Category Archives: Physiology

Physiology

Mind-body connections: Authors with Fairfield ties explore ways to keep balance for wellness – The Gazette

On the eve of its release, a book project that began five years ago in Fairfield has become especially timely in light of the pandemic and its inherent stressors.

Its a guide for getting mind and body in sync to boost the immune system and facilitate healing through diet, exercise and meditation. Its not a cure-all, but it does offer ways of coping, which the authors said can be applied during these uncertain times that take a toll on physical and mental well-being.

They discuss practical applications for reducing anxiety, depression, anger, PTSD, blood pressure, stress and insomnia, weight loss and tobacco use.

Dont let the title scare you. In a recent Gazette Zoom interview, authors Jay Marcus and Robert Keith Wallace of Fairfield and Dr. Christopher Clark of Santa Rosa, Calif., said readers dont need to be experts to glean useful information from The Coherence Effect: Tapping Into the Laws of Nature that Govern Health, Happiness, and Higher Brain Functioning.

Its due out in paperback Wednesday at Coherenceeffect.com, but a Kindle version is available now on Amazon.com

It has a lot of practical advice in it thats very easy to understand, said Wallace, 75, chair of the department of physiology and health at Fairfields Maharishi International University. Hes also founding president of the school, then known as Maharishi University of Management.

It does have some nice scientific explanations in it, written for the layman, he said. Its not written for a scientist. I write journal articles and theyre very different. Its much harder to write for everybody than it is for scientists, at least, for me.

So what is the Coherence Effect? On the books website, the authors explain:

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Coherence heals. The coherence effect is the healing effect of creating order in the mind and body. All diseases are disorders, and the antidote is to create order in the disordered part of the body or in the body as a whole. That is what modern medicine seeks to do with its pharmaceuticals.

But pharmaceuticals often just treat the symptoms and not the underlying disorder. If we want lasting health, we need to apply the coherence principle of creating order to what keeps us healthy on a daily basis to our diet, exercise, and rest and relaxation or meditation practices.

The book lays out sort of an introduction for people to start to take part in participating in their own health, said Clark, 70, who lived in Fairfield from 1982 to 2002, raised his family there, and served as psychiatric medical director at the Ottumwa Regional Health Center. He joined the book project three years ago.

Just as one size does not fit all in clothing, neither does one diet, one exercise plan or one discipline fit all people, so the book explores various paths readers can use to find what works for them.

It includes a quiz to help determine their body type and what foods are best suited to that type and disposition. For instance, Marcus, 78, a lawyer and lecturer who has taught meditation for 45 years, noted that a person with a medium build and a fiery temper should avoid hot, spicy foods that would inflame the situation.

And alcohol is not so good for that person, he added. Its like pouring kerosene on the fire.

The authors practice Transcendental Meditation and have explored other meditation methods, as well. They also look for the ways to combine medicine with ancient traditions.

I think that well-being is really a main theme now, and that people are able to participate in their own well-being and for prevention, Clark said. And so I think the technique of meditation is most profound because that sort of resets through deep, deep rest and achievement of brainwave coherence, which really has effects throughout the whole physiology, through the hormonal system, through normalizing sleep and to balancing blood pressure. The key is just the personalized and participatory nature of these recommendations.

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The book doesnt teach Transcendental Meditation, since thats done on an in-person, one-on-one basis, Marcus said.

But it doesnt have to be a solitary experience. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, meditation in a virtual group setting can give people a sense of connection to a community, Clark noted.

Isolation is contributing to a lot of the mental health problems people are having, he said. And certainly, you can Zoom a meditation. Keith and Jay and I were all on a Zoom meditation last week.

And its funny, you know, were all connecting right now (for the Zoom interview) and were in different locations, but there is a sense of togetherness and communication, and that actually helps, Clark said. And that helps people. And even in Zooming a meditation, eyes closed, there is the connectedness.

What: The Coherence Effect: Tapping Into the Laws of Nature that Govern Health, Happiness, and Higher Brain Functioning

Authors: Dr. Robert Keith Wallace and Jay Marcus of Fairfield, Dr. Christopher Clark of Santa Rosa, Calif.

