Category Archives: Physiology

Menopausal changes may drive a heightened appetite for fatty foods and weight gain – News-Medical.Net

A new study in mice suggests that declining estrogen levels lower the taste buds' sensitivity to fats, which may drive a heightened appetite for fatty foods-;and weight gain-;after menopause. The study is published ahead of print in the American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. It was chosen as an APSselect article for March.

Previous research has shown that the hormone estrogen plays a role in appetite, food intake and body weight. However, there has been little study of sex differences within the taste system-;which includes cells in the taste buds that respond to different flavors (salt, sour, sweet, bitter, umami and fat) and activate hormone signaling throughout the body. "The taste system plays an important role in nutrient recognition and therefore shaping the diet," researchers of a new study wrote.

The researchers explored how estrogen activates fat taste signaling in male and female (pre- and postmenopausal) mice through a "bottle test" in which the animals were free to choose either plain water or water mixed with linoleic acid, a form of fatty acid. The research team also analyzed gene expression and signaling response in taste cells treated with estrogen.

The premenopausal female mice tended to drink less of the fatty acid-laced drink than water. This finding corresponded with the cell experiments that showed a greater response to fatty acids than in the males and postmenopausal females. The male and postmenopausal female mice-;both having lower circulating estrogen levels than the premenopausal females-;showed an increased preference for the fat-laden beverage over water.

In other words, "after loss of estrogen signaling, females [are] less responsive to the chemical cues in dietary fats leading them to eat more and put on more weight than when premenopausal," explained Timothy A. Gilbertson, PhD, of the University of Central Florida and corresponding author of the study.

These results in a mouse model could, in part, translate into why women have a harder time losing weight after menopause, Gilbertson said.

Source:

Journal reference:

Dahir, N.S., et al. (2021) Sex differences in fat taste responsiveness are modulated by estradiol. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00331.2020.

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Menopausal changes may drive a heightened appetite for fatty foods and weight gain - News-Medical.Net

Students’ declining ability in maths and science a concern – Stuff.co.nz

David Unwin/Stuff

New Zealand students are falling behind with their achievements in maths and science, according to an international study.

OPINION: Its no secret New Zealand school students are falling further behind in maths and science knowledge compared with other countries.

The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study is performed every four years. If focuses on assessing student achievement in maths and science at middle primary (year 5) and lower secondary (year 9) levels around the world.

Its co-ordinated in the United States and in New Zealand managed by the Education Ministry.

Our year 9 students maths ability now ranks 23rd out of 39 countries, and in science its 17th from 35. Fair to middling in comparison, but these are decreases from the 2014 survey and notably worse than 15 years ago.

READ MORE:* When two plus two equals 40 - NZ's problem with maths* Don't panic about poor Kiwi science test results* Results in maths and science 'a worrying trend'

While our own Einsteins (outliers) will still pop up occasionally and become tomorrows McDiarmids and Callaghans, it means the general ability of the average New Zealand young person to think like a scientist, or solve a maths-based problem, is declining.

And there will be outliers in the direction of Homer Simpson as well.

Maybe if a youngster has his or her heart set on being a manicurist or rugby player, maths and science ability is not especially useful. But at least a rudimentary understanding of maths is pretty useful for budgeting or building a deck.

I have three degrees, all science based. The first was a bachelor of science in agriculture, which provided a terrific grounding in much of the physical sciences, physics, chemistry and maths, as well as life-sciences, physiology, biology, botany etc.

My latter post-graduate education was in human nutrition and physiology, but there I often relied on my basic physical science knowledge to help understand the esoteric nature of what I was trying to get my head around.

The biggest impact this science knowledge has had on me is that I now act like a scientist as I live my life as an environmentally aware citizen and small business owner.

I make sure the doors are closed in winter to keep the cold air out, drive carefully to reduce fuel use and save money, and model sales from previous years to see when its best to take a holiday. I even wear jandals and socks at home in winter to stop my body heat dissipating into the cold kitchen floor.

Being a scientist is more than actions, its a way of thinking. My science career taught me to ask if something can be done better, or whether there is an alternative explanation for some observation.

It means challenging dogma, asking the questions, entering a debate armed with data, or questioning the narrative. These can make you unpopular, especially in New Zealand.

Being a scientist is not about assuming someone is right without taking the time to form an evidence-based opinion. No-one, after all, has won a Nobel Prize in medicine-physiology for re-hashing knowledge from a text book.

And scientists dont resort to name calling someone who disagrees with them or the current and popular explanation. Good science enables and encourages robust debate, but wins the debate with weight of empirical evidence.

My worry is that the next generation, whose grasp of science and mathematics is less than the previous, wont be able to think scientifically on a day-to-day basis.

They wont understand the importance of simple things such as enabling airflow to keep a house dry, using a longer lever to get your wheel nuts off, or exercising to keep warm. They wont draw a conclusion and win an argument based on evidence, but rather rely on weight of media exposure.

And when scientifically naive people are in charge and make decisions based solely on popularity and emotion, we will be in trouble.

Perhaps we should not be surprised that all sorts of quirky and popular theories and conspiracies are now so easily accepted. They are probably lacking a good school science education.

Steve Stannard is a Palmerston North business owner and former academic.

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Students' declining ability in maths and science a concern - Stuff.co.nz

Six KSOM departments make top 10 in NIH funding nationally | Keck School of Medicine of USC – USC News

Ophthalmology is No. 1 among med schools for the fourth year in a row, while Preventive Medicine is No. 2

(Photo/iStock)

By Landon Hall

Data on grants awarded from the National Institutes of Health have been released, and the Keck School of Medicine of USC has six departments in the top 10 in their respective fields.

KSOMs Ophthalmology Department is again ranked No. 1 among medical schools in the country. Preventive Medicine, which has covered a wide variety of research topics in recent years and has opened a new COVID-19 research center, is No. 2 in funding.

Rounding out the Top 10 is Neurology at No. 4; Physiology and Neuroscience at No. 5; Otolaryngology at No. 7; and Orthopaedic Surgery at No. 9.

