Category Archives: Physiology

Physiology

Study demonstrates the benefits of strawberry extract consumption in delaying the production of Alzheimer’s-associated beta-amyloid protein in a…

Research focused on the bioactive components of the strawberry variety Romina has shown the ability of this food to delay -amyloid protein-induced paralysis, reduce amyloid- aggregation and prevent oxidative stress in the experimental model Caenorhabditis elegans.

In addition, the study verified the richness of the strawberry extract used in the study in terms of its content in phenolic compounds (mainly ellagic acid and pelargonidin-3-glucoside) and minerals (K, Mg, P and Ca).

The Romina strawberry variety stands out for its high adaptability to non-fumigated soils and open field cultivation in climatic conditions from the Adriatic to central-northern Europe and for its resistance to diseases, in addition to being recognized for its nutritional quality and early ripening.

The authors of the study point out that, despite the health benefits of strawberry intake, information on the relationship of this fruit with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, is limited.

The research was led by the following authors: Mara D. Navarro-Hortal, Jose M. Romero-Mrquez y Jose L. Quiles (Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''Jos Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada), Adelaida Esteban-Muoz (Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada), Cristina Sanchez-Gonzalez, Juan Llopis and Lorenzo Rivas-Garca (Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ''Jos Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada; Centro de Investigacin Deporte y Salud), Danila Cianciosi (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University), Francesca Giampieri and Maurizio Battino (Department of Clinical Sciences, Universit Politecnica delle Marche) Sandra Sumalla-Cano (Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health Research Group, European University of the Atlantic).

The full article is available in the following link.

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Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Romina) methanolic extract attenuates Alzheimers beta amyloid production and oxidative stress by SKN-1/NRF and DAF-16/FOXO mediated mechanisms in C. elegans

1-Oct-2021

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Study demonstrates the benefits of strawberry extract consumption in delaying the production of Alzheimer's-associated beta-amyloid protein in a...

Physiology

Provost Tammy Evetovich named interim chancellor of UW-Platteville – University of Wisconsin System

Evetovich

MADISON, Wis.University of Wisconsin System Interim President Michael J. Falbo today named Provost and Vice Chancellor of Academic Affairs Tammy Evetovich as interim Chancellor of UW-Platteville. Evetovich will begin that position June 1.

Evetovich replaces Dennis J. Shields, who is departing to become President of the Southern University System and Chancellor of Southern University and A&M College in Baton Rouge. Shields has been the Chancellor at UW-Platteville since 2010.

We will miss Chancellor Shields, who has been a true asset to UW-Platteville, but I am confident in Provost Evetovich and the universitys leadership team, Falbo said.

Evetovich has served as the provost and vice chancellor of Academic Affairs at UW-Platteville since June 2020. During this time, she led the universitys transition to alternative learning methods due to the COVID-19 pandemic and spearheaded an academic strategic plan that guides the university as it continues to provide high-quality education.

I am honored and humbled to carry on the rich legacy at UW-Platteville as interim chancellor, Evetovich said. From my first interactions with students, faculty, staff, and alumni, I quickly learned how special this place is and admired the deep commitment to learning so valued by the entire UW-Platteville community. Our hands-on approach to education has contributed greatly to strong student outcomes and makes our graduates valuable additions to the workforce. I look forward to continuing that pioneer attitude and creating momentum towards building even more student-focused initiatives.

Prior to arriving in southwest Wisconsin, Evetovich served more than 20 years in a variety of leadership roles at Wayne State College in Wayne, Nebraska. She was Dean of the School of Natural and Social Sciences and a department chair and professor in the Department of Health, Human Performance, and Sport. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in biology and masters degree and Ph.D. in exercise physiology from the University of NebraskaLincoln.

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The University of Wisconsin System serves approximately 165,000 students. Awarding nearly 37,000 degrees annually, the UW System is Wisconsins talent pipeline, putting graduates in position to increase their earning power, contribute to their communities, and make Wisconsin a better place to live. Nearly 90 percent of in-state UW System graduates stay in Wisconsin five years after earning a degree with a median salary of more than $66,000. The UW System provides a 23:1 return on state investment. UW System universities also contribute to the richness of Wisconsins culture and economy with groundbreaking research, new companies and patents, and boundless creative intellectual energy.

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Provost Tammy Evetovich named interim chancellor of UW-Platteville - University of Wisconsin System

Physiology

CM wants Swat vet varsitys groundbreaking – The News International

PESHAWAR: Chief Minister Mahmood Khan on Friday directed the officials to complete all the prerequisites for groundbreaking of the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Swat.

