SPECIAL TO THE DAYTONA TIMES

This fall, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University will launch a unique undergraduate aerospace physiology program in collaboration with Florida Hospital for students who want to advance medical research and promote the health and well-being of pilots, astronauts, flight crew members and air or space travelers.

Embry-Riddle has partnered with Florida Hospital to offer the new Bachelor of Science program in aerospace physiology. The program will be one of the first of its kind in the country. (COURTESY OF EMBRY-RIDDLE AERONAUTICAL UNIVERSITY)

The Daytona Beach-based program is believed to be the first undergraduate program of its kind in the nation.

The new Bachelor of Science program, to be housed within Embry-Riddles Department of Human Factors, will offer real-world experience in clinical settings, thanks to a partnership with the six Florida Hospitals located in Volusia and Flagler counties.

Patient-care techniques Florida Hospital will help design the curriculum, exposing students to advanced patient-care techniques and clinical instrumentation. In addition, Florida Hospital will provide a unique clinical experience by supporting two practicum clinical courses.

As a former airline pilot, Florida Hospital Fish Memorial CEO Rob Deininger was an initial proponent of the aerospace physiology program.

Prior to joining Florida Hospital, I spent 13 years as a commercial airline pilot, logging more than 8,500 hours of flight time, Deininger said. We are really excited to have the opportunity to support Embry-Riddle in launching this new undergraduate program, right here in our own backyard.

It is a unique program, and we are proud to play a role in these students one day advancing medical research and caring for the men and women who fly whether it be here on Earth or in space, he added.

Medical, military careers An undergraduate degree in aerospace physiology from Embry-Riddle will put students on track to enter medical school, or to pursue careers in the military and civilian sectors, said Dr. Karen Gaines, dean of the universitys College of Arts and Sciences. Studying cellular function in space can help advance scientific research, human health care and life on Earth. Radiation, G force and other characteristics of extreme environments affect human physiology from the cellular to the whole-body level.

She added, Students who learn more about those mechanisms will be in a position to inform health care, best practices in aerospace and our understanding of how our cells age.

Aerospace physiologists are trained to identify, prevent and manage the impacts that extreme environments can have on human health. The effects of microgravity, cosmic radiation, isolation, rapid as well as sustained acceleration in an aircraft, low barometric pressure and reduced oxygen pressure in the blood can all take a toll on the human body, Gaines explained.

Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia), decompression sickness, artery-blocking clots of blood or air (embolism), damage to the middle ear (barotitis), loss of consciousness, microgravity-induced bone loss and other health problems can result from exposure to hostile aerospace environments.

Twins Experiment Being able to address ailments related to air or space travel is a critical goal for NASA and the U.S. Air Force as well as private aviation and commercial space flight operations.

This is why NASA recently conducted its highly publicized Twins Experiment, by sending NASA astronaut Scott Kelly on a year-long mission to the International Space Station while his identical twin brother, retired astronaut Mark Kelly, remained Earth-bound. NASA wanted to explore how space affects immune-system reactions and DNA aging, among other questions.

As a result of the Twins Experiment, for example, NASA learned that Scott Kellys gene expression, which supports key cellular functions such as the production of insulin, had decreased in space.

Reduced gene expression seemed to result from decreased methylation of Kellys DNA in space.

The process of methylation, which occurs when certain groups of molecules latch onto DNA, can help regulate gene expression, and is a biomarker of aging.

NASA also studied the Kelly brothers telomeres the protective caps at the end of DNA strands that deteriorate as a person ages. After nearly a year in space, NASA reported, Scott Kellys telomeres were longer than those of his twin brother Mark.

Real-world experience Embry-Riddles curriculum will provide graduates with an understanding of the fundamental principles in molecular and cellular biology, behavioral neuroscience, genetics and heredity, anatomy and physiology, and chemistry and biochemistry.

Through the universitys collaboration with Florida Hospital, students further will learn about clinical instrumentation and clinical care, so as to gain real-world experience. The Embry-Riddle program will be the first U.S.-based undergraduate program in aerospace physiology. Gaines noted that there are advanced graduate and clinical degree programs in related fields.

The new aerospace physiology program at Embry-Riddle will prepare students for careers or further study in aerospace medicine as well as any other advanced medical practice, including physical therapy, nursing and pharmacology, Gaines said.

Gender balance The new program should help promote Embry-Riddles long-standing goal to attract more women to the worlds oldest and largest aeronautical university.

Making the traditionally male-dominated field of engineering more inclusive remains a challenge nationwide, but Embry-Riddle has made progress in improving the gender balance on its campus: The number of women enrolled at the Daytona Beach campus is 1,248.

The number of women enrolled at Embry-Riddles Daytona Beach campus has increased from 16.6 percent of the total student population in 2010 to a current level of 20.8 percent and this years entering class of first-time undergraduate students was about 23 percent female.

Biology and minorities Nationally, Gaines noted, women earn less than one-fifth of all bachelors degrees in engineering and computer science, but slightly more than 40 percent of bachelors degrees in the physical sciences and mathematics.

A 2014 student in the Journal of Cell Biology (Eddy et al.) found that women tend to enter life sciences programs at much higher rates than they enter other science, technology, engineering and mathematics disciplines. In fact, women earn nearly 60 percent of all bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees in biology.

The National Science Foundation further reported in 2013 that biology is the fastest growing undergraduate major among minority women.

Because of its 90-year history as a top aerospace engineering university, Embry-Riddle works hard to recruit women students, Gaines said. We hope the new aerospace physiology program will initially draw more women to that program, and over time, draw a broader mix of students to all of our other programs, too.

For more information, visit erau.edu/degrees/bachelor/aerospace-physiology.

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