syncope in ambulatory patients. There is increased risk in patients whose ability to maintain blood pressure has already been compromised by a reduced blood volume or concurrent administration of certain CNS depressant drugs (e.g., phenothiazines or general anesthetics). Monitor these patients for signs of hypotension. In patients with circulatory shock, avoid the use of OLINVYK as it may cause vasodilation that can further reduce cardiac output and blood pressure.

Avoid the use of OLINVYK in patients with impaired consciousness or coma. OLINVYK should be used with caution in patients who may be susceptible to the intracranial effects of CO2 retention, such as those with evidence of increased intracranial pressure or brain tumors, as a reduction in respiratory drive and the resultant CO2 retention can further increase intracranial pressure. Monitor such patients for signs of sedation and respiratory depression, particularly when initiating therapy.

As with all opioids, OLINVYK may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, and may cause increases in serum amylase. Monitor patients with biliary tract disease, including acute pancreatitis, for worsening symptoms.

OLINVYK may increase the frequency of seizures in patients with seizure disorders and may increase the risk of seizures in vulnerable patients. Monitor patients with a history of seizure disorders for worsened seizure control.

Do not abruptly discontinue OLINVYK in a patient physically dependent on opioids. Gradually taper the dosage to avoid a withdrawal syndrome and return of pain. Avoid the use of mixed agonist/antagonist (e.g., pentazocine, nalbuphine, and butorphanol) or partial agonist (e.g., buprenorphine) analgesics in patients who are receiving OLINVYK, as they may reduce the analgesic effect and/or precipitate withdrawal symptoms.

OLINVYK may impair the mental or physical abilities needed to perform potentially hazardous activities such as driving a car or operating machinery.

Although self-administration of opioids by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) may allow each patient to individually titrate to an acceptable level of analgesia, PCA administration has resulted in adverse outcomes and episodes of respiratory depression. Health care providers and family members monitoring patients receiving PCA analgesia should be instructed in the need for appropriate monitoring for excessive sedation, respiratory depression, or other adverse effects of opioid medications.

ADVERSE REACTIONSAdverse reactions are described in greater detail in the Prescribing Information.The most common (incidence 10%) adverse reactions in Phase 3 controlled clinical trials were nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, constipation, pruritus, and hypoxia.MEDICAL INFORMATIONFor medical inquiries or to report an adverse event, other safety-related information or product complaints for a company product, please contact the Trevena Medical Information Contact Center at 1-844-465-4686 or email MedInfo@Trevena.com.You are encouraged to report suspected adverse events of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit http://www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.Please see Full Prescribing Information, including Boxed Warning.

About Trevena

Trevena, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative medicines for patients with CNS disorders. The Company has one approved product in the United States, OLINVYK (oliceridine) injection, indicated in adults for the management of acute pain severe enough to require an intravenous opioid analgesic and for whom alternative treatments are inadequate. The Companys novel pipeline is based on Nobel Prize winning research and includes four differentiated investigational drug candidates: TRV045 for diabetic neuropathic pain and epilepsy, TRV027 for acute respiratory distress syndrome and abnormal blood clotting in COVID-19 patients, TRV250 for the acute treatment of migraine and TRV734 for maintenance treatment of opioid use disorder.

For more information, please visit http://www.Trevena.com

Forward-Looking Statements

Any statements in this press release about future expectations, plans and prospects for the Company, including statements about the Companys strategy, future operations, clinical development and trials of its therapeutic candidates, plans for potential future product candidates and other statements containing the words anticipate, believe, estimate, expect, intend, may, plan, predict, project, suggest, target, potential, will, would, could, should, continue, and similar expressions, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including: the status, timing, costs, results and interpretation of the Companys clinical trials or any future trials of any of the Companys investigational drug candidates; the uncertainties inherent in conducting clinical trials; expectations for regulatory interactions, submissions and approvals, including the Companys assessment of discussions with FDA; available funding; uncertainties related to the Companys intellectual property; uncertainties related to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, other matters that could affect the availability or commercial potential of the Companys therapeutic candidates and approved product; and other factors discussed in the Risk Factors set forth in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and in other filings the Company makes with the SEC from time to time. In addition, the forward-looking statements included in this press release represent the Companys views only as of the date hereof. The Company anticipates that subsequent events and developments may cause the Companys views to change. However, while the Company may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, it specifically disclaims any obligation to do so, except as may be required by law.