He issued the directive while chairing a meeting on the establishment of the varsity in Swat here, said an official handout. Minister for Livestock Mohibullah Khan, Secretary Livestock Muhammad Israr Khan and other relevant officials attended the meeting.

Briefing the participants about various aspects of the project, it was told that the university would be established in Chota Kalam.

It would span over 263 kanals of land with an estimated cost of Rs8 billion.

The university will provide education and research facilities to students in 20 different departments of three faculties.

About the proposed departments in the university, it was informed that Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Fisheries, Wildlife, Biochemistry and Biotechnology departments would be established under the Biosciences Faculty.

Nine different departments, including Pathology, Microbiology, Medicine, Surgery and Pet Sciences would be established Under the Faculty of Veterinary Science.

Under the Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, five departments including Animal Nutrition, Livestock Management, Poultry Sciences, Breeding and Genetics and the Department of Meat and Dairy Technology would be established.

It was added that the relevant institutions of the Livestock and Dairy Development Department would be linked to the proposed university as outreach centres.

Touching upon the proposed building for the university, it was informed that the building would include administration and academic blocks, an education centre, four boys hostels, one girls hostel, accommodation for faculty and staff, teaching and research centres and other allied facilities.

The chief minister termed the establishment of the proposed university a need of the region as he felt that existing universities offered limited programmes in veterinary education while the demand was much higher.

He hoped the establishment of the proposed university would not only provide quality education and research facilities to the students interested in this field but also would prove to be a milestone for the development of livestock and other related fields.

Mahmood Khan directed the officials concerned to determine the priorities in the construction of the proposed university and formulate various packages for the purpose.

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CM wants Swat vet varsitys groundbreaking - The News International

Physiology

The dogs of Science Hall Tone Madison – tonemadison.com

What does all of this signify? To try to answer that question, we need to consider three sets of facts we have on hand. First, there are the rooms themselves, with their dog cages, windowless chambers, ceiling ventilation and soundproof construction. Second, we know that medical research was being conducted in the building at this time and that Medical School labs were close by on the fourth floor. Third, there is the historical context to consider. In April of 1917, a few months before these renovation plans were drafted, the United States had declared war on Germany and entered the First World War. An immediate concern was poison gas, which Britain, France, and Germany were all using as a chemical weapon. By mid-1917, the federal government and the War Department had launched a war gas research program that eventually enrolled hundreds of scientists from universities and private labs across the country. From the very beginning, researchers employed animals, especially dogs, as experimental subjects.

The first use of poisonous gas in the First World War was a German chlorine gas attack against British troops in April of 1915. The British, initially outraged, soon decided to fight fire with fire and an arms race escalated quickly, as historian Jeffrey Allan Johnson detailed in a 2017 paper. When the U.S. entered the war two years later, the chemical arsenal of the combatants had grown to include asphyxiants like phosgene, lung irritants like chloropicrin (also spelled chlorpicrin), various compounds of arsenic and cyanide, and blistering agents (vesicants) like mustard gas.

Like Britain and France, the United States adopted a bellicose stance upon entering the war. An editorial in the December 1917 issue of the American magazine Illustrated World, quoted in a 1969 PhD thesis by historian and chemist Daniel Patrick Jones, observed,

Chemical knowledge of destructive substances is not limited to the German mind or German textbooks. There are among us chemists who can meet them upon their own ground and go them one better in devilish inventiveness if it is so desired.

After declaring war in April of 1917, the U.S. government quickly launched a program focused on large-scale gas production and the creation of new gasses and methods of delivery. By the end of the war in November of 1918, less than two years later, the U.S. was producing twice as much poison gas as Britain, France, and Germany combined. Gas production in the U.S. had grown to encompass at least 10 facilities. The Army's main chemical warfare plant, Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland, had more than 10,000 workers at peak production, according to the Army's own accounting in The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory To Field. Other plants included repurposed commercial chemical factories in Ohio, New York, Michigan, and Connecticut. At full capacity, this network of plants was capable of producing over 4,000 tons of poison gas per month, including chlorine, phosgene, chloropicrin, mustard gas, and lewisite, the latter being a U.S. innovation. Theo Emery chronicles this explosion of chemical-weapons research in the 2017 book Hellfire Boys.