Publisher: Armin Lear Press, 334 pages

Where: Coherenceeffect.com/ and Amazon.com

Details: Coherenceeffect.com/

Comments: (319) 368-8508; diana.nollen@thegazette.com

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Mind-body connections: Authors with Fairfield ties explore ways to keep balance for wellness - The Gazette

Physiology

JBS Haldane: the man who knew almost everything – New Statesman

JBS Haldane Jack to his family and friends was once described as the last man who might know all there was to be known. His reputation was built on his work in genetics, but his expertise was extraordinarily wide-ranging. As an undergraduate at Oxford, he studied mathematics and classics. He never gained any kind of degree in science, but he could explain the latest work in physics, chemistry, biology and a host of other disciplines. He could recite great swathes of poetry in English, French, German, Latin and Ancient Greek. A big man (another description of him is a large woolly rhinoceros of uncertain temper), he was unafraid to take anyone on in a fight and, equally, could drink anyone under the table.

In his lifetime (he died in 1964 at the age of 72), Haldane was very well known because of his journalism, his appearances on the radio, his bestselling books of popular science and his promotion of communism. Today, what most people know about him is often confined to the probably apocryphal story that, when asked what his studies of nature had taught him about the Creator, he replied that He has an inordinate fondness for beetles.

Samanth Subramanians energetic account of Haldanes life, politics and science might just revive interest in this extraordinary man. It has, though, a significant rival. Ronald Clarks The Life and Work of JBS Haldane, published in 1984, is still in print. The two books are very different and provide a fascinating contrast in biographical styles. Clarks workmanlike book is conventionally structured, strictly adhering to chronology in a way that seems a little unambitious and dull, but is also reassuring and satisfying. You know where you are with a biography that begins: John Burdon Sanderson Haldane was born on 5 November 1892.

Subramanians book has a rather more cryptic opening, the point of which seems to be to set up what he evidently believes is the defining conflict of Haldanes life: his commitment to scientific rigour and objectivity on the one hand, and his loyalty to Soviet communism on the other. For about ten pages, Haldane disappears altogether as Subramanian provides us with an account of the meeting of the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1948 at which its president, Trofim Lysenko, gave an ideologically driven speech that turned the meeting into an inquisition, and allowed the science of genetics in the Soviet Union to be guided by Stalinism rather than by truth. A few months after Lysenkos purge, the BBC broadcast a discussion featuring Haldane, who disappointed his family, friends and fellow scientists by being equivocal rather than robustly denouncing Lysenko.

The affair, writes Subramanian, is an oddly perfect way to understand Haldane. A man stepped outside his character, and in so doing, revealed that character to us. We peer through this keyhole, and we see all of Haldane. If this were true, it would indeed be the perfect way to begin this book. Sadly, it is not. But luckily, Subramanian is too good a writer and too good a biographer to allow himself to be trapped in the straitjacket of this introductory chapter.

Where Subramanian improves on Clark is in conveying Haldanes enthusiasm for science, tracing it back to his relationship with his father John Scott Haldane, a physiologist who carried out many important investigations into the respiratory disorders suffered by a variety of people, including slum dwellers, miners, fishermen and sewer workers. From him, Jack acquired not only a relish for empirical investigations especially for experimenting on oneself but also a respect for, and sympathy with, the working class.

The Haldanes were a distinguished family, with notable scientists, writers and statesmen among its members. Jacks uncle was Richard Burdon Haldane, who became the first Viscount Haldane in 1911 and who lived in the grand Cloan House in Perthshire, where Jack and his family would frequently stay. However, though he had the bearing and accent of a member of the British upper classes, from an early age Jack considered himself in rebellion against the establishment.

Subramanians novelistic style works well in depicting the relationship between Jack and his father and the sometimes perilous experiments they performed together. In 1906, they travelled on the HMS Spanker off the west coast of Scotland, investigating a condition known as the bends which often afflicted divers if they were brought up to the surface too quickly. Haldane Seniors task was to work out the optimal speed at which divers should rise to minimise the chance of decompression sickness. To do this, he made detailed observations on the dives made by his assistants, one of whom was his 13-year-old son. Jack avoided the bends, but because his suit was too loose it filled with water, and by the time he was back on deck, he was shivering with cold and fear. His father, Subramanian says, dosed Jack with whisky and put him to bed.