For more information, please contact:

Investor Contact:

Dan FerryManaging DirectorLifeSci Advisors, LLCdaniel@lifesciadvisors.com(617) 430-7576

PR & Media Contact:

Sasha BennettAssociate Vice PresidentClyde GroupSasha.Bennett@clydegroup.com(239) 248-3409

Company Contact:

Bob YoderSVP and Chief Business OfficerTrevena, Inc.(610) 354-8840

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Trevena Announces Results from Respiratory Physiology Study of Head-to-Head Comparison of OLINVYK and IV Morphine in Elderly/Overweight Subjects -...

Physiology

PODCAST: Field Atlas Helps to Explore Career Options – Inside INdiana Business

April 23, 2022 medical

Even though Hanover College senior Baylee Dwenger was in 4-H and FFA while growing up, her collegiate path steered her away from agriculture. Shes earning a degree in kinesiology and physiology, which seems far removed from the farm. Still, as an intern with AgriNovus Indianas Field Atlas ambassador program, she sees vast opportunities in the agbioscience sector.

During this weeks Ag+Bio+Science podcast presented by AgriNovus, Dwenger explained the correlation.

I just found the diversity within agbiosciences to be so surprising. And then how quickly its developing, Dwenger explained to Inside INdiana Business and podcast host Gerry Dick. Its crazy how, a few years ago, the technology we have now didnt even exist. So just thinking about how quickly its developing is great to me.

The Field Atlas is an online career exploration platform that enables students to explore agbioscience careers through online talent assessments, videos and profiles. The resource helps young job seekers and college students to identify jobs and companies that align with their personal and professional interests.

Sriya Nagubani, a sophomore studying pharmaceutical science at Purdue University, also served as an ambassador during the spring semester.

I didnt know much about the agbioscience sector at all. But once I started being an ambassador, I learned how up and coming it was, said Nagubani. I can see how fast its growing and how inclusive it is. There are many majors that can be a part of it.

Dwenger and Nagubani agree the Field Atlas is a perfect tool to help steer high school and college students towards the abundant job choices in Indianas agbioscience sector.

The new Ag+Bio+Science podcast comes out Monday morning. Click here to learn more. To access the full line-up of Inside INdiana Business podcasts, click here.

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PODCAST: Field Atlas Helps to Explore Career Options - Inside INdiana Business

Physiology

Cermaq’s land-based lead to take up academic role – The Fish Site

April 23, 2022 medical

He will teach bachelor and master students and eventually also supervise doctoral students. This will also involve developing courses on continuing education in aquaculture technology, especially with a focus on RAS/post-smolt. The courses will be open to all fish farming companies and others in the region. The long-term goal is also to initiate various research collaborations with external actors.

We are very pleased to have Bendik Fyhn Terjesen on the team in a professor II position, said Dean Mette Srensen in a press release.

Terjesen is a very experienced aquaculture scientist with a broad experience within recirculation and postsmolt production. We want to use his knowledge and experience towards existing and new courses aimed at both campus students and in continuing and further education courses aimed at the aquaculture industry. We also hope that the collaboration will contribute to the development of new knowledge through joint research projects with the aquaculture industry, added Srensen.

Terjesen has an extensive research career focusing on fish physiology and aquaculture technology and he made his first experiments in water recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in 1993 at Wageningen University. He led the construction of the Nofima Center for Recirculation in Aquaculture and the start-up of CtrlAQUA, a center for research-based innovation in aquaculture in closed systems, before joining Cermaq.

Aquaculture is an increasingly important source of safe, nutritious, and sustainable seafood for people worldwide. Globally, aquaculture production must double by 2030 to keep pace with demand. These increases in demand for aquaculture products, food security considerations, and job creation have generated an increased need for skilled workers.

Discover how you can be part of this rapidly expanding industry.

This is a recognition of Bendik as one of the persons with most technology expertise in the industry. Sharing knowledge through collaboration with Nord University is completely in line with Cermaq's knowledge- and research-based approach. We are confident that this will be a good cooperation for both parties and congratulate Terjesen on his appointment," said Erlend Reiten, chief transformation officer at Cermaq Group.