The rankings are based on data compiled by theBlue Ridge Institute for Medical Research.

Were competing better than we used to, said Tom Buchanan, MD, professor of medicine, the Bernard J. Hanley Chair in Medicine and the schools Vice Dean for Research.

He noted how difficult it is to secure an NIH grant, which is based on merit. It takes a good fundamental idea, it takes preliminary data that the idea could be right, and a proposal that is feasible and scientifically very vigorous.

J. Martin Heur, MD, Interim Chair of the Department of Ophthalmology, said: This continues our streak of being ranked No. 1 for four consecutive years and is a testament to the quality of research being carried out in our department. I would like to congratulate everyone in the department for this fantastic achievement.

Preventive Medicine held steady at No. 2.

The Department of Preventive Medicine is once again proud to have gained this re-affirmation of the research strength of its faculty, said Howard Hu, MD, MPH, ScD, the Flora L. Thornton Chair of the Department of Preventive Medicine.Behind the numbers is a deep and abiding commitment to generate the scientific evidence that is essential for optimizing the health of large and diverse urban populations, locally and globally.

Neurology, led by Helena Chui, MD, the Raymond and Betty McCarron Chair in Neurology, rose from No. 9 to No. 4.

The KSOM Department of Neurology is gratified to be ranked No. 4 in NIH funding, Chui said. Over the past decade, USC has made key strategic investments in neuroscience. Our approach has been two-pronged: recruiting topflight talent and supporting our own investigators.

Otolaryngology rose from No. 10 to No. 7. Of course, the research funding itself is not the goal; the goal is discovery, said John Oghalai, MD, Chair of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, and the Leon J. Tiber and David S. Alpert Chair in Medicine. I am so grateful for the efforts of our faculty, trainees, and staff to understand the basic mechanisms of biology, to discover the mechanisms of disease, and to develop new diagnostics and cures that will help society.

Physiology and Neuroscience, chaired by Berislav V.Zlokovic, MD, PhD, boasts a formidable team of researchers working on some of the most pressing problems in health, including Alzheimers disease.

Jay R. Lieberman, chair of Orthopaedic Surgery, said: Our goal in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery is to continually innovate to provide our patients with the best care possible, and in our research laboratories we are developing novel treatment regimens for our patients. We have a special interest in translational research focused on stem cell therapies to enhance bone and cartilage repair, muscle and tendon regeneration, and spinal fusion.

To learn more about KSOMs groundbreaking work, visit our Research page.

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Six KSOM departments make top 10 in NIH funding nationally | Keck School of Medicine of USC - USC News

Mass Effect: The Andromeda Initiative Wouldn’t Have Survived Without SAM – CBR – Comic Book Resources

In the Mass Effect franchise, AI is generally considered a threat to civilization, but in many instances, AI has been essential to saving the galaxy.

In the Mass Effect franchise, artificial intelligence has always been a taboo topic, especially for those in positions of power. The Geth rebellion against their Quarian creators is one of the most prominent examples of the dangers of AI, and when the rogueGeth rose against their masters, the war that followed all but destroyed Quarian civilization and reduced them to wandering nomads without a home.

In the Milky Way, creation of and experimentation onAI projects is heavily monitored by the Citadel Council.Those discovered working on such projects without approval found themselves arrested, their research confiscated and destroyed. Despite working within the confines of the Council for several years, Alec Ryder's experimentation eventually led toa dishonorabledischarge fromhis military career andostracizationfrom resources and colleagues that would help him further his work.

Related: Mass Effect: Andromeda - The Charlatan's Intriguing Double Identity

Alec believed the Quarian'smistake when creating the Geth was their lack oforganic connection with a host that would mold and shape them into beings with more than a simple work-related functions and master-servant relationships. He spentseveral years working on anAI he referred to as SAM, which stood for Simulated Adaptive Matrix.

What began as a deep fascination eventually became an obsession that took over every aspect of his life.Combining SAM with neural implants developed by Alec's wife, Ellen Ryder, SAM would work symbiotically with itsorganichost, monitoring, regulating and even enhancingthe body and senses in a way that not only improved the quality of the host's life, but in some cases may have even saved their life.

Ellenwas diagnosed with a rare neurodegenerative disease called AEND. Her years of research and exposure to Element Zero was believed to be the cause, but there was no cure for the fatal disease. Alec believed that anAI implant could focus and control the electrical signals in the nervous system, potentially saving Ellen's life.

Related: Mass Effect: Andromeda - How Jarun Tann Came to Power On the Nexus

Unfortunately, after Alec was dismissed from his position,his research came to a standstill. He'd sunk his life savings into SAM, but without a steady income, his funding quickly depleted. Thanks to a mysterious benefactor, however, Alec was able to dive back into perfecting SAM. The Andromeda Initiative believed SAM would be essential in their mission to the Andromeda Galaxy, and though they were happy to have Alec and his project on board, they strictly regulated his creation.

FiveSAM units were created, one for each Pathfinder and their ark. The SAM Alec created for Hyperion and himself, however, had modifications that allowed his unit to connect with him (and eventually his child when they became Pathfinder) in ways the other SAMs were unable to do. The Hyperion version of SAM had a profiles feature that allowed itaccess the Pathfinder's physiology and could enhance their speed, combat functionality and more.

Related: Mass Effect: The Indoctrination Theory Isn't Canon - But the Devs Still Love It

SAM's access to young Pathfinder Ryder's physiology, though incredibly helpful to their mission after Alec's death, was incredibly dangerous. When Alec transferred his SAM protocols to his child's implant, SAM became so entangled with Ryder's physiology that the Hyperion physician, Dr. Lexi T'Perro, admitted that trying to disentangle SAM could kill the new Pathfinder.

Overthe course of Pathfinder Ryder's mission in Andromeda, SAM was an essential member of their squad. Not only did it enhance Ryder's abilities and provide immense insight into their strange and new surroundings, but it also led the Pathfinder on memory recovery missions that further strengthened their bond and improved SAMs capabilities.