Subramanian is also good on Jacks precocity as a child, some details of which seem quite literally incredible. Before he was five, Subramanian tells us, Jack was reading aloud the newspaper reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. A year before that, according to family legend, Jack looked intently at the blood trickling out of a cut on his forehead and asked: Is it oxyhaemoglobin or carbohaemoglobin?

****

Jacks introduction to the science of genetics came at the age of eight, when his father took him to the Oxford University Junior Scientific Club, where the biologist Arthur Darbishire was giving a lecture on Mendels laws of inheritance. (Here, Subramanian inserts a long account of Mendels theories: the books narrative structure suffers from his tendency to introduce ideas too early, allude to things he hasnt yet described, and repeat himself.) At the Oxford Preparatory School, then widely known as Lynams after its headmaster, Jack excelled across the whole range of subjects, and at the age of 13 he entered Eton as its top-ranked Kings Scholar. Haldane emphasised many times later in life how much he hated Eton. It was too snobbish, there was too much religion and patriotism and not enough science, and, for the first few years at least, until he grew strong enough to protect himself, he was bullied.

Nevertheless, in his last year he seems to have fitted in rather well. He was Captain of the School, Captain of the Boats, winner of several prizes and the boy chosen to deliver the students address to George V when the king visited the school. He also won a scholarship to read mathematics at New College, Oxford.

Subramanian seems strangely uninterested in Haldanes time as an undergraduate and devotes less than two pages to it. Far more about this period in his life can be learned from Clarks book. After his first year, Haldane gained a First in maths. He also became a published co-author, having contributed some mathematical analysis to a paper he and his father wrote for the Journal of Physiology. He was much happier at Oxford than at Eton and made several good friends, including Aldous Huxley and Dick Mitchison, who was to marry Jacks younger sister, Naomi. (She went on to publish more than 90 books, including works of historical fiction and fantasy, and became as well known as her celebrated brother.)

For his second year, Haldane switched from mathematics to Greats. This might seem an odd thing to do, but, as Clark says, the companionship of the classics was to be a solace in an otherwise aesthetically bleak life. It also taught him to write clearly, comprehensibly and with an economy that was to serve him well. The plan was to switch to physiology after Greats, but when, on 4 August 1914, Haldane learned he had graduated with a First, the news was, as he later put it, somewhat overshadowed by other events.

Haldane, who had been an enthusiastic member of the Officers Training Corps at Oxford, volunteered for the army as soon as war was declared, asking to serve with the Scottish regiment, the Black Watch. His wish was granted and, after four months of training, he was posted to France as a lieutenant with the regiments First Battalion. He was made the battalions trench mortar officer, leading small groups of men to throw hand-bombs into enemy trenches. Though it was dangerous and frightening, he had never been happier. He had always enjoyed explosions, and now he discovered that he found coming under fire and attacking others thrilling. I was well aware, he later wrote, that I might die in these flat, featureless fields, and that a huge waste of human values was going on there. Nevertheless, I found the experience enjoyable. He was popular with the men and with his superior officers. General Haig, no less, described him as the bravest and dirtiest officer in my army.

[see also:Hermione Lee on how to write a life]

From the Western Front, Haldane kept up a correspondence with Naomi about experiments they were conducting together on the genetics of mice. The result was a jointly authored paper that appeared in the Journal of Genetics, making him, he boasted, the only officer to complete a scientific paper from a forward position of the Black Watch.

After being injured by artillery fire, Haldane was sent back to Scotland, where he set up a Bombing School to teach Black Watch soldiers how to use grenades. In the autumn of 1916, he was sent to Mesopotamia. There he was wounded by a British bomb, keeping him out of active service for the rest of the war. He spent the last two years of it in India, where he was sent to recuperate. By the time he returned home, he had acquired a deep and abiding love of the country, its people and its culture.

Before the end of the war, Haldane had been offered a fellowship at New College, Oxford, which he took up in 1919. There he lectured on physiology, which he had never formally studied himself. Four years later he moved to Trinity College, Cambridge, as reader in biochemistry. In that position he published important work on enzymes, but his research became increasingly focused on using mathematics to address problems in theoretical genetics. The results of this research are contained in a series of ten papers, Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection, which he published between 1924 and 1934 and which many scientists regard as his most important work. It was in these papers that he provided his solution to the problem of how to incorporate Mendelian genetics into Darwins theory of evolution.