When the war was over almost 11,000 tons of gas had been produced domestically. The Army's First Gas Regiment reached the front lines in the spring of 1918 and deployed thousands of gas shells and canisters against the German Army. But as this was already late in the war, gas use by U.S. forces never matched its domestic production levels, let alone its planned capacity. In fact, despite soaring domestic production levels, the U.S. Army did not employ any domestically produced gas in the war, relying instead on British and French weapons, according to a Department of Defense history of U.S. chemical warfare. If the war had continued into 1919, the U.S. and its allies were prepared to use their stockpiles in massive gas attacks, including aerial bombardments, against Germany, Jeffrey Allan Johnson claims. At the end of the war, these plans were abandoned. Emery details how hundreds of tons of surplus gas in barrels and artillery shells were simply dumped into the ocean.

The rapidity with which production facilities were established led to a problem: injuries to plant workers resulting from accidental exposure to toxic chemicals. At the Edgewood plant in Maryland, Emery writes in Hellfire Boys, there were 279 casualties in one month alone in 1918. Much of the impetus behind the war gas research program was to protect the workers in gas production facilities, and the Army's Chemical Warfare Service history cites this as a major focus of the research effort at the University of Wisconsin.

Despite its obvious military applications, it was the Bureau of Mines in the Department of the Interior that initially coordinated chemical warfare research in the United States. This made sense, because the Bureau was already involved in research on mine gasses and self-contained breathing devices. In early 1917, the Director of the Bureau of Mines, Vannoy Manning, offered the Bureau's services to the War Department for chemical warfare research. He made this offer through the National Research Council, which had been formed in 1916 under the National Academy of Sciences. During the war the Council's Military Committee acted as an intermediary between the Army, which posed research problems, and scientists at universities, who carried out the work, Daniel Patrick Jones notes in his 1969 UW-Madison PhD thesis.

In April of 1917, with a declaration of war imminent, the Council's Military Committee added a Subcommittee on Noxious Gases chaired by Manning. The Subcommittee was charged with conducting research into the generation of toxic gasses and developing antidotes to them. The Subcommittee's subsequent plan for research gave the Bureau of Mines its authority to conduct chemical warfare research.

Staff of the research program initially included several engineers and chemists from the Bureau of Mines, as well as Dr. Yandell Henderson, Professor of Physiology at Yale University and a consultant with the Bureau of Mines. Henderson was put in charge of medical research including

physiological investigations of gas masks, pharmacological gassing experiments on men and on animals, pathological gross and microscopic study of gassed animals, and pathological chemistry of disorders of gassed animals. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12372/m1/ p. 17)

Henderson set up a makeshift lab under the bleachers on the baseball field at Yale to begin gas experiments on animals, Emery writes in Hellfire Boys. Apparently the demand for test animals was so great that even the dog pounds in New Haven could not keep up, and Henderson's team sent out requests to the mayors of cities up and down the east coast to round up stray animals. Eventually Henderson became Director of the Toxicology, Therapeutic, Pathological and Physiological divisions at Yale, which accounted for over 40 military personnel and almost 20 civilian employees. Like other universities, Yale was eager to contribute to the war effort by supplying lab space and releasing faculty from their teaching duties, according to a Yale-published history of this period.

With scientists and lab space in short supply, the Subcommittee on Noxious Gases was granted authority to accept offers of assistance from scientists in the private sector and universities. Manning probed for interest by conducting a nationwide census of chemists that eventually received over 22,000 responses, Emery writes. The census was conducted with the assistance of the American Chemical Society, a strong advocate for the involvement of chemists in the war effort and one of the groups that successfully lobbied the government to continue chemical warfare research after the war ended.

By the end of 1917, the Bureau of Mines had obtained the aid of labs in three industrial companies, three government agencies, and 21 universities. The list of universities eventually included Bryn Mawr, Catholic, Chicago, Clark, Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Michigan, MIT, Ohio State, Princeton, Wisconsin, and Yale, according to Bureau of Mines records from that time. This cooperation was possible, in part, because the field of chemistry in Europe and the U.S. was highly industrialized and marked by a well-developed academic-industrial network. This in turn was the result of the academic-industrial symbiosis that evolved out of the chemical dye industry, which ironically was dominated by German interests, even in the U.S.

An important partner for the Bureau of Mines was American University in Washington, D.C., which had offered its buildings and grounds for free to the Army for the duration of the war. American became the main center of chemical warfare research in the United States. By late 1917, research facilities had been constructed at American, including kennels to hold over 700 dogs. Researchers across the country, including Henderson at Yale, transferred their experimental equipment and animals to American University for the duration of the war.