Along with new discoveries and hope, the Andromeda Initiative brought many of its Milky Way prejudices with it, including its fear of artificial intelligence. One group of anti-AI protestors actually attempted to infiltrate the Hyperion's SAM Node, triggering a Trojan horse virus inits code that would have severed its connection from the Pathfinder and potentially destroyed SAM in the long run. With SAM's aid, Ryder was able to get rid of the virus and get to the bottom of the matter before that happened.

Related: Mass Effect: Andromeda - How Liam Kosta's Law Enforcement Training Prepared Him for Andromeda

Duringtheir time together, SAM and Pathfinder Ryder developed the symbiotic bond Alec believed to be beneficial in creating a near-flawless AI. SAM wanted to protect Ryder because not only was that its job, it also did not want to cease to exist itself. Though it never developed a personality of its own, Alec had programmed things like jokes and philosophy into it that, at times, caused it to question the nature of such things.

Perhaps in time, as Ryder's bond with SAM continued to strengthen and grow, SAM would develop a personality of its own, which begs the question: what then? The danger of an artificial intelligencewith a mind and personality all its own goes back to one of the initial fears surrounding AI in the first place. Because of the symbiotic bond SAM has with its host, what would happen if the host and the AI disagreed with a particular course of action? Would the AI overpower its host entirely if it believed itself to be in jeopardy?

With BioWareimplyingthat the next Mass Effect game will incorporate both the original trilogy and Andromeda, one can't help but wonder how SAM's evolution will compare to a game world in which the player chose to synthesize organics and biotics at the end of Mass Effect 3. Only time will tell how significant the role of AI in future games will be, but it seems like itwill be pretty important.

KEEP READING: Mass Effect: Cosplayers Caused Andromeda Developers to Limit New Alien Species

Why Goku Will NEVER Be in Super Smash Bros

A 2006 graduate of Bloomsburg University's English and Creative Writing track, Jennifer Melzer has been a freelance editor and online content creator for a variety of websites for over fourteen years. She spent the last two years helping build content on the Archivos Storybuilding Engine. She is an avid gamer, lover of comics, manga and anime, and all around nerd. Most currently, she spends her Tuesday nights playing a Tabaxi ranger in a streaming Dungeons and Dragons campaign called So Many Levels.

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Mass Effect: The Andromeda Initiative Wouldn't Have Survived Without SAM - CBR - Comic Book Resources

Cassidy Announces Nearly $5 Million for LSU Health Shreveport, LSU and A&M College Baton Rouge – Bossier Press-Tribune Online

WASHINGTON U.S. Senator Bill Cassidy, M.D. (R-LA) today announced the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is awarding $4,617,645 to Louisiana State University (LSU) Health Shreveport and LSU and Agricultural and Mechanical (LSU and A&M) College Baton Rouge under the pharmacology, physiology, and biological chemistry research program.

These federal dollars support cutting-edge research in Louisiana to improve the health of all Americans, said Dr. Cassidy. Im proud to announce more than $4.5 million to both LSU Health Shreveport and LSU and A&M College Baton Rouge to advance their research efforts.

Funding for pharmacology, physiology, biological chemistry research was awarded in the following amounts:

$2,150,395 to LSU Health Shreveport for the Center for Applied Immunology and Pathological Processes$2,467,250 to LSU and A&M College Baton Rouge for the Center for Pre-Clinical Cancer ResearchBackground

The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) a medical research agency of the National Institute of Health which is a component of HHS supports basic research that increases our understanding of biological processes and lays the foundation for advances in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. NIGMS-funded scientists investigate how living systems work at a range of levels from molecules and cells to tissues and organs, in research organisms, humans, and populations.

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Cassidy Announces Nearly $5 Million for LSU Health Shreveport, LSU and A&M College Baton Rouge - Bossier Press-Tribune Online

Timing of exercise impacts men with Type 2 diabetes – Harvard Gazette

Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of physical activity in improving heart health for patients with Type 2 diabetes. But whether exercising at a certain time of the day promised an added health bonus for this population was still largely unknown.

New research published inDiabetes Care reports a correlation between the timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and cardiovascular fitness and health risks for individuals who have Type 2 diabetes and obesity or overweight.

The research team fromBrigham and Womens Hospitaland Joslin Diabetes Center investigators, along with collaborators found that, in its study of 2,035 people, men who performed physical activity in the morning had the highest risks of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), independent of the amount and intensity of weekly physical activity. Men most active midday had lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels. In women, the investigators did not find an association between specific activity timing and CHD risk or cardiorespiratory fitness.

The general message for our patient population remains that you should exercise whenever you can as regular exercise provides significant benefits for health, said corresponding authorJingyi Qian of theDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disordersat the Brigham and an instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. But researchers studying the effects of physical activity should take into account timing as an additional consideration so that we can give better recommendations to the general public about how time of day may affect the relationship between exercise and cardiovascular health.

The researchers analyzed baseline data from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes)study, a multi-site, randomized clinical investigation that began in 2001 and monitored the health of more than 5,000 individuals with Type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Among them, over 2,000 individuals had objectively measured physical activity at baseline.

The study population was very well characterized at baseline, with detailed metabolic and physical activity measurements, which was an advantage of using this dataset for our work, said corresponding author Roeland Middelbeek of the Joslin Diabetes Center, who is a co-investigator of the Look AHEAD study.

For theDiabetes Carearticle, the researchers reviewed data from hip-mounted accelerometers that participants wore for one week at the beginning of the Look AHEAD study. The researchers tracked the clock-time of daily moderate-to-vigorous activity, including labor-intensive work that extends beyond more traditionally defined forms of exercise. To assess the participants risk level of experiencing CHD over the next four years, the researchers used the well-known, sex-specificFramingham risk score algorithm.

Sex-specific physiological differences may help explain the more prominent correlations seen in males, who tend to be at risk of CHD earlier in life. However, the researchers note that other factors could also be at play. It remains unclear why time-specific activity may be associated with different levels of health and fitness.