Gregor Mendel, now recognised as the founder of the science of genetics, died in 1884 in relative obscurity. Only in the 20th century was the importance of his investigations of the rules of heredity acknowledged. In 1886, he published the results of his painstaking observations on the inherited characteristics of pea plants of various heights, pod shapes, seed colours, etc. He discovered that if you cross breed, say, a yellow pea plant with a green one, then the resulting plants will all be yellow. However, in the next generation, there will be a mixture of three yellow plants to every green one. This gave rise to the theory of recessive and dominant traits, familiar now to every school student of biology. The problem Haldane tackled was how to incorporate this theory into Darwins theory of natural selection. What he provided was a piece of mathematics that modelled Mendels laws of heredity and the Darwinian notion of the survival of the fittest. The biologist Julian Huxley (brother of Aldous and friend of Haldane) named this solution the modern synthesis.

****

During this period, Haldane began his career as a populariser of science. His slim book, Daedalus, or Science and the Future, was published in 1924 and was a huge success, going through five impressions in its first year. Among its most enthusiastic readers was a young married woman called Charlotte Burghes, who was writing a novel set in a world in which the human race would be able to choose the sex of its children. She wanted to meet Haldane to discuss whether the science in her novel was plausible. Receiving no reply to a letter she sent, she went straight to Trinity to interview him. Within a year, she divorced her husband and married Haldane.

So began a new era in Haldanes life in which politics played an increasingly important part. His and Charlottes home became a meeting place for liberal and socialist students and staff, and, encouraged by Charlotte, Haldane became increasingly left wing. In 1928, they visited the Soviet Union, where Haldane became friends with Nikolai Vavilov, later one of Lysenkos victims. On his return, Haldane spoke with great warmth about the USSR, though he did not join the Communist Party until 1942.

In 1933, Haldane moved from Cambridge to University College London to become its professor of genetics (later professor of biometry). In the same year, Hitler became chancellor of Germany. I began to realise, Haldane later wrote, that even if professors leave politics alone, politics wont leave professors alone. As the 1930s wore on, he was pushed further into politics and yet further to the left. During the Spanish Civil War, he advised the republicans on precautions against gas attack and visited the front as an observer, seeing for himself the devastating effects of air raids. In 1937, he became the science correspondent of the Daily Worker. Between then and 1950 he contributed nearly 350 articles, mixing scientific popularisation with propaganda.

Subramanian is evidently very interested in Haldanes politics, but he does not quite succeed in making sense of them. Perhaps no sense can be made of them. Perhaps it will forever remain a mystery why someone as intelligent and critical as Haldane would declare allegiance to the Soviet Union and the Communist Party, even after the purges, the show trials, the non-aggression pact with the Nazis, the attacks on scientists and the repression of freedom. We should, however, bear in mind that he was only a member of the party for eight years. He was not, as is often said, an apologist for Lysenko. On the contrary, the Lysenko affair clearly shook him. Largely because of it, he distanced himself from communism after 1948 and left the party altogether in 1950.

He remained fiercely left wing, however, and in 1956 he announced publicly that, together with his second wife Helen, he was leaving Britain for India because of the Suez Crisis. This was not the real reason. Neither was it true, as he said later, that he was settling in India in order to be free of the tyranny of wearing socks (60 years in socks is enough). He was drawn to India because of its socialism, its culture and its climate. He died there in 1964 of a cancer that he immortalised in a poem entitled Cancers a Funny Thing which Subramanian reproduces in full, beginning: I wish I had the voice of Homer/To sing of rectal carcinoma. For all its faults, Subramanians biography does allow Haldanes booming voice to be heard, and, for all Haldanes faults, it remains a voice worth listening to.

A Dominant Character: The Radical Science and Restless Politics of JBS Haldane Samanth SubramanianAtlantic, 400pp, 20

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JBS Haldane: the man who knew almost everything - New Statesman

Physiology

The Link Between Muscle Fiber Types and Your Bodys Response to Training – runnersworld.com

More mileage during training results in faster finish times, right? Recent research suggests that might be true for some runnersbut not for everyone.

In a study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology, researchers recruited 24 highly trained, middle-distance runners and had them complete three weeks of their normal (which was prescribed by their individual coaches), followed by three weeks at an increased training volumea 10-, 20-, and 30- percent increase each successive week. Then, they did a one-week taper at a 55 percent reduction in training volume from their highest level.