By September of 1917, students and professors at the University of Wisconsin had begun researching safety measures for workers at gas-production facilities. The University's role in this area became more formalized in February of 1918, when the factory protection section of the Gas Defense Service was created to study the chronic effects of exposure to war gasses, and test protective devices and therapeutic treatments. (Figure 6)

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The dogs of Science Hall Tone Madison - tonemadison.com

Physiology

CALS 2022 Summer Term courses that have limited or no prerequisites and fulfill breadth requirements CALS News – wisc.edu

Summer Term courses are a great way for UW undergraduates to get aheador stay on trackin their studies. They are also open to students enrolled at other universities, high school students and the general public. Below are some 2022 Summer Term courses from the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences that have no prerequisites and are open to all interested learners. These courses also fulfill breadth requirements such as Biological Science, Physical Science, Social Science and Humanities.

For more information about Summer Term, tuition and a full list of available courses, visit https://summer.wisc.edu/. See more information about CALS courses on the CALS 2022 Summer Term page.

AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS/AGRONOMY/INTER-AG/NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES 350: World Hunger and MalnutritionHunger and poverty in developing countries and the United States. Topics include: nutrition and health, population, food production and availability, and income distribution and employment.May 23 June 19Credit: 3Breadth: Biological Science

AGROECOLOGY/AGRONOMY/ENTOMOLOGY/ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES/COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY 103: Agroecology: An introduction to the Ecology of Food and AgricultureAgroecology has blossomed across the world in recent decades as not only a science, but also a practice, and a movement. Employ the multiple disciplines and perspectives that Agroecology affords to analyze our agricultural and food systems wihin a broader context of dynamic social and ecological relationships.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

AGRONOMY/ENTOMOLOGY/NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES 203: Introduction to Global HealthIntroduces students to global health concepts through multidisciplinary speakers dedicated to improving health through their unique training. It targets students with an interest in public health and those who wish to learn how their field impacts their global issues.June 13 July 10Credits: 3Breadth: Social Science

ANIMAL SCIENCES/DAIRY SCIENCES 101: Introduction to Animal SciencesAn overview of animal sciences covering anatomy, physiology, nutrition, reproduction, genetics, management, animal welfare, and behavior of domesticated animals. Food animals are emphasized to discuss their contributions to humans.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

ANIMAL SCIENCES 200: The Biology and Appreciation of Companion AnimalsA systematic coverage of many of the animals (including birds) that humans keep as their social companions. The classification, nutritional requirements, environmental considerations, reproductive habits, health, legal aspects and economics of companion animals and their supportive organizations.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

ANIMAL SCIENCES 240: Ancient Animals and PeoplesProvides an introduction to human and animal relationships from prehistory to the present. Examines how animals have influenced social and economic structures of past societies, with a focus on the advent of domestication. Explores the cultural and economic changes that domestication has had on human societies, as well as the behavioral, genetic, and morphological changes that this process had on once wild animals. Emphasizes the methods used to retrace human-animal interactions, drawing on cross-cultural examples from anthropology, ethnozoology, archaeology, history, and genetics.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science, Social Science

BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 310: Project Economics & Decision AnalysisEvaluation techniques for research, development & engineering projects. Covers the time value of money and other cash-flow concepts, capital budgeting, economic practices and techniques used to evaluate and optimize decisions, and research & development project portfolio management techniques.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Social SciencePrerequisites: MATH 113, 114, or (MATH 171 and 217)

BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING/ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 367: Renewable Energy SystemsLearn about the state-of-the-art in renewable energy applications including biomass for heat, electric power and liquid fuels as well as geo-energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydro power. Practice engineering calculations of power and energy availability of renewable energy sources and learn about requirements for integrating renewable energy sources into production, distribution and end-use systems.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Physical SciencePrerequisites: MATH 112, 114, 217, or graduate/professional standing

COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY 140: Introduction to Community and Environmental SociologySociological examination of the linkages between the social and biophysical dimensions of the environment. Key topics include community organizing, local food systems, energy transitions, environmental justice, resource dependence, and sustainable development. Gateway to advanced courses in sociology.July 18 August 14Credits: 4Breadth: Social Science

COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY/FOREST AND WILDLIFE ECOLOGY 248: Environment, Natural Resources and SocietyIntroduces the concerns and principles of sociology through examination of human interaction with the natural environment. Places environmental issues such as resource depletion, population growth, food production, environmental regulation, and sustainability in national and global perspectives.May 23 June 19Credits: 3Breadth: Social Science

COMMUNITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY 260: Latin America: An IntroductionLatin American culture and society from an interdisciplinary perspective; historical developments from pre-Columbian times to the present; political movements; economic problems; social change; ecology in tropical Latin America; legal systems; literature and the arts; cultural contrasts involving the US and Latin America; land reform; labor movements; capitalism, socialism, imperialism; mass media.May 23 June 19Credits: 3 4Breadth: Social Science