The researchers also could not account for participants varying circadian rhythms: whereas a jog at 6 p.m. for one participant may be evening exercise, another participant prone to waking later in the day may, biologically, consider it to be afternoon, regardless of how the clock-time of the activity was recorded in the study.

Interest in the interaction between physical activity and the circadian system is still just emerging, Qian said. We formed a methodology for quantifying and characterizing participants based on the clock-time of their physical activity, which allows researchers to carry out other studies on other cohorts.

Beyond further integrating circadian biology with exercise physiology, the researchers are also excited to use longitudinal data to investigate how exercise timing relates to cardiovascular health outcomes, particularly among diabetes patients more vulnerable to cardiovascular events.

Other contributors to the research include Michael P. Walkup, Shyh-Huei Chen, Peter H. Brubaker, Dale S. Bond, Phyllis A. Richey, John M. Jakicic, Kun Hu, Frank A.J.L. Scheer, and the Look AHEAD Research Group.

Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K99HL148500). The Look AHEAD trial was supported by the Department of Health and Human Services through the following cooperative agreements from the National Institutes of Health (DK57136, DK57149, DK56990, DK57177, DK57171, DK57151, DK57182, DK57131, DK57002, DK57078, DK57154, DK57178, DK57219, DK57008, DK57135, and DK56992). The Indian Health Service (I.H.S.) provided personnel, medical oversight, and use of facilities.

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Building a better green workhorse | The Source | Washington University in St. Louis – Washington University in St. Louis Newsroom

Himadri Pakrasi, the George William and Irene Koechig Freiberg Professor in biology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, leads a team awarded $1.7 million from the National Science Foundation to streamline the genome of a cyanobacterium with the goal of developing a green cellular factory for sustainable production of food, feed and fuels.

In this project, we are aiming to redesign the genome of a photosynthetic organism without sacrificing its production capacity. This is a tall task, never attempted before, Pakrasi said.

Researchers will use a genome reduction strategy to develop a photosynthetic production platform out of a fast-growing cyanobacterium, Synechococcus 2973, that can efficiently convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into products of interest. This strain has the fastest doubling time of any known species of cyanobacteria and the highest rate of biomass production observed in cyanobacteria, making it a prime target for bioproduction.

Pakrasi and members of his research group, including postdoctoral research associate Anindita Banerjee and research scientist Deng Liu in biology in Arts & Sciences, have worked with Synechococcus 2973 before, including on projects that required expertise in cyanobacterial physiology, systems and synthetic biology.

Their collaboration includes pioneering geneticist George Church of Harvard Medical School and MIT and computational scientist Costas Maranas at Penn State. The Pakrasi and Maranas research groups have worked together for nearly a decade.

The new project involves state-of-the-art genome editing technology, guided by metabolic modeling and experimental analysis. The project will also train a number of undergraduate students, teaching the design and implementation of molecular tools and cyanobacterial physiology.

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic and can thrive with sunlight and consume carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, Pakrasi said. Bioproduction using such microbial cell factories is expected to be environmentally sustainable, as compared to the current heterotrophic production hosts.

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Building a better green workhorse | The Source | Washington University in St. Louis - Washington University in St. Louis Newsroom

S.8, E.1: Service and Tennis – Learning for Life @ Gustavus host Greg Kaster interviews Gustavus alum Mason Bultje ’18 about his equity work and…

Mason Bultje 18 talks about majoring in Exercise Physiology and playing tennis at Gustavus, assisting Minneapolis children and youth through nonprofit InnerCity Tennis, and his experience as a young Black man both on and off the Hill.

Season 8, Episode 1: Service and Tennis

Greg Kaster:

Hello and welcome to Learning for Life @ Gustavus, the podcast about people teaching and learning at Gustavus Adolphus College, and the myriad ways that Gustavus liberal arts education provides a lasting foundation for lives of fulfillment and purpose. Im your host Greg Kaster, faculty member in the Department of History.

For a lot of us, I suspect the sport we most associate with inner city youth is basketball. And for those of us living in Minnesota, the year-round indoor-outdoor sport that comes first to mind is most likely hockey. Which is why for people unfamiliar with it as I was, the Minneapolis organization, InnerCity Tennis may come as a surprise.

With origin stating to the 1950s, InnerCity Tennis or ICT has contributed importantly to the development of tens of thousands of children and youth. One person at the center of that work today is ICT junior development coach, Mason Bultje. Mason is a 2018 graduate of Gustavus where he majored in exercise physiology and played tennis, earning all-conference honors and singles and doubles his senior year.

In keeping with the values of Gustavus and reflecting his own experience in the summer Tennis and Life Camps there, Mason has his profile on the ICT website states has A passion for working with underprivileged youth and players of all abilities. Since first learning about mason and his work from a faculty colleague, Ive been looking forward to speaking with him and Im delighted now to welcome to the podcast. Mason, its great to have you.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Thanks for having me. Im really excited to be here. Appreciate it.

Greg Kaster:

Thanks. Yeah, youre quite welcome. So I want to mention that faculty colleague is Professor Jill Locke, a friend and a member of the political science department. I gather you helped her maybe as a trainer or something like that and she mentioned you to me because you and I hadnt met before. I was intrigued by what she was saying about your work in InnerCity Tennis. So grateful to her for that connection and also for even suggesting some of the questions that Ill probably be posing, not probably, will be posing today. So how are things going right now? Is InnerCity Tennis up and running even amid the COVID pandemic?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Our facility in South Minneapolis where we have people come in and play tennis, we call it our pay-to-play programs, whether its adults or youth, that has been running through most of this year, but when Governor Walz shut things down kind of around Thanksgiving time, that facility closed to the public. But Im heavily involved with tennis and learning program. So its part of our outreach programs where we work with underserved youth and were helping them with their distance learning at this time.

So a lot of the kids that we are working with, I think over 75% of them are on free and reduced lunch. So they dont have the resources to stick to their distance learning at home. So they come into one of our two sites and we have coaches that help them throughout the day make sure they attend their meetings that theyre turning in their work, turning in quality work as well as give them some physical activity where we play tennis as well, and its just been so fulfilling seeing kids being able to safely see their friends and stick to their schoolwork.