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Before and immediately after each training period, running performance was assessed, as well as physiological responses, like resting metabolic rate (the total number of calories burned when your body is completely at rest) and muscle fiber composition.

Researchers found that half the runners decreased their overall running time because they gained speed, but the rest did noteven though they reported increased fatigue levels.

We challenged the idea that all runners adapt to increased mileage positively, and found that an increase in weekly mileage resulted in very individual responses, Philip Bellinger, Ph.D., the studys lead author and a lecturer in exercise science at Griffith University in Australia, told Runners World. Some runners increased their performance directly after the increase in training volume, while others had a substantial decrease.

Some of the runners had improved performance after the taper period, he added, while others only returned to their baseline level.

These findings show that not all runners respond the same way to a given training program, and what works for one runner may not work as effectively for another, he said.

Since there were no major differences in the runners resting metabolic rate or blood biomarkers (such as blood pressure or heart rate), the researchers believe their responses could come down to muscle fiber types. The runners who had performance increases tended to have a higher proportion of type I fibers (also called slow-twitch fibers), which are the kind used most for endurance, rather than fast-twitch fibers that switch on with short energy bursts. Basically, you use type I for a longer-distance run and type II for sprinting.

Bellinger said having more type I fibers made the runners better able to tolerate an increase in training volume (as opposed to having more type II fibers), leading to better performance adaptation.

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If you lack robust type I fibers, does that mean increasing your mileage is a wash? Not necessarily, according to Bellinger. He admits that few runners would be eager to get muscle biopsies, but theres a simpler way to determine if your mileage is working: Track your results.

Runners should communicate with their coach and monitor their own training very closely, he said. Look at training volume, duration, and intensity, and take note of responses to training, such as heart rate and perceived exertion.

Most of all, dont be hard on yourself if people in your running group are seeing major results from increased mileage and youre not. As the study suggests, you may need a different training program, not a different mindset.

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The Link Between Muscle Fiber Types and Your Bodys Response to Training - runnersworld.com

Physiology

Huub hits 1million in crowdfunding campaign – Cycling Weekly

The initial 250k target was smashed in less than a week.

Derby-based UK multisport brand Huub launched its Crowdcube crowdfunding campaign to raise a minimum of 250,000 in order to accelerate growth into new territories, through category expansion and extension.

>>> Pre Black Friday bike deals 2020: best cycling deals

Just over a week in to the campaign the company has exceeded the one million pound mark with less than 1040 investors and still has three weeks to run.

The company launched its investment campaign last week via popular investment site Crowdcube with the aim to raise 250,000 of public money in order to accelerate growth into new territories, and through category expansion and extension.

Huub quadrupled initial funding goal in less than a week.

The 250,000 target would have equated to a shareholding of 6.41 per cent of the company based on current valuation of 14,657,760.

Olympic medallist triathletes and long-term Huub athletes, brothers Alistair and Jonny Brownlee, kickstarted the fundraising, which Huub say will allow it to continue to scale its direct-to-consumer offering, expand the product range in its fast-growing cycling category, cater for the increasing number of women taking up endurance sports, and grow its presence in international markets, most notably the US and Germany.

In 2019, HUUB turned over 4.8m and from 2015 to 2019, with an average sales growth of 32 per cent year-on-year, with this year seeing an incredible uplift of 681 per cent in cycling sales alone.

The brand, who co-sponsor the track specific Huub Wattbike team, specialises in elite performance, research and innovation.

In building out our cycling category, and broadening its reach into new territories we will continue to drive towards one common goal speed says Huub founder and CEO Dean Jackson. Weve got the team to achieve it and will be constantly building on that so its a really exciting time for us we want the whole cycling community to be a part of our journey with our Crowdcube crowdfund.

Huub specialist cycling lead is Huub Wattbike rider/ employee Dan Bigham, whos background in F1 aerodynamics makes him, according to Jackson, the driving force to behind much of the Huub cycling-specific apparel.

The holistic sports brand also comprises of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) engineers, sports engineering and physiology, aerodynamicists, kinesiologists, nutrition scientists, Olympians and world champions, as well as Rob Lewis and the team at Vorteq/Totalism, and physiology lecturer Steve Faulkner, responsible for Huubs heated trousers.