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Cermaq's land-based lead to take up academic role - The Fish Site

Physiology

Faculty Highlights: Recent Awards and Grants – Drexel University

April 23, 2022 medical

Professors across Drexel University continued to advance scholarly research and make significant academic and professional contributions. This update offers a snapshot of activity from the last term, courtesy of the Office of the Provost.

Quality of Fat Input Determines Output of Kidney and Cardiac Health and Repair, says USF Health Study – Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology

April 23, 2022 medical

April 19, 2022 New breakthrough research by a University of South Florida lab team describing how certain fats can harm or repair the heart after injury has been accepted by a journal of the American Physiological Society.

A manuscript by Ganesh Halade, PhD, an associate professor of cardiovascular sciences at the USF Health Morsani College of Medicine and a researcher in the USF Health Heart Institute, appears in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, published March 25.

Dr. Halades research article is titled Metabolic Transformation of Fat in Obesity Determines the Inflammation Resolving Capacity of Splenocardiac and Cardiorenal Networks in Heart Failure.

A key message of the manuscript is how a certain type of healthy fat known as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which is present in Omega-3 fish oil, as found in salmon and tuna works in tandem with enzymes from the spleen to clear the inflammation in a damaged heart. The spleen plays an important role because it sends immune cells with bags of healthy fat that operates cardiac repair after major injury such as a heart attack.

So the fat intake needs to be of optimal quality and used by the right enzyme of immune cells, Halade said. This is all about cardiac repair and the inflammation clearing molecules (resolution mediators) involved in that repair. Its essential to the resolution process.

Another key message is more about prevention and the genesis of cardiovascular disease: How a chronic and surplus dietary intake of safflower oil (SO, omega-6) can lead to residual inflammation of spleen, kidney, heart, and biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators after an ischemic event. SO is a type of fat commonly used in processed and fast foods that drives chronic inflammation.

The big question for most people is whether a fat is good or bad, or is omega-3 helpful for heart health? Halade said. Everyone is dealing with this question. Were thinking beyond that by looking at how fat is used in the body after a heart attack and in what forms.

All fats are not created equal, he added, and despite the extensive literature, the effect of fat intake is the most debated question in obesity, cardiovascular, and cardiorenal research.

In his research, Halade and his team put 100 mice on a 12-week diet of processed (SO) foods to develop residual inflammation and then 50 mice randomized on a primarily DHA-enriched diet for next eight weeks before subjecting to ischemic surgery in mice.

The team made sure both diets had same quantity of calorie per gram of diet. The surplus and chronic intake of SO increased inflammation along with a dysfunctional cardiorenal network. In contrast, DHA increased survival following such heart damage (heart attack).

A result of the study was that the alignment of immune cell enzymes from the spleen and DHA fats are essential to cardiac repair. These so-called resolution mediators (a family of specialized pro-resolving mediators) is the bodys natural defense process without a negative impact on the bodys physiological response, Halade said.

Our next step is to determine the enzymatic machinery or immune responsive enzymes that biosynthesize resolution mediators after ischemic (decreased blood flow commonly called a heart attack) event, Dr. Halade said.

Part of Halades research focuses on how unresolved chronic inflammation and immune responsive metabolic dysregulation contributes to ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure. He is involved in studies of heart failure etiology with an integrative approach focusing on splenic leukocytes and heart, as well as the measurement of inflammatory mediators that impair cardiac repair and resolving lipid mediators that facilitate cardiac repair after a heart attack.

Click here for a related story on Dr. Halades heart research at USF.

Halade hopes his latest work can shed new light on controlling chronic inflammation and treating heart failure a progressively debilitating condition in which weakened or stiff heart muscle cannot pump enough blood to meet the bodys demand for nutrients and oxygen.

It has become a growing public health problem, fueled in part by an aging population, poor diet and obesity epidemic. About 6.2 million adults in the U.S. suffer heart failure, and nearly have died within five years of diagnosis,according to the Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The American Physiological Society (APS), which publishes the journal, is a nonprofit devoted to fostering education, scientific research, and dissemination of information in the physiological sciences.

The editors commend you on your outstanding contribution to the journal, the accepting team wrote to Halade. We would like to thank you for contributing this novel and important article.

The USF Health study was supported by grants from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH, formerly known as National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine; (NCCAM), and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.