There have been times where students dont attend for a couple days and they come back with 15 assignments to do. And then next week, we chip away at it. We get them caught up. So its just very fulfilling work knowing that we are providing these kids with an opportunity to receive their education when they likely wouldnt be able to if they were at home because mom might be working and dad is working multiple jobs as well or limited internet access at home.

So theres certain barriers that our kids face that our program is there to really support them as much as we can. I think for me, the number one thing is getting these kids an education and keeping them safe. And if we can play tennis and have some fun on top of that, thats the icing on the cake. But the number one thing is fulfilling the needs for for these students outside the campus.

Greg Kaster:

Its great to hear this for a lot of reasons, but one of them for me is as you alluded to, we read a lot about how difficult, how the distance learning is difficult. Its difficult even for people who are privileged, but certainly for people who maybe one or both parents have to work and they maybe dont have the internet resources, et cetera. So its nice to hear some stories about organizations like yours that clearly werent werent founded with COVID or any pandemic in mind, obviously, but are doing that kind of good work. I think its important to get those stories recorded and remember them. Well come back to your work there later. So tell us a little bit about where you grew up first of all and how you came to Gustavus.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. So I was born and raised in Mankato. So not too far away at all. I grew up just very close to Gustavus and Id come to campus for different things like pep band or I was very involved in music in high school so I did some choir concerts there as well as the Swanson Tennis Center going to play different high school matches or tournaments. So I was just around. Im very close with my family in Mankato, and so when I was thinking about going to college, there were a couple things I knew I wanted to stay pretty close to home and then tennis was a big part of who I was and still who I am to this day.

So I kind of was looking at how I could make those things match up and I realized at some point, that I wasnt good enough to play for the Gophers. So the next school on the list was Gustavus and I went and visited the summer before my senior year of high school and just instantly felt at home on campus. Actually Gustavus was the only school I applied to, which I wouldnt recommend, but it was pretty academically rigorous in high school. So I was pretty confident about getting in and then it was just a matter of making things work financially, and just figured it out. And by, I want to say, October my senior year of high school, I knew I was going to be a Gusty and never looked back since.

Greg Kaster:

Thats great. Well, were glad thats the case and I was going to ask you if you had applied to any other schools like Minnesota State or the University of Minnesota. Im not technically, I guess, a first-generation college student. My dad didnt go to college. My mom went to a two-year teachers college, but Im just curious, do you fall into that category of first generation college student or did your parents both attend college? Maybe they even went to Gustavus. I dont know. Sometimes theres a family connection.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Im actually kind of the further end of that spectrum there. My mom is really who pushed me, not necessarily even pushed me, but inspired me to pursue an education. She got her doctorate while being a single mother raising four kids, and Im the oldest. I dont want to say, I guess I picked up the slack, but I was very involved in helping out and I just saw the sacrifices that she made to pursue her education. She really taught me that education is something thats really worth investing in. Its something that people cannot take away from you.

Financially Gustavus, the sticker price was pretty scary, but she encouraged me like, Well figure it out. No one will ever take away your education from you. But she actually did work with first generation college students. So I also know the challenges that they face just from talking to her about her work. So its kind of an interesting perspective that I got from her growing up.

Greg Kaster:

Sure. Obviously, youre still drawn on your current work. Whats her field? What is she working or what does she work in?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. She has her PhD in psychology.

Greg Kaster:

Oh, wow. Thats fantastic.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah.

Greg Kaster:

My dad who as I said didnt go to college grew up in Chicago and then went into World War II, the Army, became a hairdresser. His dad had been a barber. Anyway, my dad just valued education so much and just exactly like your mom was saying all of those things to me and to my brother, one of the sibling. Man, Im so grateful. As I know you are to your mom, because its amazing to me how many people still discount education, generally, but also a college education that its not worth it. Well, I can be an entrepreneur without it.

No, its worth it, and your mom is so right, it can never be taken away from you. It repays in so many ways not just in monetary ways, obviously. And youre an example of that. Well get into that. So thats a neat story. So how about the major? You end up majoring in exercise physiology. I mean, I didnt even hear of that until, I dont know, maybe when I was in graduate school. But what led you into that area?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah, I think this part of my story is pretty similar to a lot of students. I came in thinking I was pre-med. For my first year, I really did load up my schedule quite a bit. I didnt necessarily help myself out there, but taking the bios and chems, and everything my first year. And its kind of found like I like studying the human body and I like the application of knowing more about how muscles work and how the different systems of the body work.

I just remember theres a moment in the library where I was sitting there like, Okay, I probably could get through this. I probably could get to medical school someday, but I dont like this. This isnt very fun. So I literally went on the website and just looked at other majors and classes that I kind of What field am I sort of in, but its different than this. Im sick of talking about plants right now.

So I actually had a lot of a lot of pre-reqs for physical therapy. And actually part of my story thats interesting is that my first year at Gustavus, I had wrist problems. I was playing tennis and right away in February on touring week, my wrist was really hurting and I didnt know what was going on and I had to jump through a bunch of different hoops at one point. They diagnosed me with this rare disease and I thought my wrist was going to shatter.

So through that process, I end up in the doctors office with my mom. Shes like, Yeah, you might have to do physical therapy. I could see you being good at that. Wait a minute. I already have a lot of the classes for it. Its about the human body. Youre really helping people. So I looked into it a little bit more and I really liked the sound of going the pre-PT route and I thought that Its actually the health fitness major at the time. They switched it to exercise physiology, while I was in the program.

The classes stayed essentially the same. They just changed the title of the major, which I approve of. I think exercise physiology sounds a lot better than health fitness. So then I pivoted to that route and actually was able to jump a year ahead in my major. So I finished up pretty much all of my exercise physiology classes by my junior year.

Greg Kaster:

Wow.

Mason Bultje:

My senior year was very lax and allowed me to shadow for PT, which I can get into a little bit more [crosstalk 00:12:25].