Were firmly locked on to making our mark overseas too says Jackson, and tapping into the US $5 billion dollar bike apparel market, as well as Germany

Well be growing out the team to specifically target the US market, working with both clubs and at the elite level, and with newly appointed distributors and partners soon to be announced to come, were ready. Ashton Lambie, former world record holder in the individual pursuit will assist in navigating the US cycling scene, but the reality is we expect the speed of our apparel to do the talking

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Huub hits 1million in crowdfunding campaign - Cycling Weekly

Physiology

Gangliosides in the Brain: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Applications – DocWire News

This article was originally published here

Front Neurosci. 2020 Oct 6;14:572965. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.572965. eCollection 2020.

ABSTRACT

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids highly abundant in the nervous system, and carry most of the sialic acid residues in the brain. Gangliosides are enriched in cell membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) and play important roles in the modulation of membrane proteins and ion channels, in cell signaling and in the communication among cells. The importance of gangliosides in the brain is highlighted by the fact that loss of function mutations in ganglioside biosynthetic enzymes result in severe neurodegenerative disorders, often characterized by very early or childhood onset. In addition, changes in the ganglioside profile (i.e., in the relative abundance of specific gangliosides) were reported in healthy aging and in common neurological conditions, including Huntingtons disease (HD), Alzheimers disease (AD), Parkinsons disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. At least in HD, PD and in some forms of epilepsy, experimental evidence strongly suggests a potential role of gangliosides in disease pathogenesis and potential treatment. In this review, we will summarize ganglioside functions that are crucial to maintain brain health, we will review changes in ganglioside levels that occur in major neurological conditions and we will discuss their contribution to cellular dysfunctions and disease pathogenesis. Finally, we will review evidence of the beneficial roles exerted by gangliosides, GM1 in particular, in disease models and in clinical trials.

PMID:33117120 | PMC:PMC7574889 | DOI:10.3389/fnins.2020.572965

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Gangliosides in the Brain: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Applications - DocWire News

Physiology

Live webinar will answer burning questions from horse owners – Horsetalk

A panel of experts will answer questions on equine health, pasture management, exercise physiology, manure management, and other topics during a free webinar on Thursday.

It is the first Ask the Experts webinar from Rutgers University Equine Science Center, and takes place on November 5 at 7pm (EDT). Panelists are Michael Fugaro, Karyn Malinowski, Kenneth McKeever, Michael Westendorf, and Carey Williams.

Register for the webinar

Michael Fugaro, VMD, dACVS is an equine veterinarian and surgeon in New Jwesey. He is an alumni of the University of Pennsylvanias School of Veterinary Medicine. He completed his large animal internship at the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada and a large animal surgical residency at Purdue University. Fugaro is the current President of the NJ Association of Equine Practitioners, an advisory board member for the Rutgers University Board for Equine Advancement (RUBEA), and an alumni representative for the admissions committee for University of Pennsylvanias School of Veterinary Medicine.

Karyn Malinowski, Ph.D. is an alumna of the College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, receiving her undergraduate degree in Animal Sciences in 1975; Graduate School of New Brunswick, receiving her masters degree in Animal Sciences in 1983; and the Graduate School of New Brunswick and the University of Medicine and Dentistry NJ, receiving her Ph.D. in Zoology 1986. She is a Founding Director of the Rutgers University Equine Science Center.

Kenneth McKeever, Ph.D., FACSM, FAPS earned his Ph.D. in Animal Physiology at the University of Arizona where he also managed the University Horse Center and Quarter Horse breeding program. Upon completing his Ph.D. McKeever served for two years as a National Academies of Sciences-National Research Council Resident Research Associate in the Cardiovascular Research Lab at the NASA Ames Research Center in California. From 1987 to 1994 McKeever developed and coordinated research at the Equine Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the Ohio State University. In 1995 he joined the Faculty in the Department of Animal Sciences at Rutgers University as an Associate Professor and proceeded to build, develop, and coordinate one of the most active Equine Exercise Physiology laboratories in the USA.

Michael Westendorf, Ph.D. is an Extension Specialist in Animal Sciences at Rutgers University where he has been employed since 1993. Westendorf is originally from Idaho where he received his Bachelors degree in Animal Science from the University of Idaho in 1980. He received his Masters degree in 1988 and his Ph.D. in 1992, both degrees were in Animal Science from the University of Kentucky. Westendorf conducts research and extension programs in the uses of food byproducts as animal feeds and the environmental sustainability of livestock farms.

