Category Archives: Physiology

Physiology

Physiological responses of Atlantic cod to climate change indicate that coastal ecotypes may be better adapted to … – Nature.com

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Physiological responses of Atlantic cod to climate change indicate that coastal ecotypes may be better adapted to ... - Nature.com

Physiology

Parvalbumin interneuron mGlu5 receptors govern sex differences in prefrontal cortex physiology and binge drinking … – Nature.com

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Physiology

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Awarded Grants Totaling $1.5 million – Saint Louis University

Daniela Salvemini, Ph.D., William Beaumont Professor, chair of the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and director of the Institute of Translational Neuroscience, in collaboration with Stephanie Geisler M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of neurology at Washington University in St. Louis, have been awarded an ICTS/CTRFP grant award of $50,000. The grant Sphingolipidomics to identify small fiber neuropathy endotypes will examine whether sphingolipids can be used as biomarkers to identify subgroups of patients with small fiber neuropathy, which may lead to the development of personalized, targeted therapies. There currently are no effective treatments for small fiber neuropathy.

Andrew Butler, Ph.D., a professor of pharmacology and physiology, was awarded a two-year $416,625 grant by the National Institute of Aging titled "Methods for treating aging-related cognitive decline and reducing risk of AD/ADRD by enhancing the endogenous expression of adropin" (R21 AG087308). The investigators of this award recently reported community-dwelling adults with low levels of the secreted peptide adropin have increased risk of cognitive decline. Working with Andrew Nguyen, Ph.D., assistant professor of pharmacology and physiology, this funding will identify methods that induce long-term increases in the expression of the endogenous adropin protein. The long-term objective of this project is to determine whether three to six monthly injections of a long-acting drug are effective at preserving cognition in aging. Other members of the team include Susan Farr, Ph.D., professor of internal medicine; Geetika Aggarwal, Ph.D., staff research scientist; and Denise Smith, senior research assistant.

Butler was also awarded a two-year $416,625 grant by the National Institute of Aging titled "An investigation of the response of preclinical mouse models of dementia to adropin therapy" (R21 AG083451). Aging increases risk for cognitive decline due to neurodegenerative diseases, of which Alzheimers disease is most common. Working with Farr, the goals of this award are to test the efficacy of a small, soluble peptide in protecting the brain and cognitive functions in a mouse model of accelerated aging. The award will also determine whether loss of the peptide accelerates aging-related cognitive decline. This work will define the pathways through which this peptide preserves brain function in aging and could lead to a new therapy for treating Alzheimers disease. Other members of the team include Aggarwal and Aubin Moutal, Ph.D., assistant professor of pharmacology and physiology.

Gina Yosten, Ph.D., an associate professor of pharmacology and physiology, was awarded an 18-month $162,000 grant from the Foundation of Prader Willi Research titled Spatial Molecular Imaging of the Human PWS Hypothalamus (1243623). Working with Grant Kolar, Ph.D., professor of pathology and pharmacology and physiology, this funding will allow for the investigation of spatial molecular profiles of cells of the hypothalamus using tissues from donors with Prader Willi syndrome and matched control donors. The long-term objective of this study is to evaluate how spatially-driven interactions between the different cell types within the hypothalamus might contribute to the pathogenesis and symptomology of Prader Willi syndrome. Ms. Megan Pater, a graduate student in Pharmacology and Physiology, and an expert in spatial molecular imaging, will play an instrumental role in this study.

Yosten was also awarded a one-year $60,156 grant from the Foundation of Prader Willi Research titled Evaluate Ultrastructure of Hypothalamic Tissues from Mouse and Rat Models of PWS and Human PWS Donors (1314260). Working with Kolar, this project will investigate how deficiency of the MAGEL2 gene, which exhibits impaired expression in the setting of Prader Willi syndrome, impacts secretory granule structure and function. The long term objective of this study is to determine whether impairments in secretory granule trafficking underly the phenotypes associated with Prader Willi syndrome and other syndromes with MAGEL2 deficiency.

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Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Awarded Grants Totaling $1.5 million - Saint Louis University

Physiology

ESAFE – Postdoctoral Position in Molecular Plant Physiology job with MOHAMMED VI POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY … – Times Higher Education

Understanding the molecular mechanisms that control the mineral homeostasis/status of plants and their responses to major abiotic constraints.

About UM6P:

Mohammed VI Polytechnic University is an institution dedicated to research and innovation in Africa and aims to position itself among world-renowned universities in its fields The University is engaged in economic and human development and puts research and innovation at the forefront of African development. A mechanism that enables it to consolidate Moroccos frontline position in these fields, in a unique partnership-based approach and boosting skills training relevant for the future of Africa. Located in the municipality of Benguerir, in the very heart of the Green City, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University aspires to leave its mark nationally, continentally, and globally.