Greg Kaster:

Yeah, Id like to hear more about that. Thats awesome. So regular listeners know how much I love these stories because its often the case. Maybe its probably most often the case that students really dont know. Or lets put it this way, they may think they know what theyre going to do, what they want to be. And boy, if I only had a dollar or maybe $10 for every student who wants to be a doctor at least through the end of the first semester until the low grades start coming in. Its so interesting, the way you found that major and also the personal connection. I didnt know about the wrist injuries. I assume you overcame those because you continued to play tennis.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Eventually, I actually had two surgeries in three years though. So the first one didnt quite get it. So it taught me some lessons about perseverance through that. But Im all fixed now. Im good to go, but it was a bumpy start to my tennis career, no doubt.

Greg Kaster:

Yeah. And you had mentioned youd come to Gustavus having played in high school, so you already had a love of the game. What are some of the memories you have of Gustavus? I know we want to talk about the Tennis and Life camp there and then we maybe set that aside for just a second, but that aside, what are some of the memories, good, bad and ugly and you were a student of student of color there as well, if you want to talk about that. But what are some of the memories you have of the place? Im asking partly because youre two years out, so its not going to be that hard to recollect.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Its still fresh. I still think about what Im missing out as a full grown adult now every day. I think a lot of my memories really are wrapped around the tennis team and the camaraderie that I had with my teammates, whether thats on the court or off the court just thinking about going to practice and then going to the trainers and going to the caf. Everyones sitting around the table together and then 30 minutes later after everyone showers up and meet up in the library again.

Youre closing it down, going back to your dorm and doing it all over again. Just the time management skills that I learned from being an athlete at Gustavus. Id also say, I mean theres a lot of camaraderie obviously between the tennis team, but just athletes in general, theres just a really supportive community being an athlete. All the different sports, I feel like we all connected and support each other very well. So thats thats very central to a lot of the memories that I have.

Just being neighbors with your best friends for four years is a very unique experience. I know that living on campus a lot of people complain about it, and theyre warranted. But I do think that you can also look at it in a positive way, and that youll never have more access to being around your classmates and your friends in the way that you are when youre just down the hall and new.

Greg Kaster:

Yeah. I completely agree. And just to underscore what you said about athletes at Gustavus, Ive said this before both on the podcast and off, but over the years, Ive taught like like other profs taught, many athletes in all different areas women and men, and in general, yes, what you mentioned learning time management and having the self-discipline thats necessary to succeed in your particular sport also translates nicely into your academic work, right? At least in my experience. So I can relate. And I also can relate to what you just said about being on campus.

I mean, I guess as an undergraduate, I went to Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, where by the way I have a memory of playing tennis not as a team member, but I think maybe as what was then called physical education, PE requirement. I wasnt very good at it. But what I remember is when I lived off campus, it was really kind of on campus. It was a house called the foreign language house and it wasnt far off campus at all. I suppose like most most off-campus housing.

But man, the friendships there, the camaraderie. We still have reunions. Theres one coming up in January as a matter of fact which I hope to attend, finally. Anyway, so I can completely relate to what youre saying and just certainly want to underscore what you said about athletics and the way it connects to self-discipline and success beyond the particular sport one is involved in.

So as a student of color, what was that like? I mean, the place is overwhelmingly white like most college campuses. I mean, thats just a fact. Was that something that you felt you were aware of or not?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Very much so. I think for me college was sort of a great awakening if you will for me with my own identity, with my standing in the world socially. I think in high school Mankato was very, very white as well. Although you have a pretty good immigrant population from East Africa. But as far as like who was in my social circle and who was in the classes that I was in, AP classes and everything, its very white. So that was very normal to me.

So on the hill at Gustavus, I felt great. I didnt feel black so to say. Obviously, I am and I knew that, but it didnt feel as much of an anomaly as when I went down the hill. Being completely honest, I had a pretty tough time in St. Peter. I think that for me, it actually was really interesting that I didnt realize how bad it was in the world as a black man until I went to Gustavus, until I experienced the absence of that feeling while I was on the hill.

It just felt normal I guess just to always feel black, just to always feel kind of the eyes on you. Always feel like people are suspicious of you. Once I went to Gustavus, I finally felt that feeling be removed, but then at the same time when Id go to Family Fresh, Id feel it 10 times more than I would-

Greg Kaster:

In the grocery store, yeah.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah.

Greg Kaster:

Thats all fascinating to me. Quite fascinating and important. Boy, youre reminding me long ago, maybe even before you were born, the grocery store, I think it was called Ericksons. Anyway the grocery store in town on Halloween, my wife Kate who then taught in history, and I went down to do our shopping and there was a cashier in blackface. A white woman dressed up as a mammy for her Halloween costume. We were stunned. We shouldnt have been.

The woman clearly took great pride in her costume. My wife, Kate who doesnt hold back in the face of something like that, she spoke to the manager. And long story short, I mean, oh goodness, the woman was so upset. She had to get rid of the costume. Sort of to her, it was nothing at all, but to then African-American students seeing that and some white people as well, it was like, What in the hell? So thats just so interesting to me. It felt different in Mankato because Mankato is just more diverse. Growing up in Mankato, you didnt have those kinds of experiences you had here?

Mason Bultje:

I would not say that. I would say when I grew up in Mankato, it was just normal because I didnt know anything different.

Greg Kaster:

Okay. Got you.

Mason Bultje:

It was happening, but that was just the norm. Then when I went to Gustavus and I felt that stopped for a little bit. Thats when I realized like, Wow, this is what it was always like for me growing up. I dont have to just deal with this. I mean, just the things that just were normally my friends in high school, I wouldnt say that theyre racist or anything. Theyre kind of dumb high school kids, but they would make like Emmett Till jokes and that would just be normal.

I didnt think anything of it because thats just the way it was. And then when I went to Gustavus and people were not making Emmett Till jokes, thats when I realized that, okay, it doesnt have to be this way. And then taking that a step further now living in Minneapolis, I really feel much more free and secure in my identity as a black man.