For the successful completion of these findings, Halade and team member Dr. Vasundhara Kain from USF collaborated with two other researchers: Dr. Merry Lindsey, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; and Dr. Xavier De La Rosa, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School.

For more information:https://www.usf.edu/

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Quality of Fat Input Determines Output of Kidney and Cardiac Health and Repair, says USF Health Study - Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology

Physiology

Improving the Ecological Impacts of Light Pollution on Birds – AZoCleantech

April 23, 2022 medical

Artificial light at night (ALAN) has a negative impact on natural systems worldwide. ALAN causes changes in physiology and behavior in organisms, which can have an impact on populations, communities, and ecosystems. ALANs confusing effect on nocturnal migration is one of the most serious consequences for birds.

Image Credit:Albert Beukhof/Shutterstock.com

During the migratory flight, nocturnally migrating birds are drawn to ALAN on an individual level. During the stopover, populations of nocturnally migratory birds have been shown to be closer to ALAN, and species numbers have been demonstrated to be connected with ALAN sources in urban areas. This article will look at seasonal associations with light pollution trends and their effect onnocturnally migrating bird populations. The research was published in Ecosphere.

Outside of seasonal migration, ALAN can have a negative impact on nocturnally migratory birds. Urban sources of ALAN are related to decreased abundance and fewer nocturnally migratory species at the population level during both breeding and non-breeding seasons. ALAN may affect migratory and resident animals circadian rhythms, behavior, and physiology at the individual level.

ALAN is often treated as a static source of pollution in studies on the ecological impacts of ALAN on migrating birds. ALAN, on the other hand, is a dynamic phenomenon influenced by urban expansion and degradation, as well as technological advancements in lighting.

As a result, documenting the effects of ALAN requires using a whole annual cycle viewpoint. However, the spatial link between nocturnally migratory bird populations seasonal distributions and ALAN trends has not been investigated.

The goal of this research is to document how correlations with ALAN annual trends are defined across the entire annual cycle for nocturnally migrating birds, with the objective of enhancing baseline information on the regions and seasons where mitigation efforts like Lights Out programs would have the greatest impact.

Experts show how populations of nocturnally migratory bird species that nest in North America and travel throughout the Western Hemisphere are linked to ALAN patterns throughout the course of the year.

For the combined period 20052020, researchers compare weekly estimations of relative abundance for 42 nocturnally migrating passerine (NMP) bird species obtained from data from the eBird community science initiative with yearly estimates of ALAN for the period 19922013.

As a result, researchers anticipate that the 42 NMP species will be linked to favorable ALAN trends during the majority of their yearly life cycles.

Their goal is to inform ALAN mitigation efforts and increase the understanding of the ecological implications of various types of environmental pollution for birds and other species by validating these predictions.

Researchers assessed the four seasons of the annual cycle (nonbreeding, spring migration, breeding, and fall migration) for the 42 NMP species using the following technique to support the interpretation seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1. The great-circle (geodesic) distance between weekly centroids of occurrence weighted by relative abundance for 42 nocturnally migrating passerine bird species. The fitted black line and 95% confidence band are from a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) with species included as a random effect. The vertical polygons demarcate spring migration (15 March17 May) and autumn migration (10 August19 October) as delineated by the inflection points in the fitted GAMM line. Image Credit: La Sorte, et al., 2022

Researchers estimated ALAN by year for the period 19922013 in the Western Hemisphere using the harmonized global nighttime light dataset normalized using stepwise calibration (see Figure 2).

Figure 2. (a) Average artificial light at night (ALAN) and (b) the trend in ALAN during the period 19922013 within the Western Hemisphere. The ALAN data are gridded at a 30-arcsecond spatial resolution (ca. 1km at the equator), and the units are digital numbers (DNs; range = 063). The trend analysis was implemented using ordinary least-squares regression. The data are displayed using a Mollweide equal-area projection. Image Credit: La Sorte, et al., 2022

The 42 NMP species had different associations with ALAN annual trends depending on the week and the species, as depicted in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Weekly associations with trends in artificial light at night (ALAN) during the period 19922013 for 42 nocturnally migrating passerine bird species. Image Credit: La Sorte, et al., 2022

Figure 4 shows three significant clusters comprising 19, 15, and 8 species, respectively, discovered via hierarchical cluster analysis based on a minimum cluster size of eight species.