Job Summary:

The postdoc will conduct research, prepare proposals, write reports and scientific papers to address how plants react and adapt to water, salt, nutrient and metal stresses which alter the acquisition and usage of water and mineral nutrients (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, micronutrients) and which can affect crop productivity. The candidate will conduct research activities tacklingthe mechanisms that allow plants to perceive abiotic environmental constraints (such as water/ nutrient availability) and therefore modulate their development or their physiology (photosynthesis, root uptake, utilization, and storage of water/nutrients). The candidate will conduct research activities tackling all aspects related to crop production testing and developing solutions and best practices to improve agricultural productivity under marginal and arid conditions.

The candidate should have a PhD in Plant Biology, preferentially with a focus on bio-chemical methods and molecular biology. The ideal candidate should have a strong motivation and passion to science, a fundamental knowledge in plant molecular physiology/ cell biology. The candidate should have extensive laboratory experience with bio-chemical methods and plant molecular physiology/ cell biology. The ability to be independent as well as cooperate in a team, are required.

The application should contain:

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ESAFE - Postdoctoral Position in Molecular Plant Physiology job with MOHAMMED VI POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY ... - Times Higher Education

Physiology

Why psychology is as important as physiology for plastic surgery – The Times

Most of us have a hard enough time trying to understand how cosmetic surgery works so the question of why people do it can be even more baffling. Aesthetic tweakments are more popular than ever, but many question the necessity of them.

What isnt widely understood is that turning to the needle or knife is often less about vanity and more about identity.

In fact, the man credited with inventing cosmetic surgery did so with psychology in mind. The surgeon Sir Harold Gillies developed his methods of facial reconstruction during the First World War when dealing with soldiers life-changing injuries. He focused not only on repairing the functionality of the face but on the aesthetic details too, believing that the psychological impact of how they would look could be as affecting as the physical injuries. Ida Banek, a trained psychologist and the founder of Ouronyx, an aesthetic clinic in London that focuses on facial procedures, believes that understanding this link is a key component of treating clients.

As part of her consultation process, patients have to have a strong and deep conversation about their personality type, to clarify their objectives, how they see themselves and how they wish to see themselves. The vast majority, she says, have goals that are based on confidence and emotions, rather than looking different or younger.

Turning to aesthetic treatments or surgery can be a way to restore confidence, although the link between the procedure and the emotional result isnt always linear, says the psychotherapist Emma Reed Turrell. Confidence is less about appearance and more about self-consciousness, she says. We know that there is strong correlation between self-consciousness and unhappiness: its not so much about how we look, its how we feel about the way we look. Rather cruelly, though, negative feelings about our looks cant always be attributed only to low self-esteem they can be psychologically hard-wired.

Our brain leads us to see ourselves differently from how we see others, and analyses our own image in high-definition detail, says Rajiv Grover, a consultant plastic surgeon and former president of the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons. But our perception of others is similar to that of an impressionist artist [appreciating the form as a whole]. This means we look at ourselves with a more critical eye.

However, out of about 1,000 clients questioned at Ouronyx, 95 per cent in all but one age group said they wanted to look fresher and well rested. It was only among the under-30s that clients wanted to look more striking, feminine or masculine. They want to change their appearance rather than optimise it, Banek says, which is one of the reasons were very cautious with that particular group. Three quarters of those in their twenties have been turned away, she adds; what the clinic doesnt want to promote is a fast-beauty culture, which has the potential to encourage young people [to have] premature and possibly unnecessary cosmetic interventions.

Sadly not all clinics adhere to these principles, and regulation within the industry is weak. Im clearly biased, but I would love everyone to have access to a therapist or psychologist whenever they are making major decisions in life, such as cosmetic surgery, Reed Turrell says. Although, of course, its difficult to draw a line: would a millilitre or two of filler be considered a major life decision? It cant hurt to understand your motivations more clearly, she says, so you can feel grounded and confident, however you choose to move forwards.

Though its now widely accepted that the aesthetics route is one people should be able to take freely and safely, there is often the risk of someone altering their appearance beyond what would be considered natural-looking, or becoming addicted to procedures. Sometimes this is because of body dysmorphia, a diagnosable medical condition that requires treatment outside an aesthetic clinic. In other cases, Banek says, its simply human nature. We tend to forget the past relatively fast and focus on what we see in the mirror in the moment. You forget what the starting point was.

Before-and-after photos can help to remind patients of their journey, as well as to manage their expectations so they dont face disappointment or try something else. Ive worked with people who find themselves disillusioned and sometimes physically and financially damaged by procedures that could never fix the problem, Reed Turrell says, because it wasnt simply one of appearance, it was one of self-worth.

This is why industry leaders including Banek and Grover are passionate about making sure that patients seriously contemplate the risks and consider psychological guidance. In the meantime, Banek says, the best we can do is to ensure regulation becomes stronger. Education around the psychological reasons for and impact of aesthetic decisions, especially for younger people, is paramount.