ENTOMOLOGY 201: Insects and Human CultureImportance of insects in humans environment, emphasizing beneficial insects, disease carriers, and agricultural pests that interfere with humans food supply. Environmental problems due to insect control agents.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

ENTOMOLOGY 205: Our Planet, Our HealthAn introduction to the multiple determinants of health, global disease burden and disparities, foundational global health principles, and the overlap between ecosystem stability, planetary boundaries, and human health. Explore the core fundamentals of global health scholarship, including but not limited to infectious disease, sanitation, and mental health, and also consider ecological perspectives on these issues through the lens of planetary boundaries. Attention is placed on how human-mediated global change (e.g. climate change, biodiversity loss, land-use patterns, geochemical cycling, agricultural practice) impacts human health and the ecosystem services we depend on. An overview of pertinent issues in sustainability science and planetary health discourse, including the Anthropocene and resilience to understand and critically assess global trends.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

FOOD SCIENCE 120: Science of FoodRelationship between food, additives, processing and health. How foods are processed.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

FOOD SCIENCE 150: Fermented Food and Beverages: Science, Art and HealthExplores the science behind fermented food and beverages, popularized by brewing, winemaking and breadmaking at home and in retail. Introduces the scientific principles that underlie food and beverage processing through fermentation. Covers how basic sciences such as chemistry, biochemistry and microbiology influence the process and desired outcomes when fermenting vegetables, milk, fruit, and grains.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

FOREST AND WILDLIFE ECOLOGY 110: Living with Wildlife Animals, Habitats and Human InteractionsA general survey course of wildlife and wildlife conservation for non-majors. Basic characteristics and management of wildlife populations and habitats. Human perceptions and interactions with wildlife. Current issues in wildlife management and conservation.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

FOREST AND WILDLIFE ECOLOGY 248: Environment, Natural Resources, and SocietyIntroduces the concerns and principles of sociology through examination of human interaction with the natural environment. Places environmental issues such as resource depletion, population growth, food production, environmental regulation, and sustainability in national and global perspectives.May 23 June 19Credits: 3Breadth: Social Science

GENETICS 133: Genetics in the NewsThe science of genetics is at the heart of many issues facing our society, and as such, genetics is often in the news. Explores the underlying genetics and methodologies to gain a deeper understanding of the science behind the headlines so that we can make more informed decisions as citizens.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

HORTICULTURE 350: Plants and Human WellbeingPlants provide not only the foundation of food, clothing, and shelter essential for human existence, but also some of the key raw materials for transcendence and abstraction through music, art, and spirituality. Since antiquity, we have co-evolved with plants and their derivative products, with each exerting a domesticating force on the other. It is, for example, impossible to think of our modern life without its plant-based accompaniments in the form of cotton, sugar, bread, coffee, and wood. Yet they are so ubiquitous we may forget they all derive from plants discovered, domesticated, bred, and farmed for millennia in a never-ending pursuit to improve our wellbeing. Major points of intersection between plants and human wellbeing will be explored from a horticultural point of view by highlighting a plant or group of plants that represent a primary commodity or resource through which humans have pursued their own aims and explore effects and impacts on human society.June 20 August 14Credits: 2Breadth: Biological Science

LIFE SCIENCES COMMUNICATION 212: Introduction to Scientific CommunicationWriting effective science digests, proposals, newsletters, and trade magazine articles for agriculture, natural resources, health and science-related topics.June 20 August 14Credits: 3General education: Communication Part BPrerequisites: Satisfied Communications A requirement

LIFE SCIENCES COMMUNICATION 251: Science, Media and SocietyIntroduction to communication at the intersection of science, politics and society; overview of the theoretical foundations of science communication and their relevance for societal debates about science and emerging technologies across different parts of the world.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Humanities, Social Science

LIFE SCIENCES COMMUNICATION 350: Visualizing Science and TechnologyIntroduction to the basic principles in the visual communication of science information. Principles of design, perception, cognition as well as the use of technologies in the representation of science in the mass media will be explored through illustrated lectures and written critique.July 5 August 7Credits: 3Breadth: Humanities, Social SciencePrerequisites: Satisfied Communications A requirement or graduate/professional standing

MICROBIOLOGY 100: The Microbial WorldPrimarily for non-science majors. Roles of microorganisms and viruses in nature, health, agriculture, pollution control and ecology. Principles of disease production, epidemiology and body defense mechanisms. Biotechnology and the genetic engineering revolution.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

MICROBIOLOGY 101: General MicrobiologySurvey of microorganisms and their activities; emphasis on structure, function, ecology, nutrition, physiology, genetics. Survey of applied microbiologymedical, agricultural, food and industrial microbiology. Intended to satisfy any curriculum which requires introductory level microbiology.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological SciencePrerequisites: CHEM 103, 108, 109, or 115. Not open to students with credit for MICROBIO 303.