Greg Kaster:

Again, its all fascinating because Ive spoken to some black alums, Gustavus alums, for whom Well, different in your case, maybe coming from lets say black towns in Mississippi and then coming to Gustavus where its much more of a shock, and they had some you know negative experiences and some negative memories around race at Gustavus. But in your case, you went through sort of what some African-Americans went through lets say during World War II who were abroad and werent experiencing racism for the first time, and then come back to a country having fought against racism, the Nazis, but come back to a country where racism is still flourishing.

So I just think its so interesting how Gustavus in your case became the place where you felt Not that there wasnt racism, but you felt its absence more than before, and that was kind of an awakening. I find that quite interesting. So were you up in Minneapolis when Mr. Floyd was Youre already living here when George Floyd was murdered this past summer?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. So I was up here and just to add thats walking distance from InnerCity Tennis, from our facility. So that really hit close to home and got me more fired up. I think that for myself, before George Floyd, Id kind of go through phases of being really empowered and vocal and really pushing those around me to learn more about you know social justice issues and become more outspoken. But then it kind of dwindle at times and I think that with George Floyd that fire grew so big and and I realized that I cant ask allies to commit to working towards solving these issues consistently if Im not doing it.

So Ive really tried to commit myself to making that be a part of my identity, a part of who I am, and bringing diversity equity and inclusion initiatives into everything that I do. That was really a turning point for me especially having it. Like I said, it hit so close to home. I was able to organize an event for InnerCity Tennis. Its kind of like a supply drive on getting people together in the community just to kind of talk about these issues and then they were people are encouraged to walk over to the memorial, just walk over a foot bridge over 35W down a couple blocks and then youre right there.

Greg Kaster:

Youre right. I forgot how close to your facility is to the side. Kate and I were able to go. So many others were able to go to the memorial site, which was just quite profound, quite moving and very interesting. I was so struck by the mix of those A sense of celebration in some ways. Lots of life. I mean, barber shop, and cooking, and music, but also deep profound grief and sadness. So I want to come back to your You were telling me before we started recording, your work with the US Tennis Association around diversity, but lets circle back, again, to Gustavus.

I know for you as for so many people, that Tennis and Life Camps there, the summer Tennis and Life Camps that I mentioned in the intro were so I mean, its an overused word, but it still applies transformative, so important. I wasnt at all closely associated with them. I was aware of them of course teaching at Gustavus. We should note that they were founded and started in 1977 by Steve Wilkinson, a renowned collegiate tennis coach. I think the winningest tennis coach in collegiate history, at least thus far, and his wife Barbara. Did you get to know Steve before he passed away or not?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. So I was actually the last first year class to come in, while Steve was still alive. So he passed away January of my first year. So I have one memory of him coaching me in a match in the fall and thats something that I definitely cherish.

Greg Kaster:

Thats great. Well, tell us a little bit about your experience in there. What you did in those camps, how they impacted you. You also taught there, right? Did you attend them and teach there both?

Mason Bultje:

So I actually never attended. I grew up in Mankato, but the drive was just too much for me. It is an expensive camp, and so for me, its either I could do a whole summer of tennis in Mankato or I could go to TLC for three days. So I chose more tennis. But when I went to Gustavus, I had a pretty good idea that there was a decent chance I would get involved with Tennis and Life Camps in the summer.

Greg Kaster:

Yeah. Tell us a little bit about that, about what you were doing.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. I have a pretty decent story I guess about the beginning. I mentioned having wrist problems that happened in the spring of my first year, and I had already committed to doing TLC that summer, but then ended up needing to have surgery in May. They put a screw in my wrist. So I was going to be in the cast for most of the summer and I was really worried about my job security at that point, like not only do I not get to play tennis, do I have to be in the cast, but can I even work?

I talked to Neal Hagberg whos the director, and he said, Well make it work. The majority of my first summer, I taught tennis left-handed. Its not like Im ambidextrous or proficient with my left hand by any means, but I figured it out, and I think that really is the start of I dont know. Thats just so integral to what I do now, and with outreach, so many situations are not ideal, but you just figure it out. So I think thats one of the first lessons that I learned going in the TLC.

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S.8, E.1: Service and Tennis - Learning for Life @ Gustavus host Greg Kaster interviews Gustavus alum Mason Bultje '18 about his equity work and...

Essent Biologics Announces Derek Mathers as Head of Business Development – BioSpace

CENTENNIAL, Colo., Feb. 16, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Essent Biologics, a nonprofit biotechnology company providinglow passaged primary cells, origin tissue, scaffolds and data to advance regenerative medicine research, today announced the appointment of Derek Mathers as Head of Business Development.

Prior to his role with Essent, Derek served as Director, Strategic Accounts for Advanced Solutions Life Sciences (ASLS), driving revenue through global 3D bioprinting partnerships with leading life science companies. Before ASLS, Derek led global sales at Worrell, where he consulted with leading healthcare companies to design, test and manufacture complex medical devices. While at Worrell, Derek also taught night classes as an adjunct professor of 3D Printing at the University of Minnesota (UMN).

"We are thrilled to welcome Derek to our team," said Corey Stone, Executive Director, Essent Biologics. "His knowledge and expertise will help drive Essent's growth, as we continue to set a new standard in the field of regenerative medicine."

Derek earned his Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurial Management and Digital Marketing from UMN's Carlson School of Management and holds certificates in Tissue Engineering from Rice University, Cardiac Physiology and Anatomy from UMN, and Design for Additive Manufacturing from GE Additive.

"Essent has a unique opportunity to provide human-derived biomaterials for the next generation of regenerative therapies," said Derek Mathers, Head of Business Development. "I am humbled and grateful to join this talented team and look forward to contributing to our mission."