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Why psychology is as important as physiology for plastic surgery - The Times

Physiology

Lecturer in Clinical Exercise Physiology (Teaching Level A/B) job with UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA | 372763 – Times Higher Education

About the Role

This position is primarily focussed on the delivery of teaching and associated administrative duties within the Academic Units undergraduate and/or postgraduate program and the facilitation of student learning in a clinical setting. It will work with guidance and direction from other academic staff and undertake duties with increasing autonomy as the staff member gains skills and experience.

The Lecturer in Clinical Exercise Physiology utilises contemporary professional/discipline-related knowledge in their teaching practice and carries out activities to develop scholarly expertise.

About UniSA

TheUniversity of South Australiais Australias University of Enterprise. Our culture of innovation is anchored around global and national links to academic, research and industry partners. Our graduates are the new urban professionals, global citizens at ease with the world and ready to create and respond to change. Our research is inventive and adventurous and we create new knowledge that is central to global economic and social prosperity.

TheUniSA Allied Health and Human Performance AcademicUnit offers a wide range of degrees and conducts research in the fields of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, podiatry, medical radiation sciences, medical sonography, speech pathology, clinical exercise physiology, exercise and nutrition, health sciences, public health, exercise and sport science, and human movement.

Our degrees meet the evolving needs of the health industry, with our graduates actively contributing to the future health workforce in areas such as medical imaging, rehabilitation and wellness, disability, health promotion, chronic disease, pain management, wellbeing and high-performance sport.

In addition to industry-linked careers, UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance research strengths continue to influence and positively contribute to the health industry and broader community. Our main areas of research include pain sciences, evidence translation, rehabilitation, high performance in sport, nutrition, genetic epidemiology and cancer. UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance is also home to UniSA research concentration: Innovation, Implementation & Clinical Translation in Health (iIMPACT) which focusing particularly on persistent pain and breathlessness, rural health and stroke recovery and UniSA research centre Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), which investigates the role of exercise, nutrition and other lifestyle activities in improving clinical and health outcomes.

Core Responsibilities

Essential Skills and Experience

Benefits

Getting a great job working with the best is just the start. UniSA rewards its staff with a wide variety of benefits such as:

Culture

As a University of Enterprise, we offer a dynamic and agile workplace culture, one that embraces challenges and thrives on breaking new ground. Our staff are creative and innovative thinkers, communicating with clarity, conviction and enthusiasm. We embrace diversity and inclusion in a vibrant, engaging environment. Our people are authentic, resilient, and influential, and we deliver results.

Start Your Unstoppable Career!

For a copy of the position description and to apply, please visitWorking at UniSA. The online application form will list the specific selection criteria that you need to address.

Please address your cover letter toEmma Kelvin, Consultant: Recruitment Central. For further information about the position or the recruitment process, please contact UniSA Recruitment Central on +61 8 8302 1700 or via email atrecruitment@unisa.edu.auusing job reference number6102.

Applications close: 11:30 pm Wednesday 29 May 2024

Applications welcomed from Australian or NZ citizens, Australian permanent residents and those who have the legal right to work in Australia for the term of appointment.

Pursuant to the Child Safety (Prohibited Persons) Act 2016 (the Act) and the Child Safety (Prohibited Persons) Regulations 2019 (the Regulations), this position has been deemed prescribed. This role will require the successful candidate to hold a current Working with Children Check.

CLICK HERE to access a copy of the Position DescriptionOpens in new window

How to apply:

Applications must be lodged online, please note UniSA does not accept applications via email.

UniSA is committed to developing a diverse workforce and a constructive enterprising culture in which everyone can thrive.

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Lecturer in Clinical Exercise Physiology (Teaching Level A/B) job with UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA | 372763 - Times Higher Education

Physiology

Andrew Nuss: Insect physiology lab – University of Nevada, Reno

Title

Insect physiology lab

Andrew B. Nuss

Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences

I am an associate professor of entomology and I have studied many different insects and other arthropods throughout my career. My current research interests are focused on the physiology of neurohormonal signaling in insects of agricultural, medical and veterinary importance. I am particularly interested in peptide hormones and their role in insect behavior, digestion, and nutrient storage. I primarily focus on physiological functions of peptide hormones, yet an applied aspect of this work includes insecticide discovery by targeting peptide receptors. Among many side projects, I am also interested in mosquito olfaction and how we might interfere with host seeking to disrupt pathogen transmission.

This project focuses on Lygus hesperus, the western tarnished plant bug, to explore the role of insulin-like-peptide (ILP) signaling in carbohydrate storage in the fat body, determine the roles of ILP signaling in reproduction, and reveal the dynamics of ILPs in regulating diapause. Students who join this project will get hands-on experience with molecular biology techniques as well as an introduction to the internal workings of insects.