MICROBIOLOGY 102: General Microbiology LaboratoryCovers techniques and procedures used in general microbiology, including cultivation, enumeration, aseptic techniques, physiology and selected applications.June 20 August 14Credits: 2Breadth: Biological SciencePrerequisites: MICROBIO 101, 303 or concurrent enrollment. Not open to students with credit for MICROBIO 304.

NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES 132: Nutrition TodayNutrition and its relationship to humans and their biological, social, and physical environment; current issues and concerns that affect the nutritional status of various population groups.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

PLANT PATHOLOGY 123: Plants, Parasites and PeopleThe course will explore the interaction between society and plant-associated microbes. Topics include: the Irish potato famine, pesticides in current agriculture, role of economics and consumer preference in crop disease management and the release of genetically engineered organisms.June 20 August 14Credits: 3Breadth: Biological Science

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CALS 2022 Summer Term courses that have limited or no prerequisites and fulfill breadth requirements CALS News - wisc.edu

Physiology

For the Record, April 8, 2022 | UDaily – UDaily

For the Record provides information about recent professional activities and honors of University of Delaware faculty, staff, students and alumni.

Recent activities presentations, publications and honors include the following:

Larry Purnell, professor emeritus of nursing, discussed Cultural theories and models and individualism and collectivism on April 7, 2022, at the Donato Post-Doctoral Institute, Prava University, Milan Italy.

Margaret Stetz, Mae and Robert Carter Professor of Women's Studies and professor of humanities, and Mark Samuels Lasner, senior research fellow at the University of Delaware Library, Museums and Press, were the invited speakers on March 30, 2022, at the Rosenbach Museum and Library in Philadelphia. Their evening of back-to-back illustrated lectures, titled "The Decadent Aubrey Beardsley," was the Rosenbach's first in-person event in more than two years. Stetz's talk, "In Bed with Aubrey Beardsley," examined the 1890s British artist and writer's daring representations of gender and sexuality, especially in his self-portraits and in his unfinished novel,Under the Hill. Samuels Lasner's talk, "The Doctor and the Decadent: Beardsley at the Rosenbach," explored how and why the bookseller A. S. W. Rosenbach's collection came to include important work by Beardsley, such as the manuscript ofUnder the Hill, as well as the history of how other Beardsley items joined the Mark Samuels Lasner Collection at the University of Delaware.

David R. Wunsch, state geologist and director of the Delaware Geological Survey, was a panelist at a policy roundtable cosponsored by Interstate Council on Water Policy (ICWP), the Western States Water Council (WSWC) and the National Water Supply Alliance (NWSA) on April 5, 2022, in Washington, DC. The panels subject was Basin Wide Water Planning and Climate Resilience, and panelists representing water management agencies from across the U.S. presented planning and modelling initiatives being undertaken in response to climate change.

Thomas Kaminski, director of the athletic training program and professor in the Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, recently presented his concussion research at the 29th annual Biomedical Distinguished Lecture Series at Chestnut Hill Colleges Center for Natural and Behavioral Sciences and the Center for Concussion Education and Research. His talk was entitled Trying to Stay aHEAD of the Curve: The Implications of Repetitive Head Impacts in Sport on Long-Term Neurological Outcomes Especially in the Sport of Soccer. He discussed the importance of limiting exposures to heading in youth soccer as the brain is developing: Every successive year, cumulative exposure can be dangerous and harmful. He also told the engaged audience at CHC that protecting head space is pivotal and answered questions about whether a ban on heading would help prevent injury. If you banned aerial challenges in the sport of soccer, you would see concussions go down immensely. Read more about how women soccer players are more at risk from heading here.

Margaret Stetz, Mae and Robert Carter Professor of Women's Studies and professor of humanities, continues her record of publication of poetry that reflects her scholarship and brings her research to new audiences. The current issue ofAzure: A Journal of Literary Thought(Volume 6: 1) contains her poem "The Depths of the Sea(1887) by Edward Burne-Jones"--a commentaryon Pre-Raphaelite painting, as well as on the Victorian fashion for women of wearing animal parts, including beetle-wing dresses and hats trimmedwith taxidermied birds.