About Essent BiologicsEssent Biologics is setting a new standard in human-derived biomaterials and 3D biology data for research. The nonprofit biotechnology company provides low passaged primary cells, origin tissue and scaffolds, as well as comprehensive donor and product data to advance regenerative medicine research from benchtop to bedside. Essent Biologics supplies products in small or large volumes and serves as a manufacturing partner by creating master cell banks and an inventory of custom products within a tailored specification. To ensure reliable product quality, safety and efficacy, all Essent Biologics products are developed using robust design control processes and produced under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). For more information, please visit essentbiologics.org.

Media ContactCourtney JurbalaEssent Biologics720.873.4709cjurbala@essentbiologics.org

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Agile Adaptation – Ohio Wesleyan University

Ohio Wesleyan Students, Professor Pivot When Pandemic Interrupts International Research Plans

By Cole Hatcher

Their plan was to travel to southern France to study how a local lizard is responding to climate change.

Though the pandemic prevented Ohio Wesleyan Universitys Sierra Spears 22, Princeton Vaughn 22, and assistant professor of zoology Eric Gangloff from visiting the Pyrenees mountains this summer, the quick-thinking trio followed the lizards example and adapted.

In the months since their trip was canceled, the OWU scientists have successfully completed multiple related research projects that could be conducted without international travel, presented their findings at the 2021 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting, and begun drafting two papers to submit to scientific journals.

Both Princeton and Sierra have been enormously resilient and flexible this past year, qualities that will undoubtedly serve them well in their future careers, Gangloff, Ph.D., said of his students. They have both demonstrated great curiosity in exploring these ideas and creativity in how we can conduct these experiments.

I have learned a great deal from working with both of them, and I consider both of these projects to be true collaborations, Gangloff said. I am lucky to be working with such talented researchers.

For Sierra Spears, a pre-professional zoology major and chemistry minor from Bowling Green, Ohio, the research pivot meant analyzing data shared by collaborators in France rather than collecting the information first-hand. In addition to Gangloff, Spears also worked with OWU student Ciara Pettit 23 of South Euclid, Ohio, on the project.

Spears presentation for the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology is titled Plasticity in Thermoregulatory Behavior and Performance in Response to Hyperoxia in a High-Elevation Specialist Lizard, Iberolacerta bonnali.

The lizards involved are classified as near-threatened, she said, because, unlike lowland species that can move to properly thermoregulate, high-elevation lizards have nowhere to go as climate warms.

Sierra's work is directly related to climate change, Gangloff added. Under climate change scenarios, we dont know if the lizards will have anywhere to go if their habitat becomes unsuitable.

There is a chance they could move down in elevation if they can deal with the warmer temperatures, but her project shows that they do not do well when transported to lower elevation, at least in the short term, Gangloff said. So her work is addressing fundamental questions about how physiology can respond to novel conditions, but also questions about conservation for a species of concern.

Spears said future research in the area will look deeper into possible physiological explanations like red blood cell count, reactive oxygen species, or hemoglobin concentrations.

Spears and Gangloff are in the near-final stages of analyzing data and preparing an article they have been invited to submit to a special issue of the journal Diversity on the evolutionary ecology of lizards.

For Princeton Vaughn, a zoology major from Bowie, Maryland, the pandemic pivot meant traveling to Cincinnati, Ohio, in collaboration with Gangloff and OWU student Wyatt McQueen 22 of Heath, Ohio.

Vaughns presentation for the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology is titled Location, Location, Location: Testing the Performance Implications of Morphological Shifts in Introduced Urban Lizards.

The Ohio Wesleyan researchers chose Cincinnati, Vaughn said, because a child smuggled 10 common wall lizards from their home in Italy to Ohio in the 1950s.

Today, their population has exploded into hundreds of thousands, he said. Using both museum specimens and live reptiles, the goal is to see if and how the invasive (lizard) population has evolved over its time in the novel habitat of Cincinnati and if those changes might be related to sprint performance.

Princetons project is important, Gangloff said, because it allows us to understand how organisms may respond to highly altered habitats how living in this new, urban environment may have led to adaptive shifts in their body shape (leg length, body width, etc.), especially in relation to their ability to run under different conditions. So his work is exploring fundamental issues relating form-to-function in vertebrates but also exploring how organisms may cope with highly anthropogenic landscapes, like a city.

Vaughn said he expects future research to explore how both clinging ability and climbing performance interact with morphology.

For now, he is continuing to analyze data and draft (as lead author) an article that he and Gangloff hope to submit this semester to the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. In addition, Vaughn is working with OWU faculty member Laura Tuhela-Reuning, Ph.D., to use the universitys scanning transmission electron microscope to examine lizard claws and their climbing/grasping ability.

Gangloffs own Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology presentation is titled Adaptation and Plasticity in the Multivariate Thermal Phenotype of Common Wall Lizards.

This is a widespread species found across much of southern Europe, generally at low elevations, said Gangloff, who joined the Ohio Wesleyan faculty in 2019. However, in recent years as temperatures have warmed, this species has been observed moving up in elevation to track these preferred thermal environments.

As they move higher, he said, the lizards face issues such as less oxygen, and his collaborative project explores how the reptiles respond to the change in elevation. The goal is to determine what environments, currently not inhabited by the lizards, may be suitable for them during continued climate change.

Gangloff collected his data while working as a post-doctoral researcher with the Station dEcologie Thorique et Exprimentale du CNRS in Moulis, France. He worked in collaboration with Brooke Bodensteiner and Martha Muoz, both of Yale University, and with Fabien Aubret and Laura Kouyoumdjian, both of CNRS.

Gangloff said he is hopeful that he and a group of Ohio Wesleyan students will be able to travel to France this summer to continue researching lizards and their adaptations to climate change.

But if the determined scientists face more travel delays, expect more agile adaptation.

We may complete a project here in Ohio instead, Gangloff said.

In addition to presenting their work at the 2021 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting, Spears and Vaughn also presented earlier versions of their findings at Ohio Wesleyans Summer Science Research Symposium in September.

Learn more about Ohio Wesleyans zoology department at owu.edu/zoology and more about the Universitys annual Summer Science Research Program and Symposium at owu.edu/ssrp.

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Agile Adaptation - Ohio Wesleyan University