Figure 4. Dendrogram from a hierarchical cluster analysis of weekly associations with trends in artificial light at night for 42 nocturnally migrating passerine (NMP) bird species. The dendrogram labels are the common name alpha codes for the 42 NMP species. The colored annotations below the dendrogram identify species grouped into three clusters using an adaptive branch pruning technique. Image Credit: La Sorte, et al., 2022

In Figure 5, species in Clusters 1 and 3 were linked with low ALAN levels and positive ALAN trends during the non-breeding season, whereas species in Cluster 2 were associated with somewhat higher ALAN levels and greater positive ALAN trends.

Figure 5. Weekly associations with trends in artificial light at night (ALAN) averaged across 42 nocturnally migrating passerine (NMP) bird species in three clusters (see Figure 4). The size of the circles corresponds to average ALAN. The sample sizes are 19, 15, and eight species, respectively. The color ramp is migration speed (see Figure 1) averaged across the 42 NMP species (blue = slow, green = intermediate, and red = fast). The ALAN units are digital numbers (DNs; range = 063). Image Credit: La Sorte, et al., 2022

Figure 6 shows the seasonal distributions of species in the three groups in the Western Hemisphere.

Figure 6. The seasonal distributions within the Western Hemisphere of 42 nocturnally migrating passerine bird species grouped into three clusters (n = 19, 15, and 8, respectively) based on their weekly associations with trends in artificial light at night (see Figure 3). The maps show the proportion of each season species occur in the grid cells averaged across species in each cluster. The data are displayed using a Mollweide equal-area projection. Image Credit: La Sorte, et al., 2022

This research revealed three distinct clusters of NMP species, each of which had differing connections with ALAN trends based on weekly patterns of relative abundance in the Western Hemisphere. During the breeding season, two clusters of species were found in western and northern North America.

The species in these clusters had moderate levels of ALAN and somewhat negative ALAN trends. Species in these clusters were related to low ALAN levels and positive ALAN trends during the non-breeding season. Scientists discovered the third cluster of species whose positive ALAN trends persisted throughout the yearly cycle, peaking during migration, particularly in the spring.

During migratory and the non-breeding season, NMP species experience high ALAN levels and favorable ALAN trends in Central America, according to study findings. Central Americas unique topography necessitates large-scale migration methods inside the area.

Research data revealed that during the breeding season, southern North America had the greatest ALAN levels and strongest positive ALAN trends, whereas, during the non-breeding season, Central America had the highest ALAN levels and strongest positive ALAN trends.

Changes in lighting technology have traditionally influenced ALAN dynamics. This is now predicated on the shift to LED technology, which has resulted in increased ALAN emissions and changes in ALAN spectral composition in some areas. Depending on the scenario, switching to LED technology can either worsen or mitigate ALANs negative effects on birds.

It would be useful to analyze how LED technology, which has advanced since 2013, is affecting the ALAN patterns observed in this study, as well as the ramifications for the regions nocturnally migratory bird species.

For many species, researchers summarized range-wide relationships with ALAN trends by week across the yearly cycle in this study. Exploring species-specific, local-scale connections with ALAN trends in data-poor locations, on the other hand, might be difficult. Efforts to improve the coverage of eBird data in under-sampled parts of the world might be beneficial in improving the spatial quality of these types of analyses.

Within the Western Hemisphere, research findings pinpoint the places and seasons when ALAN mitigation initiatives are most likely to provide the greatest benefits. These findings also lay the groundwork for further research into the impact of ALAN in recent bird population decreases in North America.

During migration, scientists identified Central America as a significant zone where reversing ALAN trends will likely benefit most individuals of the most species, particularly during spring migration.

Outside of migration, researchers found that reversing ALAN trends would likely have the greatest advantages in southern North America during the breeding season and Central America during the non-breeding season.

Because of urbanization and changes in lighting technology, the problems posed by ALAN for birds and other species will continue to develop, underlining the necessity of documenting ALAN relationships and their consequences at the individual and population levels across locations and seasons.

La Sorte, F.A., Horton, K.G., Johnston, A., Fink, D. and Auer, T. (2022) Seasonal associations with light pollution trends for nocturnally migrating bird populations. Ecosphere, 13(3), p.e3994. Available Online: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecs2.3994.

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