The Courtyard by Marriott Newark-University of Delaware, managed by Bill Sullivan, was awarded two honors at the 10th annual awards ceremony for the Delaware Small Business Chamber on April 7, 2022. The hotel was named Best in New Castle County and Best Franchise in awards voted on by the chamber membership.

University of Delaware undergraduate students studying computer science, math and engineering made their mark in early March 2022 at the Association for Computing Machinerys International Collegiate Programming Contest Mid-Atlantic Region. Two teams of three students each competed against more than 100 other teams from universities in Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Team Code Gibbons placed 12th while Coding Hens placed 48th, inspiring them to return next season. On team Code Gibbons were Jinay Jain, Amani Kiruga and Leon Zhao. On team Coding Hens were Jan Ahmed, Sean OSullivan and Alex You. In the past, UD teams have excelled in the contest, advancing to finals multiple times in the 1990s. In 1996, the University team ranked seventh in the world. The last time a UD team competed in the international finals was 2007. This is the first year since 2016 that UD students have participated, said retired computer scientist David Saunders. A return next year with more practice and ambition to score even higher is very much in the cards, he said, adding that future teams will need a new faculty member to coach them toward victory. Kiruga is spearheading an effort to form a student organization dedicated to competitive programming. Interested students can contact Kiruga at akiruga@udel.edu.

To submit information for inclusion in For the Record, write to ocm@udel.edu and include For the Record in the subject line.

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For the Record, April 8, 2022 | UDaily - UDaily

Physiology

Yale Researchers Continue to Unravel the Mystery of Metformin – Yale School of Medicine

Yale researchers have further elucidated the mechanism of metformin, a widely used type 2 diabetes medication that, despite its long history of being safe and effective, works in a way that has remained elusive to scientists.

On March 1, Gerald Shulman, MD, PhD, George R. Cowgill Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology) and professor of cellular and molecular physiology, published his labs findings on how metformin works to suppress gluconeogenesis through inhibiting Complex IV activity. Now, a different study led by Yingqun Huang, MD, PhD, professor of obstetrics, gynecology & reproductive sciences, builds upon Shulmans findings and further illuminates how the drug works. Her team published its findings in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on March 28. Our research not only discovered a new mechanism of metformin, but also identified potential therapeutic molecular targets, says Huang.

Shulmans findings over recent years supporting an oxidation-reduction (redox)-dependent mechanism of metforminin which cytosolic redox is increasedintrigued Huangs lab. But while Shulmans lab has focused on how inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme Complex IV promotes an increased cytosolic redox state and inhibition of gluconeogenesis [glucose production from glycerol, lactate and amino acids], Huang is interested in how increased redox changes hepatocytes [liver cells] further downstreama mechanism researchers are now debating.

In 2020, Huangs lab published a paper in Nature Communications that found that the expression of a gene known as TET3 was increased in mice and humans with diabetes. In turn, the expression of a specific fetal isoform of the HNF4A gene was also increased. In healthy adult livers, the adult form of HNF4A is predominantly expressed. In patients with diabetes, however, the fetal isoform is chronically increased because TET3 is also chronically increased. This fetal isoform also increases gluconeogenesis by regulating key enzymes involved in the process.

In our published paper two years ago, we identified that the upregulation of TET3 and the HNF4A fetal isoform in humans and mice with diabetes contribute to unabated gluconeogenesis in the liver, says Da Li, professor at China Medical University and co-author on both studies. Now, through its latest work, Huangs lab has discovered that when metformin induces an increase in cellular redox, this in turn increases let-7, a small microRNA molecule. When let-7 increases, it binds to and downregulates TET3, suppressing the HNF4A fetal isoform and also gluconeogenesis mproving diabetes

In the livers of diabetes, let-7 is depressed, explains Di Xie, associate research scientist in Huangs lab and first author of the study. Metformin brings let-7 back to normal levels and inhibits gluconeogenesis.

Unabated glucose production from the liver is one of the key mechanisms of diabetes. Through better understanding how metformin works to suppress gluconeogenesis, Huang hopes her work will lead to more effective drugs with fewer side effects. The study also identified potential therapeutic targets including let-7. Scientists could potentially use a vector such as a mild virus known as adeno-associated virus, for example, to specifically deliver a let-7 mimic to the liver of patients with diabetes to enhance let-7 expression and treat the condition. Huang hopes to develop such a vector for delivering therapeutics like a let-7 mimic in future research.