Carey Williams, Ph.D. earned her doctorate degree with an emphasis on equine nutrition and exercise physiology in June 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. She holds a masters degree in equine nutrition, also from Virginia Tech, and a bachelors degree in Equine Science from Colorado State University. She joined Rutgers University in July 2003 as its Equine Extension Specialist, and Associate Director of Outreach for the Equine Science Center taking an active role in teaching, conducting research and working with the equine and academic communities to ensure the viability of the horse industry in New Jersey.

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Live webinar will answer burning questions from horse owners - Horsetalk

Physiology

Patient Information Sessions Focus on Breast Cancer in October – On Cancer – Memorial Sloan Kettering

In honor of Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October, Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) held two Information Sessions for breast cancer patients, caregivers, and those at increased risk for the disease. These sessions were an opportunity for the cancer-concerned community to hear directly from MSK experts and get their most pressing questions answered.

The first information session focused on Breast Cancer, Exercise and Nutrition. The panel was moderated by Neil Iyengar, MD, a medical oncologist at MSK with a specific research focus on the links between metabolic health and cancer. It featured specialists in Medical Oncology, Surgery, Exercise Physiology and Nursing. Topics ranged from specific dietary guidance, to post-treatment exercise regimens, and the role genetics plays in breast cancer prevention and treatment.

There are numerous observation studies or population studies, showing that women who participate in regular exercise before their cancer diagnosis and women who participate in exercise after treatment were less likely to have their cancer come back or have a recurrence. There are also studies that have shown women who participate in exercise either before treatment or after treatment were less likely to die from breast cancer, said Jessica Scott, PhD, exercise physiology researcher in MSKs Exercise Oncology Service. If we look at all these studies together, they really highlight the importance of not only diet but also exercise in preventing breast cancer, preventing recurrence and improving survival years following a breast cancer diagnosis.

A lot of us have heard of the BRCA one and two mutations, which are the most common that we see. But there are now a number of identified genes that if a woman is born with this abnormal gene, can increase the likelihood of developing a breast cancer or other types of cancer, said Melissa Pilewskie, MD, a breast surgeon and director of MSKs RISE Program for individuals at increased risk of developing breast cancer. Knowing this information becomes really powerful. Because if we can identify this prior to a cancer diagnosis, it really impacts what we do for screening or in terms of what our options for risk reduction are.

The second information session MSK hosted was on the topic of Breast Reconstruction. The panel consisted of surgeons, mental health experts, and advanced practice providers. It was moderated by Carrie Stern, MD, plastic and reconstructive surgeon at MSK. The panelists answered questions around breast reconstruction options, latest techniques, how to navigate emotionally through that part of the treatment journey, and complications to be aware of.

Breast reconstruction is absolutely a personal choice. We say that reconstructive surgery is elective by nature which means that women can elect or choose to go through with the process. And will do so, of course, based on their different values, preferences, tolerance for risk and ultimately their individual goals. And really here there is no wrong answer. In fact, for some women the right answer may be no reconstruction at all, said Colleen McCarthy, MD, reconstructive surgeon at MSK. But for women who do choose to proceed with breast reconstruction or having their breasts rebuilt after mastectomy, they do have several options for how it can be done.

The opportunity for women to see such caring, intelligent, informed, experienced people who are there to help them go through their rehabilitation after breast surgery is such a rewarding experience for patients and helps relieve an enormous amount of anxiety, added Mary Jane Massie, a psychiatrist at MSK who specifically works with breast cancer patients.

MSK plans to continue these Patient Information Sessions on a regular basis to help address concerns from our larger community on a variety of cancer-related issues. Information on upcoming sessions and a recording of previous sessions can be heard on our website here.

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Patient Information Sessions Focus on Breast Cancer in October - On Cancer - Memorial Sloan Kettering

Physiology

Dan Turner interview: Everton’s rapid rise, playing at Wembley and her Masters in physiology – The Telegraph

Such is the depth, the clubs More Than 11 strapline is fitting. Its not just the 11 on the pitch at that moment in time, its every single one of us and weve bought into it, said Turner.