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Andrew Nuss: Insect physiology lab - University of Nevada, Reno

Physiology

Study details five cutting-edge advances in biomedical engineering and their applications in medicine – EurekAlert

image:

Shankar Subramaniam is the lead author of the taskforce, distinguished professor in the Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering at the University of California San Diego.

Credit: University of California San Diego

Bridging precision engineering and precision medicine to create personalized physiology avatars. Pursuing on-demand tissue and organ engineering for human health. Revolutionizing neuroscience by using AI to engineer advanced brain interface systems. Engineering the immune system for health and wellness. Designing and engineering genomes for organism repurposing and genomic perturbations.

These are the five research areas where the field of biomedical engineering has the potential to achieve tremendous impact on the field of medicine, according to Grand Challenges at the Interface of Engineering and Medicine, a study published by a 50-person task force published in the latest issue of IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology. The paper is backed by the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

These grand challenges offer unique opportunities that can transform the practice of engineering and medicine, said Shankar Subramaniam, lead author of the taskforce, distinguished professor in the Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering at the University of California San Diego. Innovations in the form of multi-scale sensors and devices, creation of humanoid avatars and the development of exceptionally realistic predictive models driven by AI can radically change our lifestyles and response to pathologies. Institutions can revolutionize education in biomedical and engineering, training the greatest minds to engage in the most important problem of all times human health.

In addition to Subramaniam, the following faculty from the UC San Diego Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering were part of the task force: Stephanie Fraley, associate professor, Prashant Mali, professor, Berhard Palsson, Y.C. Fung Endowed Professor in Bioengineering and professor of pediatrics, and Kun Zhang, professor and a former department chair.

The study provides a roadmap to pursue transformative research work that, over the next decade, is expected to transform the practice of medicine. The advances would impact a wide range of conditions and diseases, from cancer, to diabetes, to transplants, to prosthetics.

The Five Grand Challenges Facing Biomedical Engineering

In an increasingly digital age, we have technologies that gather immense amounts of data on patients, which clinicians can add to or pull from. Making use of this data to develop accurate models of physiology, called avatars which take into account multimodal measurements and comorbidities, concomitant medications, potential risks and costs can bridge individual patient data to hyper-personalized care, diagnosis, risk prediction, and treatment. Advanced technologies, such as wearable sensors and digital twins, can provide the basis of a solution to this challenge.

Tissue engineering is entering a pivotal period in which developing tissues and organs on demand, either as permanent or temporary implants, is becoming a reality. To shepherd the growth of this modality, key advancements in stem cell engineering and manufacturing along with ancillary technologies such as gene editing are required. Other forms of stem cell tools, such as organ-on-a-chip technology, can soon be built using a patients own cells and can make personalized predictions and serve as avatars.

Using AI, we have the opportunity to analyze the various states of the brain through everyday situations and real-world functioning to noninvasively pinpoint pathological brain function. Creating technology that does this is a monumental task, but one that is increasingly possible. Brain prosthetics, which supplement, replace or augment functions, can relieve the disease burden caused neurological conditions. Additionally, AI modeling of brain anatomy, physiology, and behavior, along with the synthesis of neural organoids, can unravel the complexities of the brain and bring us closer to understanding and treating these diseases.

With a heightened understanding of the fundamental science governing the immune system, we can strategically make use of the immune system to redesign human cells as therapeutic and medically invaluable technologies. The application of immunotherapy in cancer treatment provides evidence of the integration of engineering principles with innovations in vaccines, genome, epigenome and protein engineering, along with advancements in nanomedicine technology, functional genomics and synthetic transcriptional control.

Despite the rapid advances in genomics in the past few decades, there are obstacles remaining in our ability to engineer genomic DNA. Understanding the design principles of the human genome and its activity can help us create solutions to many different diseases that involve engineering new functionality into human cells, effectively leveraging the epigenome and transcriptome, and building new cell-based therapeutics. Beyond that, there are still major hurdles in gene delivery methods for in vivo gene engineering, in which we see biomedical engineering being a component to the solution to this problem.

We are living in unprecedented times where the collision of engineering and medicine is creating entirely novel strategies for human health. The outcome of our task force, with the emergence of the major research and training opportunities is likely to reverberate in both worlds--engineering and medicine--for decades to come said Michael Miller, Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University, who served as a senior author on the manuscript.

IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology

Meta-analysis

Not applicable

Grand Challenges at the Interface of Engineering and Medicine

23-Feb-2024

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Study details five cutting-edge advances in biomedical engineering and their applications in medicine - EurekAlert

Physiology

Contextualizing Cellular Physiology – 2024 – NIDDK – National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

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Contextualizing Cellular Physiology - 2024 - NIDDK - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)