Read more from the original source:
Yale Researchers Continue to Unravel the Mystery of Metformin - Yale School of Medicine

Physiology

State agencies, AAA offer first Advanced Drug-Impairment Assessment through physiology and toxicology course – The Mountain Press

TENNESSEE On March 7-8, the Tennessee Highway Safety Office partnered with the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, Middle Tennessee State Universitys Forensic Science Laboratory, and AAA to offer the very first, Advanced Drug-Impairment Assessment through Physiology and Toxicology (ADAPT) course in the country.

The ADAPT course is designed to further the knowledge of law enforcement Drug Recognition Experts (DREs) regarding the effects of legal and illegal substances on the human body and driver impairment after consumption. Those who complete the course become better equipped to serve as expert court witnesses by offering stronger testimonies during the prosecution of impaired drivers. Currently, the Tennessee Highway Safety Office has certified 270 law enforcement officers as DREs in Tennessee, while training approximately 40 new DREs each year.

The THSO is proud to offer this training to help reduce impaired driving across Tennessee roadways, said THSO Director Buddy Lewis. We appreciate the TBI, MTSU, and AAA for their partnership in educating officers to save lives and protect our communities.

The class of 94 students consisted of representatives from 16 municipal law enforcement agencies, six county agencies, and the Tennessee Highway Patrol. Presenters included the Tennessee District Attorneys General Conference, Tennessee Traffic Safety Resource Prosecutors, the TBI, and the THSO.

Course training modules featured Joe Abrusci, Eastern Region DRE Coordinator for the International Association of Chiefs of Police; MTSU Assistant Professor Dr. Kiel Ormerod; and several TBI toxicologists including Melinda Quinn and JaQueya Ogilvie.

Modules included the following topics: Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain, CNS Depressants, CNS Stimulants, Pharmacology and Effects of THC in Marijuana, Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs, Esoteric Drugs and Emerging Drug Trends, Oral Fluid Testing, and Working with DREs in Court.

Read more:
State agencies, AAA offer first Advanced Drug-Impairment Assessment through physiology and toxicology course - The Mountain Press

Physiology

How organisms have adapted to the passage of time and other unsolved questions about the many-faceted mystery of time – EurekAlert

image:13th Symposium Behind and Beyond the Brain" view more

Credit: BIAL Foundation

What are the biological signatures of time? In the session on The Biology of Time, on April 8th, experts on psychology of time, neurophysiology, circadian biology and neural coding will discuss how time influences biological architectures, perceptual encoding and prediction of physical relations and social cognition.

Under the theme The mystery of time, the 13th Symposium of the BIAL Foundation gathers some of the most prominent scientists and philosophers to engage in an interdisciplinary dialogue around the many aspects of time.

The second session, taking place on the morning of April 8th, is aimed at surveying the biology of time. Moderated by Miguel Castelo-Branco (Coimbra, PT), it features lectures by Julia Mossbridge (San Diego and Petaluma, USA), Michael Brecht (Berlin, DE), and Joseph S. Takahashi (Dallas, USA), who will examine how organisms have adapted to the passage of time: from biological clocks to the mechanisms of memory, from pre-sponding to circadian rhythms, the speakers will explore the many ways in which neural systems respond to time in the absence of specific receptors systems dedicated to perceive it.

Joseph S. Takahashi is a Japanese American neurobiologist and geneticist known for having discovered the genetic basis for the mammalian circadian clock in 1994 and also for having identified the Clock gene in 1997. In this session, Takahashi will focus on circadian clocks and their impact on metabolism, aging and longevity. His lecture will discuss recent discoveries on the neuronal network in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

In addition to controlling the timing of behavior and physiology, the clock gene network interacts directly with many other pathways in the cell. These include metabolism, immune function, cardiovascular function and cell growth to name a few. Regarding the current diet trend known as intermittent fasting, Takahashi says that with respect to metabolism, the timing of nutrient consumption is crucial, and we and others have shown that restricting the timing of feeding has many health benefits, being a critical factor for aging and longevity.

The morning will close with a keynote lecture by Wolf Singer (Frankfurt, DE), who will overview what sorts of mechanisms have evolved to make it possible for living things to be able to parse time. Among many other questions, the apparent paradox will be discussed that the perception of elapsed and remembered time is strongly dependent on context while the reproduction of temporally structured sequences can be extremely precise.

The Symposium Behind and Beyond the Brain will be held from April 6 to 9, 2022, at Casa do Mdico, Porto, Portugal. The event will be organised in a hybrid format involving both in-person and virtual participants to be accessible to a wider audience. Registrations are open and available here.

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How organisms have adapted to the passage of time and other unsolved questions about the many-faceted mystery of time - EurekAlert