Turner has not been to Wembley to watch football but has been there as a rugby league fan to watch her team, Warrington Wolves win the Challenge Cup final in 2009. At the time Everton were competing for the titles during her years in the clubs youth ranks.

After a brief loan spell with Stjarnan in Iceland she returned to England to start playing regular first-team football and feeling the pain of relegation and the joy of returning to the top flight in 2017/18 when the club turned professional, at which time she as appointed captain.

Turner was at Manchester United initially before playing for Everton and she credits her father, who was once on the books at Nottingham Forest, for helping her pursue football after her mother passed away.

Losing your Mum at such a young age, you have to grow up quickly and it made me so driven to achieve what I wanted, she said. It wasnt long after Id just joined my first club at nine years old, it was only two or three months later that she passed.

So she didnt get to see me play much when I was younger. I owe everything to my Dad, trekking me up and down the country and he does the same now. I just want to make both of them proud every single day. Im gutted my Dad wont be there at Wembley. Hopefully my Mum will be looking down and I make sure Ill take my locket with my Mum there so shes there with me as well.

Prior to promotion, Turner was studying sport science as an undergraduate at Liverpool John Moores University, then got her Masters in physiology, which will allow her to stay in the game when she eventually hangs up her boots.

"Sometimes as a player you question why you are doing something but I understand from my degree why we do certain things in terms of gym or fitness," said Turner. "Im always talking to the sport scientist, Im a self-confessed geek in that way.

Im always looking at GPS data after training on the iPad, seeing what were doing numbers wise and whether we are hitting distances and speeds in training. Im really interested in that and its something I could possibly transition into when I finish playing. Id love to stay in the game."

The immediate focus is glory at Wembley and continuing Evertons stunning start to the season.

Maybe youd still class us as underdogs because of what theyve achieved and how theyre established as a top-three team and were working towards that, she said. But based on the form weve started with, people are starting to take notice and think maybe it will be closer than they originally thought.

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Dan Turner interview: Everton's rapid rise, playing at Wembley and her Masters in physiology - The Telegraph

Physiology

Werewolf Physiology, According to the Twilight Movies | CBR – CBR – Comic Book Resources

The Twilight Saga took liberties in the books and films with its depictions of supernatural creatures, including werewolves.

The Twilight franchisewon overmany young peoplewith its vampires and werewolves, but it also came under fire for taking creative liberties with the detailsabout these classicmonsters. The werewolves are less controversial than the vampires in a lot of ways, but their physiology is still pretty unique compared to other werewolves in cinema and fiction.

The first thing to know about Twilight's main wolves is that they aren'treal werewolves. A group called the Children of the Moon were werewolves, but due to their ability to easily kill vampires, the Volturikilled the vast majority ofthem,so they're rare to this day. The wolves in Forks, Washington are actually shapeshifters; although, they're mistaken for werewolves and often regarded as such by the fandom. They are descendants from warriors of the Quileute Tribe, and they could originally roam the world incorporeally, talk to animals and communicate with each other telepathically; however, after Chief Taha Aki's leadership, these warriors became wolf shapeshifters.

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For many years, the wolfpack was made up of the male descendants of Taha Aki, the original wolf shifter. He passed thisgene onto the Black, Uleys and Ateras families, who would continue his legacy by passing on the shifting ability to the following generations. The shift is triggered by the scent of vampires, which signals the need to protectthe tribe, so the number of wolves who shift is directly proportional to the number of vampires they'll need to fight in the area. The transformation is most common among young adults and sets off a growth spurt as well.

Leah Clearwater unexpectedly shifts into a wolf after experiencing mood swings and intense rages. In the book, her first shift is so shocking that it causes her father to have a fatal heart attack. Leah shifts in order to make their pack big enough and strong enough to fight the approaching vampires, but it has a profound psychological effect on her. She's especially upsetbecause she believes her physiological changeswill prevent her from having a child since her menstrual cycle has stopped. Furthermore, as the first known female shifter, it's unclear how"imprinting" works for her.

Quileute shapeshifters have soulmates, and imprinting is how they realize this. A shifter first sees awoman - the process is exclusively described foropposite sex partners - and from that moment on, she's the shifter's first priority. The woman can be anyone, and shifters cannot choose who they imprint on.

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Werewolf Physiology, According to the Twilight Movies | CBR - CBR - Comic Book Resources